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1894. OCTOBRE.
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“(Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale doe Sciences de St.-Pétersboure.
1894. Octobre N» 2.)
Crustacea caspla.
Contributions to the knowledge of the Carcinological Fauna
of the Caspian Sea.
By G. O. Sars,
Professor of Zoology at the University of Christiania, Norway.
Part III.
Page's Od Me Se Ol Bl GD ID es
l-st Article. Mos
| NVERTEBR ATE Gammaride (part). INVERTEDE. TE
L With 8 autographic plates. \ oor” {
\ ZOOLOGY Cruste:
Lu le 11 mai 1894).
Crustacea (
INTRODUCTION.
The Caspian Sea would seem truly to abound in Amphipoda. By the
investigations of Dr. Grimm and Mr. Warpachowsky, a rather extensive
material has now been brought together, the examination of which shows
indeed the Amphipodous Fauna of that isolated basin to be both rich and
diversified, comprising, as it does, numerous species belonging to several
distinct families. As yet known, the following families are represented in
the Caspian Sea: Lysianassidae, Pontoporetidae, Gammaridae, Corophiidae.
The 2 last-named families are represented both in the collection of Mr.
Warpachowsky and that of Dr. Grimm, whereas only the latter col-
lection contains forms belonging to the 2 first ones. Of the above mentioned
4 families, the Lystanassidae and Corophiidae are, as well known, exclusively
marine in character, whereas the other 2 comprise, besides marine species,
also some apparently genuine fresh-water forms. By far the most abundantly
represented family is that of the Gammaridae, and of the genera com-
prised within it, the genus Gammarus has turned out contain much the
greater part of the species. Some of the Gammaroid genera occurring in the
Caspian Sea are very remarkable and rather unlike those represented in
the Oceans. Especially is the generic form named by Dr. Grimm Boeckia
highly distinguished by its most strange appearance.
As is the case with the Mysidae and Cumacea, much the greater part
of the Caspian Amphipoda are, as yet known, restricted in their occurrence
u3.-Mar. erp. 179. 1 12*
180 G. 0. SARS,
to that basin, only a few forms having been stated to be common also to
the Black Sea. According to the investigations of Dr. Grimm, several
forms descend to very considerable depths, and among them are some,
which evidently show themselves to be of true arctic origin.
Our knowledge to the Caspian Amphipoda is still very imperfect, only
scattered notes having hitherto been published about this part of the Fauna.
It therefore cannot fail that a full account of the species occurring in that
isolated basin may have a considerable interest. I give below a summary of
the earlier publications referring to the Amphipodous Fauna of the Caspian
Sea, as far as I have been enabled to state by looking over the literature
accessible to me.
In his «Fauna caspio-caucasia»'), Mr. Eichwald mentions 2 species of
Gammarus occurring in the Caspian Sea, and already noticed many years
previously by Pallas?). The one of these species was considered by the
latter author as identical with G. pulex Fabr., whereas the other was
noticed as a new species and named G. caspius. Mr. Eichwald gives
a short diagnosis of the latter form, and describes more at length another
species from the Black Sea, G. haemobaphes, which he believes is the same
as that noticed by Pallas as G. pulex. In the Catalogue of Amphipoda in
the British Museum (1862), Sp. Bate describes and figures 2 species of
Gammarus, G. caspius Brandt and G. semicarinatus n. sp., which both
would seem to belong to the Caspian Fauna, though no exact locality was
indicated for any of them. The last-named species is unquestionably, to
judge from the figure, identical with G. caspius of Pallas as characterised
by Eichwald, whereas the former is a very different species, perhaps that
subsequently named by Dr. Grimm G. aralo-caspius (or G. robustoides).
Sp. Bate refers for this species to Brandt’s treatise in Middendorff’s
Sibirische Reise, but this must be an error, as no species of that name is
mentioned in that work; and the locality (Asiatic Russia?) would seem to
have merely been inserted because the specimen, from which the description
and figure was taken, was presented to the Museum of the Jardin des
Plantes by Professor Brandt. The most recent publication referring to the
Amphipodous Fauna of the Caspian Sea is that given by Dr. Grimm in
«Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte» for 1880°). In this very interesting treatise
no less than 18 different species of Caspian Amphipoda are mentioned, col-
lected by him from rather deep water in the southern and middle part of
that Sea. But the species are only named, no descriptions whatever having
1) Nouv. Mém. de la Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou, T. VII, 1842.
2) «Reise durch Russland I. 1801» (according to Hichwald).
3) «Beitrag zur Kenntniss einiger blinden Amphipoden des Kaspisees.»
$u3,-Mar, erp. 180. 2
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 1Sl
been given of any of them. It is only some few points in their organisation
(especially the more or less development of the visual organs), which have
been treated of in detail, and this treatise is thus quite insufficient for re-
cognizing any of the species named.
As, however, the collection of Dr. Grimm has kindly been placed in
my hands for examination, and some of the specimens contained in it are
labelled with the names given to them, I have been enabled to identify
several of the forms collected by Mr. Warpachowsky in the northern part
of the Caspian Sea with species detected at an earlier date by Dr. Grimm,
and I have endeavoured in every possible case to retain for the species the
names originally given to them by that distinguished naturalist, though in
some cases it has been necessary to make a slight change with the names,
partly because they have been preoccupied in Zoology, and partly because
they have been less correctly formed. It may be noticed that some of the
species named in his above-cited treatise (for instance Gammarus Gregorkowii,
G. coronifera, G. thaumops) do not seem to be contained in the collection
sent to me, and that some others are only represented by apparently quite
immature specimens, which hardly suffice for recognizing the species. More-
over some of the specimens have been dried up at an earlier date by the
evaporation of the spirit, and on this cause deformed, so as to be only with
great difficulty examined. The greater part of the specimens are, however,
still in a very good state of preservation, and will suffice for a full examina-
tion of the species.
The description of the new species contained in the collection of Dr.
Grimm must be suspended for some time, as it has been destined, that the
results of the investigations of that naturalist should be published in a separate
work. It is therefore only the collection made by Mr. Warpachowsky in
the northern part of the Caspian Sea, that will be the object of the present
treatise. I have however been authorized by the Academy to refer to the
collection of Dr. Grimm, as regards the horizontal and vertical distribution
of the species here described.
The collection of Warpachowsky contains no less than 25 different
species, and as some of these species are very nearly allied, and moreover
the sexual differences often rather pronounced, it has appeared to me desir-
able, that each species should be described and figured in detail, and that
also good and sufficiently large habitus-figures should be given of both sexes.
On this cause it has been necessary to divide my treatise on that part of
the Fauna into several articles, each accompanied by 8 plates. The present
1st article will give full descriptions and figures of 7 species belonging to
4 different Gammaroid genera, viz., Boeckia, Gmelina, Amathillina and
u3,.-Mar. crp. 181. 3
182 @.'0. SARS,
Gammarus. In the next article, to be shortly published, the remaining
species of Gammarus will be described, and in a 3rd article some other
Gammaroid genera will be treated off, as also the rather numerous species
of Corophium occurring in the Caspian Sea.
The figures are, as in my two former papers reproduced by the auto-
eraphic methode, and particular care has been applied in making them as
correct and instructive as possible.
Fam. GAMMARIDAs.
Gen. 1. Boeckia, Grimm (not Malm).
Generic characteristic. — Body very robust, with greatly incrusted in-
teguments, and having the metasome and urosome poorly developed. Seg-
ments of mesosome produced laterally to extant spiniform processes, that of
the 5th segment being particularly strong and mucroniform. Cephalon pro-
duced in front to a distinct rostrum, and having on each side a greatly
prominent spiniform projection. Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather deep;
Ath pair but little broader than the preceding pairs, and very slightly
emarginated posteriorly. Eyes distinct, placed on the lateral faces of the
cephalon. Superior antennze longer than the inferior and having the acces-
sory appendage obsolete. Oral parts normal. Gnathopoda comparatively
small, subcheliform, and but little different; those in male somewhat stronger
built than in female, with the propodos broader. Pereiopoda rather
elongated and nearly equal in length, basal joint of last pair broader and
more laminar than that of the 2 preceding pairs. Branchial lamelle large,
subpedunculated; incubatory lamelle well developed. Uropoda very unequal
in size, the last pair being rather small, not nearly reaching beyond the
others and having the inner ramus extremely minute, scale-like, the outer
linear and without any terminal joint. Telson very small, unarmed, and
slightly cleft at the tip.
Remarks. — The name Boeckia, it is true, has been long ago appr-
priated in Zoology, having even been proposed at different times by 2
different authors, viz., by Malm for a genus of Amphipoda, and by Mr.
Geo. Thomson for a fresh-water Copepod. But in both instances the name
has been withdrawn, that of Malm being synonymous with Leptocheirus of
Zaddach, and that of Thomson having been changed by Mrss. Guérin
and Richard to Boeckella. It seems to me therefore that there cannot be
any objection in using this name now in a new sense, and in every case I
find it unreasonable that the name of such a diligent investigator as the late
Dr. Boeck should not be justly associated with the order of Crustacea that
u3.-Mar. erp. 182, 4
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 183
constituted his special study, merely because some authors erroneously ap-
plied his name for the establishment of spurious genera.
The systematic position of this remarkable genus would seem, at the
first sight, to be somewhat doubtful. In the robust form of the body, the
poor development of the metasome and urosome, as also in the comparatively
short caudal appendages, it rather much reminds of the Orchestiidae. But
the oral parts are constructed upon the very same type as in the true
Gammaridae, and the branchial lamelle exhibit the same characteristic
pedunculated appearance as in this family. Moreover the superior antennse
are considerably longer than the inferior, differing, however, very markedly
from those in the other Gammaride in the want of a true accessory ap-
pendage. Notwithstanding this and other divergences from the Gammaroid
type, I am inclined to believe, that this genus ought more properly to be
placed within the Gammaridae, though constituting a rather anomalous
membre of the family.
Besides the species described below, Dr. Grimm has distinguished 2
other species of this genus under the names B. nasuta and B. hystrix. Both
these species are, however, founded upon quite immature specimens, the
first-named agreeing exactly with young specimens of B. spinosa, as figured
Pl. II, fig. 10; and the other only differing in the dorsal prominences of
the segments being somewhat stronger and elevated to acutely triangular
projections. In my opinion both these supposed species ought to be with-
drawn, the genus being at present only represented by a single species.
1. Boeckia spinosa, Grimm.
(Pl. I and II),
Specific Characteristic. — Body in female extremely stout and very tumid,
in male somewhat more slender and less broad; back obtusely carinated
throughout, with the segments slightly projecting dorsally; mesosome having
on each side, at the junction of the coxal plates, a row of spiniform pro-
cesses, those of 5th segment being very large and terminating in a sharp
point, the others comparatively small and obtuse at the tip; segments of
metasome each with a pair of subdorsal, upturned processes, which however
in the 1st segment are rather small and tuberculiform; 1st segment of uro-
some overlapping dorsally the succeeding ones and terminating in a rather
large, hooked, median projection, having besides, as the segments of meta-
some, a pair of upturned subdorsal processes. Cephalon slightly keeled dor-
sally, rostrum horizontally projected and triangularly pointed, lateral pro-
jections longer than the rostrum, and diverging to each side nearly at a
right angle. Anterior pairs of coxal plates much deeper than the corres-
us.-Mar. crp. 183, 5
184 G. 0. SARS,
ponding segments, and having the distal edge densely setiferous; Ist pair
somewhat narrower than the succeeding pairs and slightly curved; 4th pair
not fully as deep as the preceeding pairs, and having the distal edge obli-
quely truncated; the 3 posterior pairs comparatively small and of normal
appearance. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome obtusangular. Eyes
small, rounded, with dark pigment. Superior antenne somewhat exceeding
in length 1/, of the body, and rather densely setiferous, 1st joint of the
peduncle comparatively large, flagellum nearly twice the length of the ped-
uncle, and composed of numerous articulations; accessory appendage only
represented by an extremely small nodule carrying 2 delicate bristles. In-
ferior antennz but little more than half the length of the superior, and of
normal structure. Gnathopoda in female rather feeble, subequal, propodos
in both pairs about the length of the carpus and scarcely broader, palm
well defined, being in the anterior ones more oblique than in the posterior;
those in male somewhat stronger, with the propodos considerably expanded,
forming below a rounded spiniferous lobe defining the deeply concayed
palm, dactylus strong and curved. Pereiopoda rather slender, and having
their outer part edged with numerous fascicles of bristles, basal jomt of
antepenultimate and penultimate pairs comparatively narrow and tapering
distally, that of last pair considerably more expanded, with the greatest
breadth below the middle. The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda having the rami
subequal and falciform in shape; last pair much shorter than the former,
with the outer ramus somewhat longer than the basal part, and provided
with a few fascicles of small bristles. Telson extremely small, scarcely half
as long as it is broad at the base, outer part narrowed and having in the
middle a short cleft. Length of adult female 20 mm., of male 25 mm.
Remarks. —- This remarkable Amphipod cannot be confounded with
any other form, exhibiting, as it does, a most peculiar appearance by the
extremely stout and compact body and its strange spinous armature. It may
however be observed, that some of the species of Allorchestes (or Hyallella)
found in the Titicaca Sea and described by Mr. W. Faxon, exhibit a some-
what analogous armament of the body. Especially is this the case with the
species named <Allorchestes armata. But here the lateral spines are not
formed by the segments themselves, but by the greatly extant coxal plates,
the most prominent lateral spines being represented by the 4th pair of coxal
plates. It is evident that this peculiar armature of the body, occurring in a
similar mode in so widely different forms, must have some significance for the
animal. I believe that these laterally projecting acute spines may serve as
a means of defence, whereby the animal, which apparently is far less active
than the other Gammaride, becomes partly secured against the attack of
u3.-Mar. crp. 184. 6
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 185
fishes and other enemies. This may also apply to the above mentioned species
of Allorchestes, which do not seem to be very habile swimmers.
f
Description of the female.
(See Pl. I).
The length of the body in adult ovigerous specimens measures, when
fully extended, about 20 mm., and this Amphipod attains thus a rather
large size.
The form of the body (see figs. 1 and 2) is extremely stout and compact,
more so than in any other known Gammarid, and all the integuments are
very hard and highly incrusted. In alcoholic specimens the body is generally
found to exhibit a strong curvature, the posterior part being folded in
beneath the anterior, and the head curved downwards. In this state it looks
like an irregular ball, from the centre of which projets on each side the
large mucroniform spine of the 5th segment. When fully extended, the back
remains still somewhat curved (see fig. 1), though the mutual longitudinal
relation of the several body-divisions now may easily be determined. It is
found that the mesosome occupies much the greater part of the body, the
metasome and urosome being comparatively poorly developed and combined
scarcely longer than the former division. All the segments of the body ap-
pear very sharply defined, and those of the mesosome are particularly broad
and subfornicate in shape, being produced on each side, just above the
junction of the coxal plates, to rounded prominences, each tipped by a later-
ally projecting spiniform process. The 4 anterior and 2 posterior pairs of
those processes are comparatively short and obtuse at the tip, whereas those
of the 5th pair are very large and prominent, mucroniform, and gradually
tapering to a very acute point. Along the back both the mesosome and
metasome exhibit a distinct, though somewhat obtuse keel, which in each
segment is elevated to a rounded dorsal prominence, those of the segments
of the metasome being somewhat more compressed and sublaminar. In each
of the latter segments occur near the dorsal face a pair of upturned digiti-
form processes, which however on the 1st segment are generally very small
and merely tuberculiform. The 1st segment of the urosome (see fig. 5) is
comparatively large and of a somewhat trigonal form, being produced at
the end dorsally to a rather prominent and somewhat hooked projection,
fully overlapping the 2 succeeding very short segments, and even reaching
somewhat beyond the tip of the last pair of uropoda. At the base of this
projection occur a pair of subdorsal digitiform processes of a similar appea-
rance to those found in the posterior segments of the metasome.
Ou3.-Mar. erp. 185. 7
186 @, 0. SARS,
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of mesosome
combined. It exhibits dorsally a low keel, and is produced in front to a
somewhat flattened, horizontally projected rostrum of an acute triangular
form, and reaching nearly to the end of the basal joint of the superior
antenn. The lateral faces of the cephalon are evenly convex in their upper
part, but inferiorly they jut out on each side to a remarkable spiniform process
extending laterally nearly at a right angle to the longitudinal axis. These
processes are considerably longer than the rostrum and terminate each in a
sharp point.
The 4 anterior pairs of coxal plates, extending nearly vertically down-
wards, are rather large, being almost twice as deep as the corresponding
segments. They are all densely fringed on the distal edge with delicate
bristles, and, when the body is curved in the manner usually found in alco-
holic specimens, completely overlap each other with their anterior edges,
so as to form together on each side a continuous wall, inside which the oral
parts, the gnathopoda, and partly also the 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda
may be wholly concealed. When the body is fully extended (see fig. 1),
these coxal plates become somewhat separated in their outer part, still
forming in their upper part a continuous wall. The Ist pair of coxal plates
(see fig. 15) are somewhat narrower than the succeeding ones and _ slightly
curved, with the anterior edge concave, and the outer part somewhat ex-
panded, forming in front a narrowly rounded lobe, which, when the animal
curves itself, is received just beneath the lateral process of the cephalon.
The 2 succeeding pairs of coxal plates (see fig. 16) are nearly of equal size
and oblong quadrangular in form, with the anterior corner somewhat more
projecting than the posterior. The 4th pair (see also Pl. II, fig. 4) are not
fully as deep as the 2 preceding pairs and but little broader. They exhibit
a rather different form, being obliquely truncated at the end, with the
posterior edge slightly emarginated in its upper part, and projecting below
the emargination as an obtuse angle.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are much smaller than the anterior,
and successively decrease in size. The 5th pair are scarcely half as deep as
the 4th, and, as usual, divided into 2 rounded lobes, the anterior of which
is somewhat deeper than the posterior. The 2 last pairs are transversely
quadrangular in form.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are not very large; those of the
2 anterior segments are rounded, those of the last segment obtus-angular.
In a dorsal view (fig. 2) the body appears very tumid and of a some-
what fusiform shape, the greatest breadth, which is fully as great as the
height (including the coxal plates) and about equals 1/, of the length, oc-
$u3.-Mar. erp. 186. 8
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 187
curring about in the middle, whence the body gradually tapers both ante-
riorly and posteriorly. The lateral spines become, in this view of the
animal, very conspicuous, projecting, as they do, from each side of the meso-
some. The extent between the tips of the large mucroniform processes of
the 5th segment considerably exceeds half the length of the whole body.
The eyes (see figs. 1 and 2) are placed on the lateral faces of the
cephalon, at some distance from the anterior edge and somewhat nearer the
dorsal than the ventral side. They are comparatively small and of rounded
form, with very dark pigment.
The superior antennze (fig. 3) somewhat exceed in length 1/, of the body
and are rather slender, being densely supplied with delicate bristles on both
edges. They are very flexible and generally so much recurved, as to be
nearly completely hidden between the lateral processes of the head and the
coxal plates. Of the 3 joints of the peduncle the 1st is much the largest,
equalling in length the other 2 combined and being much thicker. The last
2 joints of the peduncle are nearly of equal length, but the last is somewhat
narrower than the 2nd.
The flagellum is nearly twice as long as the peduncle, and composed of
numerous short setiferous articulations, their number amounting to about
25 in all. The accessory appendage seems at the first sight to be entirely
wanting. On a closer examination, however, an extremely small nodule is
found in the place, where in other Gammaride this appendage occurs. This
nodule is distinctly defined from the last peduncular joint, and carries on
the tip 2 delicate bristles.
The inferior antenne (fig. 4) are much shorter than the superior, but
little exceeding half their length, and, as the latter, are rather densely
setiferous and generally strongly recurved. In every case their basal part
remains quite hidden by the lateral processes of the head, and can only be
examined by dissection. They are on the whole quite normally constructed,
exhibiting a comparatively large globular basal joint, followed by a very
short joint, from which inside the olfactory spine issues. The 3rd joint is
likewise rather short but comparatively thick, whereas the 2 remaining
joints of the peduncle are much more elongated, the penultimate one being
the larger. The flagellum is about same length as the last 2 peduncular
joints combined, and composed of 9 articulations.
The buccal area is not very much prominent, and scarcely visible in a
lateral view of the animal, it being almost completely hidden between the
1st pair of coxal plates. The several oral parts composing it, are on the
whole of a quite normal structure, agreeing with that generally found in
the typical Gammaride.
Du3.-Mar. erp. 187. 9
1858 G. 0. SARS,
The anterior lip (fig. 8) is of a rounded form, and somewhat narrowed
in its outer part, with the tip scarcely emarginated and finely ciliated at
the edge.
The posterior lip (fig. 9) is comparatively large and of the usual sub-
membranaceous consistence. The lateral lobes are rather broad and, as .
usual, ciliated at the tip and the imner edge, whereas they outside project
as an obtusely conical lappet. There is only a very slight rudiment of inner
lobes.
The mandibles (figs. 10 and 11) are strongly built, with the molar ex-
pansion well developed and the cutting edge divided, as usual, into 2 super-
posed, dentated plates, somewhat differently shaped in the 2 mandibles,
3etween the cutting edge and the molar expansion occurs the usual series
of curved, finely ciliated spines. The mandibular palp (see fig. 10) is of
moderate size, being scarcely longer than the mandible itself. Its terminal
joint is about as long as the 2nd, somewhat compressed, and gradually
tapering distally. It carries on the inner edge a dense series of comparatively
short, ciliated spinules, and has besides on the tip and the outer edge several
slender bristles.
The 1st pair of mavxille (fig. 12) exhibit the normal structure. The
masticatory lobe is moderately strong, and armed on the truncated tip with
a rather great number of partly denticulated spines arranged in a double
row. The basal lobe is oval in form, and carries along the inner edge a row
of about 10 ciliated setee. The palp is, as inmost other Gammaride, somewhat
differently developed in the 2 maxille, its terminal joint being on the right
maxilla very much expanded and haying the distal edge divided into a
number of coarse denticles, whereas on the left maxilla this joint is much
narrower and provided at the tip with a few slender spines.
The 2nd pair of maxille (fig. 13) have the outer lobe a little larger
than the inner, both being oblong oval in form and carrying at the tip a
number of delicate, curved bristles. The inner lobe, moreover, is provided
with about 6 ciliated sete arranged in a somewhat oblique series on its
lower face.
The maxillipeds (fig. 14) are, as usual, quite fused together at the base,
springing off from a common basal part composed of 2 somewhat flattened
segments. The basal lobes, springing off from the 2nd segment of the basal
part and lying in close juxtaposition, are of moderate size and subquadran-
gular in shape. They carry at the tip a number of delicate curved
bristles, between which there occur a few short denticles, and have the
inner edge fringed with a series of ciliated setae. The masticatory lobes are
somewhat larger than the basal ones, and are armed along their inner edge
u3.-Mar. crp. 188, 10
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 189
with a series of flattened spines increasing in size towards the tip, where
they successively become transformed to strong curved sete. The palp is
well developed, stbpediform, and composed of the usual 3 joints, the outer
2 of which form together a more or less pronounced geniculate bend. The
last joint is somewhat expanded in its outer part, which is densely setous,
and carries at the tip a claw-like movable spine (the dactylus).
The gnathopoda (figs. 15 and 16) are comparatively small and most
frequently so closely applied against the buccal area, as to be quite hidden
between the 2 anterior pairs of coxal plates, to the inner face of which they
are articulated. They are nearly alike both in size and structure, both pairs
being densely setous and exhibiting a more or less pronounced sigmoid
curve.»The basal joint is somewhat more elongated in the posterior ones
(fig. 16) than in the anterior, whereas the 3 succeeding joints are exactly
alike in both pairs, the carpus being about the length of the 2 preceding
joints combined and forming below a slight setous expansion. The propodos
is about as long as the carpus and scarcely broader, exhibiting in both pairs
a distinct subcheliform structure. Its shape is a little different in the 2 pairs,
the palm being in the anterior ones (fig. 15) somewhat oblique, whereas in
the posterior ones (fig. 16) it is nearly transverse. The dactylus is not very
strong and of the length of the palm.
The pereiopoda (see fig. 1, comp. also Pl. Il, figs. 4—7) are rather
much elongated and but little different in length, all being fringed on both
edges with numerous fascicles of short bristles, and having the dactylus
rather slender. The 2 anterior pairs are, as usual, generally turned anteri-
orly, whereas the 3 posterior pairs are more or less strongly reflexed; in
the former the basal joint is comparatively narrow, in the latter more
lamellar in character. Of the several joints composing these limbs, the basal
one is in all much the largest and the ischial joint the shortest, the 3 suc-
ceeding ones being nearly of equal length. The antepenultimate and pen-
ultimate pairs are somewhat longer than the others, and have the basal
joint but little expanded and gradually tapering distally. The last pair
(comp. Pl. II, fig. 7) are a little shorter than the 2 preceding pairs, and
differ considerably in the form of the basal joint, which is much broader
and considerably expanded in its distal part, the posterior edge being
strongly curved below the middle and fringed throughout with short
bristles.
The branchial lamelle, present at the base of all the legs, except the
anterior gnathopoda, are well developed, though, as usual, considerably
diminishing in size posteriorly. The anterior pairs (see Pl. I, fig. 16) are
rather large and broad, subtriangular in form, and attached by a short but
bu3,-Mar. erp. 189. ll
190 G. 0. SARS,
well-marked peduncle inside the coxal plates, at some distance from the in-
sertion of the basal joint of the corresponding leg. Close to them, and some-
what more inside issue the incubatory lamellz, forming together the mar-
supial pouch. They are likewise rather large and fringed with long sete.
The 3 pairs of pleopoda exhibit quite a normal appearance.
The uropoda are very unequal in size (see Pl. I, fig. 5), the 1st pair
being much the largest and, as the succeeding pair (comp. Pl. I, fig. 8),
having the rami subequal and somewhat falciform in shape, both gradually
tapering distally, with a single small apical denticle and another about in
the middle of the upper edge. The last pair (PI. I, fig. 7) are extremely
small, not at all reaching beyond the others, and are also rather different
in structure. They consist each of a short and thick basal part, to the end
of which are attached 2 very unequal rami. The outer one is a little longer
than the basal part and of a narrow linear form, with 3 fascicles of small
bristles along one of the edges and a similar one at the tip. The inner ramus
is very minute and scale-like, with a single small spine at the tip.
The telson (fig. 6) is extremely small, and not easy to examine in the
uninjured animal, it being completely overlapped by the hooked dorsal pro-
jection of the Ist segment of the urosome. When isolated by dissection, it
shows itself to be of a broadly triangular form, with the length not nearly
attaining half the breadth, and the tip cleft by a short and narrow incision.
On the dorsal side of each of the narrowly rounded terminal lobes occurs a
very small spinule; otherwise the telson is quite unarmed.
The adult male (see Pl. II) attains a still larger size than the female,
the length of the body, when fully extended, amounting to no less than
25 mm. In general appeawance it does not differ much from the female,
except by the body being considerably less tumid. In a dorsal view of the
animal (Pl. I, fig. 1) the sex may therefore at once be determined. Of the
several appendages it is chiefly the gnathopoda, which distinguish them-
selves by a much stronger build than in the female (see figs. 2 and 3).
Especially appears the propodos in both pairs much larger and considerably
expanded, forming below a broadly rounded lobe defining the palm inferiorly
and armed with a number of strong anteriorly curving spines. The palm is
deeply concave, and the strongly curved dactylus impinges, when closed,
with the tip somewhat inside the inferior expansion of the propodos. The
pereiopoda are on the whole of the same structure as in the female, though
being perhaps a little more elongated and having the basal joint of last
pair somewhat less expanded. Finally, the outer ramus of the last pair of
uropoda (fig. 9) appears a little longer and is provided on the inner edge
with several slender bristles not found in the female. Of course no incuba-
@u3,-Mar. crp. 190. 12
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 191
tory lamelle are present in male specimens; but the branchial lamellee (see
figs. 3 and 5) exhibit the very same appearance as in the female.
Very young specimens (fig. 10), of a length of about 6 mm., differ from
the adult in all the processes of the body (also those of the cephalon and of
the 5th segment of mesosome) being digitiform in shape, terminating with
an obtuse point, and moreover in the dorsal prominences of the segments
being more strongly elevated, giving the back a serrated appearance. In all
these particulars they exactly agree with the form named by Dr. Grimm
B. nasuta.
Colour. — In none of the specimens examined any trace of pigmentary
ornament could be detected, all exhibiting a uniform whitish colour. In the
living state, however, the animal may most probably have shown some
characteristic colouring.
Occurrence. — This remarkable form was met with by Mr. Warpa-
chowsky in 4 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea, one of which
(St. 7) was located at the mouth of the Bai Agrachansky, 2 others (St. 58,
59) between the Tschistyi-Bank and the mouth of the Wolga, and the 4th
(St. 61) far North, at some distance outside the Bai Bogutyi Kultuk. In
one of the Stations (58) several specimens, both males and females, were
secured; in the other 3 Stations only solitary specimens occurred.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm 2 adult male specimens of this form are
contained, found in 2 different Stations, the one located off the promontory
Schachowa Kosa, the other at some distance South of the peninsula Mangy-
schlak, the depth being in the former 7 fms., in the latter 90—100 fms.
Besides 2 immature specimens (= B. nasuta Gr.) were collected in the
last-named Station, and another, likewise immature specimen (= B. hystria
Gr.) was procured in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, from the very
considerable depth of 150 fms.
Out of the Caspian Sea this form has not yet been recorded.
Gen, 2. Gmelina, Grimm, MS.
Generic Characteristic. — Body slender and compressed, with rather
strongly incrusted integuments, and having the segments sharply defined,
partly also produced to conspicuous projections. Metasome and urosome well
developed. Cephalon but slightly projecting in front, lateral lobes compara-
tively small, postantennal corners well defined and rather deep. Anterior
pairs of coxal plates of moderate size and larger in the female than in male;
4th pair not very much expanded, and but slightly emarginated posteriorly
in their upper part. Eyes well developed and more or less protuberant,
being placed near the anterior edges of the cephalon. Antennse not very
fus.-Mar. crp. 191. 13
192 G. 0. SARS,
much elongated, and nearly equal in length, the superior ones with a very
small, uniarticulate accessory appendage. Oral parts normal: Gnathopoda
in female rather feeble, though distinctly subcheliform, in male much more
strongly developed and subequal, propodos very large and gradually widen-
ing distally. Pereiopoda not very much elongated, the 3 posterior pairs
successively increasing in length; last pair having the basal joint somewhat
larger and more lamellar than in the 2 preceding pairs. Last pair of uro-
poda more or less projecting beyond the others, and having the outer ramus
well developed and more or less pronouncedly foliaceous in structure, inner
ramus small, squamiform. Telson deeply cleft.
Remarks. — The present genus is very nearly allied to the genus
Pallasiella G. O. Sars (Pallasia Sp. Bate), and indeed at first, before the
collection of Dr. Grimm was come in my hands, I referred the 2 species
described below to that genus. There is, however, perhaps some raison for
supporting the new genus proposed by Dr. Grimm, since the said species
exhibit some apparently essential points of difference from the type of the
genus Pallasiella, for instance the much feebler structure of the gnathopoda,
and the fact, that the telson is deeply cleft, not as in the latter genus only
emarginated at the tip.
Besides the form upon which Dr. Grimm founded his genus, another
very distinct species is contained in the collection of Mr. Warpachowsky,
and this species has recently also been recorded from the Azow Sea by
Mr. Sowinsky.
2. Gmelina costata, Grimm, MS.
(Pl. Tl).
Specific Characteristic. — Body extremely slender and compressed,
especially in the male, with the lateral parts of the segments of mesosome
somewhat exstant; back keeled throughout, the keel being elevated in the
posterior segments of mesosome and those of metasome to conspicuous dorsal
projections. Urosome unusually elongated, and having each of the 2 anterior
segments produced dorsally to a small dentiform projection. Cephalon with
the lateral faces quite smooth, rostral projection well-marked, lateral lobes
but very little projecting and broadly truncated at the tip. Anterior pairs
of coxal plates in female much deeper than the corresponding segments, in
male considerably smaller; 4th pair but little broader than the preceding
pair. Second pair of epimeral plates of metasome rather deep and acutely
produced, last pair somewhat smaller and less produced at the lateral corners.
Eyes of moderate size and but slightly protuberant, oval reniform, with dark
pigment. Superior antennz a little longer than the inferior, but scarcely
4
u3.-Mar. erp. 192. 14
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 193
exceeding in length 7/, of the body, joints of the peduncle successively de-
creasing in size, flagellum but little longer than the peduncle, accessory
appendage not attaining the length of the 1st articulation of the flagellum.
Gnathopoda in female somewhat unequal, the posterior ones being a little
more slender, and having the propodos narrower; those in male much larger,
with the propodos oblong oval in form, palm concave and defined below by
a nearly rectangular projection armed with 2 strong spines, dactylus very
strong and curved. The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda comparatively short
and stout, and having their outer part edged with scattered fascicles of
spines and delicate bristles, basal joint of the 2 anterior pairs rather small
and tapering distally, that of last pair oblong quadrangular in shape. Last
pair ofropoda rather fully developed and projecting far beyond the others,
outer ramus very large, pronouncedly foliaceous and edged with slender
spines and delicate bristles, tip blunt, with a very small terminal joint.
Telson rather large, projecting beyond the basal part of the last pair of
uropoda, cleft extending nearly to the base, terminal lobes obtusely pointed,
and carrying each a single apical spine and a few delicate bristles. Length
of adult female 12 mm., of male 16 mm. 3
Remarks. — The present form is at once recognized by its extremely
slender and narrow body, on which cause I at first noted it under the pro-
visional name Palasiella macera. The pronounced foliaceous character of
the outer ramus of the last pair of uropoda may also serve for distinguishing
this form from most of the other Caspian Amphipoda. It is the form upon
which Dr. Grimm founded his genus Gmelina.
Description of the female.
Fully adult, ovigerous specimens attain a length of about 12 mm.
The general form of the body (see fig. 1) is very slender and highly
compressed, the metasome and urosome being both well developed and com-
bined about the length of the mesosome. .The integuments are highly in-
crusted, exhibiting in some places, for instance in the anterior part of the
coxal plates (see fig. 11) conspicuous rounded indurations. All the segments
are very sharply marked off from each other, whereby the outer contours
of the body acquire, both in the lateral and dorsal view of the animal, a
somewhat rugged appearance. The segments of the mesosome have their
lateral parts slightly prominent at the junction of the coxal plates, forming
together an obtuse keel extending along each side of that division of the
body. Another keel runs along the back, being anteriorly rather low, -but
gradually becoming more distinct backwards, and being at the same time
successively elevated in the segments to more or less conspicuous dorsal
$us3.-Mar. erp, 193. 15 13
194 G. 0. SARS,
projections. It is not easy to indicate with exactness where those projections
take their begin, as they are only little by little growing out from the seg-
ments, but in the antepenultimate segment of the mesosome there is generally
found a distinct approach to such a projection, and in the last segment, as
also in those of the metasome, they are very conspicuous, being obtusely
triangular in form and distinctly laminar. The urosome is unusually pro-
longed, nearly equalling in length the metasome, and has the 1st segment
slightly keeled dorsally in its posterior part and produced at the end to a
short acute projection; a similar, but much smaller, dorsal projection may
also be observed in the succeeding segment, whereas the last segment is
quite smooth above.
The cephalon (fig. 2) about equals in length the first 2 segments of
mesosome combined, and is produced in front to a distinct, though not very
large rostral projection. The lateral lobes are very slightly projecting and
broadly truncated at the tip, being defined from the rather deep and acut-
angular postantennal corners by a slight emargination. The lateral faces of
the cephalon are quite smooth, without any trace of a projection.
The 4 anterior pairs of coxal plates (see fig. 1) are rather large, being
considerably deeper than the corresponding segments, and of an oblong quadr-
angular form, with only a few scattered hairs on the distal edge. The 1st
pair (see fig. 11) are somewhat smaller than the succeeding ones, and very
slightly expanded in their outer part. The 4th pair are but little broader
than the preceeding pair, and exhibit posteriorly in their upper part a very
slight emargination defined below by an obtuse angle.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are, as usual, much smaller than
the anterior, and successively diminish in size. The 5th pair are but little
broader than they are deeep, and have the anterior lobe somewhat more
projecting than the posterior.
Of the epimeral plates of the metasome, the 1st pair are, as usual, the
smallest and evenly rounded. The 2nd pair are considerably deeper and
acutangular at the lateral corners; the last pair are of a more rounded
form, though produced at the lateral corners to a short acute point.
The eyes (see fig. 2) are of moderate size and oval reniform in shape.
They are but slightly protuberant and placed near the anterior edges of the
cephalon. The pigment is dark.
The superior antenne (see fig. 1) scarcely exceed in length 1, of the
body, and are but sparingly supplied with small bristles. Of the joints of
the peduncle the Ist is much the largest, being nearly as long as the other
2 combined. The last peduncular joint is considerably smaller than the 2nd.
The flagellum is but little longer than the peduncle and composed of about
@n3.-Mar. crp. 194. 16 ¥
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 195
16 short articulations. The accessory appendage (see fig. 3) is distinctly
defined, but rather small. and only composed of a single articulation carry-
ing at the tip 3 slénder bristles.
The inferior antenne are a little shorter than the superior and, as the
latter, but sparingly setiferous. Of the joints of the peduncle the penultimate
one is the largest. The flagellum is about half the length of the peduncle
and composed of 6 articulations.
The buccal area is somewhat projecting, though partly concealed by the
1st pair of coxal plates. The several oral parts composing it are on the whole
quite normally constructed.
The anterior lip (fig. 4) exhibits the usual rounded form, and has in front
an obtuse prominence.
The posterior lip (fig. 5) does not exhibit any trace of imner lobes. The
lateral lobes are narrowly rounded in front, and project outside as an obtusely
conical lappet.
The mandibles (figs. 6 and 7) are short and stout, and exhibit the usual
armature of their masticatory part. The palp (see fig. 7) is rather slender,
being considerably longer than the mandible itself, and has the last joint
shorter than the 2nd.
The Ist pair of maxille (fig. 8) are comparatively large, with the
masticatory lobe rather strongly developed and armed at the tip with
coarse, denticulated spines. The basal lobe is subtriangular in form, and
carries on the inner edge a row of about 8 setze. The palp has the terminal
joint on the left maxilla rather narrow, on the right, as usual, somewhat
more expanded.
The 2nd pair of maxille (fig. 9) have the outer lobe considerably broader
than the inner, exhibiting otherwise the usual structure.
The maxillipeds (fig. 10) in nearly all their details agree so closely with
those in the preceding genus, that a detailled description of them is not needed.
The gnathopoda (figs. 11 and 12) are comparatively small and feeble
in structure, though distinctly subcheliform and rather densely setous. They
are a little unequal, the posterior ones being somewhat more slender than
the anterior, and having the carpus larger. The propodos of the anterior
pair (fig. 11) is oblong quadrangular in form and somewhat longer than the
carpus, with the palm rather oblique; in the posterior pair (fig. 12) it equals
in length the carpus and is somewhat narrower, with the palm nearly
transverse.
The pereiopoda (see fig. 1) are comparatively short and stout, and rather
unequal in length. The 2 anterior pairs are of same structure, though some-
what differing in length, the 1st pair being the longer.
u3.-Mar. crp. 195. 17
196 G. 0. SARS,
The 3 posterior pairs successively increase in length, and have their
outer part fringed with scattered fascicles of spines and delicate bristles, the
dactylus being rather stout and curved, with a small denticle somewhat in-
side the tip. The antepenultimate pair are much shorter than any of the
other pairs and, as the succeeding pair, have the basal joint comparatively
small and narrowed distally. The last pair (fig. 13) differ from the preceding
pairs in the much larger size of the basal joint, which is oblong quad-
rangular in form, with the posterior edge nearly straight and edged with
scattered short hairs. ;
The uropoda are very unequal in size, the penultimate pair (fig. 14)
being rather small, with the rami narrow linear and spinous only at the tip.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 15) are of considerable size, projecting far
beyond the others and nearly equalling in length the urosome. The basal
part is short and thick, and the rami very unequal, the inner one being ex-
tremely small and scale-like, whereas the outer is very large and pronoun-
cedly foliaceous in structure. It is nearly of equal breadth throughout and
terminates with a blunted tip carrying an extremely minute terminal joint.
The edges of the ramus are densely fringed with comparatively short, partly
ciliated setze, and are besides armed with fascicles of slender spines.
The telson (fig. 16) is comparatively rather fully developed, being con-
siderably longer than it is broad at the base, and projecting beyond the
basal part of the last pair of uropoda. It is divided by a deep cleft into two
obtusely pointed lobes, which are finely ciliated on the outer edge and carrie
each at the tip a single short spinule and a few delicate bristles.
The adult male (figs. 17, 18) grows to a considerably larger size than
the female, reaching, when fully extended, a length of 16 mm. (excluding
the last pair of uropoda).
The form of the body appears still more slender than in the female, and
is also more compressed. In a dorsal view of the animal (fig. 18) the body
therefore exhibits an extremely narrow, almost linear form. The sexual dif-
ferences otherwise refer chiefly to the antenne, the gnathopoda and the last
pair of uropoda.
The antenne (see fig. 17) appear somewhat more elongated than in the
female, and also less unequal, the inferior ones being about same length as
the superior. In both pairs, moreover, the flagella are composed of a greater
number of articulations. :
The gnathopoda (figs. 19 and 20) are very different from those in the
female, being much more strongly built and nearly equal both in size and
structure. In both pairs the propodos is very large, oblong oval, or rather
somewhat clavate in form, gradually widening somewhat distally, with the
$u3.-Mar. erp. 196, 18
CRUSVACEA CASPIA, 197
palm distinctly concave, and defined below by a nearly rectangular project-
ing lobe armed with 2 strong spines, between which the strongly curved
dactylus impinges! when closed.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 22) are still larger than in the female,
exceeding even considerably the whole urosome in length. This is chiefly
caused by the fuller development of the outer ramus, the structure of which
otherwise agrees with that in the female.
Colour, — All the specimens examined exhibited a uniform greyish
white colour, without any conspicuous pigmentary marks; but this may most
probably not have been the case in the living state of the animal.
Occurrence. — This form has been collected by Mr. Warpachowsky
in 4 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea. Two of these (St. 16 anp
52) were located off the island Podgornoj, another (St. 49) between the
islands Kulaly and Morskay, the 4th (St. 58) at some distance north of the
Tschistyi-Bank. In the latter Station only a single specimen was secured, in
each of the others several specimens occurred.
Dr. Grimm collected the species at Baku, from the shores down to 6
fathoms, and moreover at the west coast of Sara among Zostera, and at
Krasnowodsk in a depth of 20 fms.
Out of the Caspian Sea this species has not yet been recorded.
3. Gmelina Kusnezowi (Sowinsky).
(PI. IV).
Gammarus Kusnezowi, Sowinsky, Les Crustacés de la mer d’Azow,
Prone ViEe
Specific Characteristic. — Body rather slender and compressed, especi-
ally in the male, the back being, however, not carinated, but haying a double
series of tuberculiform projections, successively increasing in size, and as-
suming on the posterior segments of mesosome and those of metasome a
mammilliform shape. Segments of mesosome (except the last 2) produced on
each side, just above the junction of the coxal plates to very conspicuous,
lateraly projecting rounded prominences. Segments of urosome smooth above,
the last 2 having on each side dorsally 2 small spinules. Cephalon consider-
ably attenuated in front and having on each side a conspicuous, umboniform
prominence, rostral projection extremely small, lateral lobes narrowly rounded
in front. Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather deep and of a similar shape to
those in the preceding species; 5th pair somewhat oblique and much deeper
anteriorly than posteriorly. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome
nearly rectangular. Eyes oval reniform and highly protuberant, being placed
dus.-Mar, erp. 197. 19
198 G. 0. SARS,
close to the anterior extremity of the cephalon. Antenne nearly equal-sized
and rather short, scarcely exceeding in female Y/, of the length of the body.
Gnathopoda nearly as in the preceding species, and exhibiting a similar dif-
ference in the two sexes. Pereiopoda likewise of a structure very similar to
that in the said species, though being perhaps a little more slender, Last
pair of uropoda not nearly so much elongated as in G. costata, the outer
ramus being far less fully developed and also less pronouncedly foliaceous
in character. Telson rather short, cleft narrow and extending nearly to the
base, terminal lobes obtusely rounded and armed with several spines both at
the tip and the outer edge. Length of adult female 14 mm., of male 18 mm.
Remarks. — There cannot be any doubt that the above-characterised
form is that recently described by Mr. Sowinsky from the Asow Sea as
Gammarus Kusnezowi. It is, however, certainly not a true Gammarus, but
ought, in spite of the rather different armature of the body and the less
fully developed last pair of uropoda, to be referred to the same genus as the
preceding species, with which it agrees very closely in nearly all anatomical
details. It is a very easily recognizable form, being highly distinguished by
the peculiar subdorsal, mammilliform projections, on which cause I at. first
noted it under the provisional name of Pallasiella mammillifera.
Description of the female,
Adult ovigerous specimens attain, when fully extended, a length of
about 14 mm.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is rather slender and compressed,
though perhaps not to such a degree as in the preceding species. As in the
latter, all the integuments are highly incrusted, and the segments sharply
marked off from each other.
The mutual longitudinal relation of the several body-divisions is about
as in that species, except that the urosome is somewhat shorter. The body
is generally more or less strongly curved, and has the back rounded off, not,
as in the preceding species, carinated. On the other hand, there occurs along
the back a double series of subdorsal prominences (one pair in each segment),
which anteriorly are very low and tuberculiform, but farther back, on the
Jast 2 segments of mesosome and those of metasome, assume a distinctly
mammilliform shape, and, when the animal is viewed laterally, considerably
project beyond the dorsale line. The lateral parts of the 5 anterior segments
of the mesosome are, moreover, just above the junction of the coxal plates,
produced to very conspicuous laterally projecting, tuberculiform prominences,
best seen in a dorsal view of the animal (comp. fig. 13). The segments of
the urosome are smooth above, without any projections, but, as in most
$u3,-Mart. crp. 198. 20
CRUSTACEA CASPIA, 199
species of the genus Gammarus, there occurs in the 2 posterior ones, on
each side of the dorsal face, a fascicle of small spinules, their number being
generally 2 in eaeh fascicle.
The cephalon is somewhat shorter than the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and exhibits a rather irregular form. As seen laterally
(fig. 2) it rapidly tapers anteriorly, being narrowly truncated at the tip,
with the rostral projection extremely small and the lateral lobes narrowly
rounded in front. The inferior edges of the cephalon between the latter and
the postantennal corners are nearly straight and obliquely descending, and just
above them issues from the lateral faces on each side a rather large umboni-
form prominence, best seen in the dorsal view of the animal (comp. fig. 13).
The coxal plates nearly agree in their shape with those in the preceding
species, the 4 anterior pairs being rather large and considerably deeper
than the corresponding segments. The 5th pair (see fig. 7) are somewhat
oblique and much deeper in their anterior than posterior part.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, the Ist pair
being, as usual, rounded, whereas the 2 succeeding pairs are nearly rect-
angular, with the lateral corners but slightly produced.
The eyes (see fig. 2), which are placed close to the extremity of the
cephalon, are of oval reniform shape and remarkable by being so lighly
protuberant as nearly to exhibit a stalked appearance (comp. fig. 13). They
have the visual elements well developed and the pigment of a very dark hue.
The superior antennz (see fig. 1) are comparatively short, scarcely ex-
ceeding in length ¥/, of the body, and are, as in the preceding species, but
sparingly setiferous. The Ist joint of the peduncle is but little longer than
the 2nd, and the 3rd only half the length of the latter. The flagellum does
not attain the length of the peduncle, and is composed of about 15 short
articulations. The accessory appendage (see fig. 3) is very small and exactly
of same appearance as in the preceding species.
The inferior antenne are about same length as the superior, and have
the penultimate joint of the peduncle the largest. The flagellum is scarcely
half as long as the peduncle and composed of 6 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4 and 5) exhibit a structure very similar to that
in the preceding species, the posterior ones (fig. 5) being a little more
elongated than the anterior and having the carpus somewhat larger. The
propodos is in both pairs oblong oval in form, and but little broader than
the carpus, with the palm somewhat oblique, though not nearly as long as
the hind margin.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) do not differ in any way from
those in the preceding species, and also the posterior pairs (figs. 7 and 8)
fus.-Mar. crp, 199. 21
200) G. 0. SARS,
exhibit much the same structure, though being perhaps a little more slender
and less coarsely spinous in their outer part. The basal joint of the last pair
(fig. 8), as in G. costata, is considerably larger than that of the 2 preceding
pairs, and exhibit a similar oblong quadrangular form.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 9) are likewise of much the same
structure as in that species.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 10), on the other hand, do not nearly attain
such a large size as in G. costata, though they somewhat project beyond the
others. The rami are, as in that species, very unequal, the inner one being
very small and scale-like, whereas the outer ramus is well developed and
about twice as long as the basal part. This ramus does not, however, ex-
hibit such a pronouncedly foliaceous character as in G. costata, being gradu-
ally narrowed distally and having the edges fringed with only a restricted
number of slender spines and short bristles; at the tip occurs a distinct,
though rather small terminal joint carrying several delicate bristles.
The telson (fig. 11) is comparatively small, not extending beyond the
basal part of the last pair of uropoda. It is considerably broader than it is
long, and divided by a narrow cleft into two obtusely rounded lobes, each
armed with several spines (5—6 in number), 2 of which issue from the
outer edge, the others close together from the tip.
The adult male (figs. 12 and 13) is considerably larger than the female,
attaining a length of 18 mm.
The form of the body is about as in the female, though, as usual, some-
what more compressed, on which cause the body exhibits, in a dorsal view
of the animal (fig. 13) a very narrow, nearly linear form.
The antenne (see fig. 12) appear somewhat more elongated, though not
nearly attaining */, of the length of the body, and have a somewhat greater
number of articulations in the flagella.
The gnathopoda (figs. 14, 15) are very strongly developed, and exhibit
a structure closely agreeing with that in the preceding species, the propodos
being in both pairs very large and of an oblong clavate form.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 16) appear a little larger than in the
female, with the outer ramus somewhat more elongated, but otherwise ex-
hibit the very same structure.
This is also the case with the telson (fig. 17).
Colour. — In some of the specimens received short time after having
been captured, there was still trace of a darkish pigment arranged in bands
across the segments, similar to what occurs in the nearly allied Norwegian
fresh-water Amphipod, Pallasiella quadrispinosa. Most of the specimens,
however, exhibited a uniform greyish colour.
$u3.-Mar. erp. 200. 92
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 201
Occurrence. — This species also was collected by Mr. Warpachowsky
in 4 different Stations. Three of these (St. 50, 58, 59) are located in the
western part of the North Caspian Sea, whereas the 4th (St. 61) lies far
north, at some distance outside the Bai Bogutyi Kultuk.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this form is not represented.
Distribution. — The Azow Sea (Sowinsky).
Gen. 3. Amathillina '), Grimm.
Generic Characteristic. — Body comparatively robust, with the back to
a more or less extent distinctly keeled, the keel being in all, or in some
only of the segments elevated to compressed, posteriorly pointing projections.
Urosome short and stout, without dorsal projections, but with fascicles of
subdorsal spinules, as in the genus Gammarus. Integuments not very much
incrusted. Cephalon with a small rostral projection, lateral lobes short and
obtuse, postantennal corners well marked, lateral faces smooth. Anterior
pairs of coxal plates of moderate size, 4th pair the largest and distinctly
emarginated posteriorly in their upper part. Eyes well developed. Superior
antenne slender and much longer than the inferior, with a well-developed
accessory appendage. Oral parts normal. Gnathopoda in female rather feeble,
though distinctly subcheliform; those in male very strongly built and nearly
equal, exhibiting a structure similar to that in the male of the genus Gmelina.
Pereiopoda of moderate length and edged in their outer part with fascicles
of stiff bristles, dactylus in all strong and curved; last pair somewhat shorter
than the penultimate one, and having the basal joint rather large and lami-
narly expanded. Last pair of uropoda comparatively small, scarcely reaching
beyond the others, outer ramus sublinear, with scattered fascicles of spines,
and having a distinct, narrow terminal joint, inner ramus small, squamiform.
Telson short and broad, cleft to the base.
Remarks. — In the comparatively robust body, the back of which is to
a more or less extent distinctly keeled and provided with lamellar dorsal
projections, this genus somewhat reminds of the genus Amathlla. It differs,
however, rather materially in the structure of the several appendages, and
in this respect comes much nearer to the genus Gammarus, being chiefly
distinguished from that genus by the poor development of the last pair of
uropoda.
1) Dr. Grimm spells the name Amathillinella, but this term cannot properly be accepted
since it is a diminutive of Amathillina, a generic name which does not as yet exist. Probably
Dr. Grimm had in view to form a diminutive of Amathilla, but this would correctly have been
Amathillella, a name which would be inconvenient by its cacophony. Moreover Amathilla is
itself a diminutive of Amathia, and to form a diminutive of a diminutive, would in every case
seem to be objectionable.
u3.-Mar. erp. 201. 23
202 G. 0. SARS,
In the collection of Mr. Warpachowsky 2 distinct, though nearly
allied species are represented, one of which was named by Dr. Grimm,
whereas the other is new to science. Besides Dr. Grimm has distinguished
2 other species as A. intermedia and A. macrophthalma; but I am at pre-
sent unable to see any essential differences between the specimens so named
and normal specimens of A. cristata. On the other hand, a very beautiful
form, which has been collected by Dr. Grimm in great profusion from
rather considerable depths in the middle and southern part of the Caspian
Sea, and which was labelled A. cristata, var. spinata, would more likely
seem to represent a distinct species.
4. Amathillina cristata, Grimm.
(Pl. V, Pl. VI, figs. 1—8).
Specific Characteristic. — Body rather stout and not very much com-
pressed, with the back distinctly keeled throughout, the keel being, how-
ever, in its anterior part rather low, and scarcely elevated to any distinct
projections in front of the 4th segment of mesosome, the succeeding pro-
jections successively increasing somewhat in size and being rather broad,
triangular, that of last segment of metasome, however, differing from the
others in being evenly rounded, not angulary produced. Cephalon with the
rostral projection short and blunt, lateral lobes obtusely truncated. Anterior
pairs of coxal plates somewhat deeper than the corresponding segments, 1st
pair but slightly expanded distally, though considerably. broader than the
2nd; 4th pair with the posterior expansion transversely truncated and form-
ing below the emargination a nearly right angle. The last 2 pairs of epi-
meral plates of metasome but very slightly produced at the lateral corners.
Kyes not very large, narrow reniform, with dark pigment. Superior antennz
nearly equalling half the length of the body, joints of the peduncle successively
diminishing in size, flagellum halfas long again as the peduncle, accessory ap-
pendage about the length of the last peduncular joint and 5-articulate. Inferior
antennee in female scarcely more than half as long as the superior. Gnathopoda
in female comparatively small and about same length, propodos in the posterior
ones considerably narrower than in the anterior, palm in both pairs some-
what oblique; those in male much stronger, with the propodos very large
and somewhat claviform in shape, palm concave and defined below by an
angular projecting lobe armed with 2 strong spmes. Basal joint of ante-
penultimate and penultimate pairs of pereiopoda of nearly same form, though
somewhat differing in size, posterior edge in both pairs but slightly curved;
that of last pair considerably broader in female than in male, posterivr ex-
pansion forming below a rounded lobe reaching beyond the ischial joint.
Dus.-Mar, erp. 202. 24
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 203
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda strongly spinous: last pair with the outer
ramus somewhat longer than the basal part, its proximal joint having on
either side a singlé fascicle of spines. Telson nearly semicircular in outline,
cleft very narrow, each half armed with a lateral and an apical spine, the
latter accompanied by a number of delicate bristles. Length of adult female
13 mm., of male 15 mn.
Remarks. — 'The present species, established by Dr. Grimm, may be
regarded as the type of the genus Amathillina. It is chiefly distinguished
by the number of the dorsal projections, and particularly by the peculiar,
gibbous form of the last one, moreover by the shape of the basal joint of
the last 2 pairs of pereiopoda.
Description of the female,
(Pl. V).
The length of fully adult ovigerous specimens amounts to about 13 mm.
The body (see figs. 1 and 2) is on the whole of a rather stout and com-
pact form, being generally strongly curved. Its integuments are, however,
not nearly so strongly incrusted as in the species of the 2 preceding genera,
and do not exhibit any conspicuous sculpturing. In a dorsal view of the
animal (fig. 2), the body appears much less compressed than in the species
of the genus Gmelina, exhibiting a somewhat subfusiform shape, the greatest
breadth (across the 4th segment of mesosome) equalling about 1/, of the length.
The back is keeled throughout the whole mesosome and metasome; but the
keel is in the anterior part rather low, becoming gradually more conspicuous
posteriorly, where it is elevated in each segment to a lamellar, posteriorly
pointing projection. The exact number of these dorsal projections is not
easy to indicate, as they only little by. little grow out from the segments.
But in the 2 anterior segments of the mesosome there is never found any
trace of such projections, and in the 3rd segment only in some specimens a
slight attempt to a projection is observed. Not rarely even the dorsal projec-
tions are not at all distinctly formed in front of the 5th segment, that of the
latter segment being in such cases rather small. In the last 2 segments of
mesosome and those of metasome they, however, always appear well formed.
The projection of the last segment of the metasome in all specimens dis-
tinguishes itself very markedly by its peculiar form, it being not, as in
the preceding segments, triangular, but broadly rounded at the tip, giving
that segment, in a lateral view of the animal, a somewhat gibbous appear-
ance. The urosome is comparatively short and massive, without any dorsal
keel or projections, but each of the segments carries dorsally a few simple
$n3.-Mar, crp. 203, 25 .
204 G. 0. SARS,
hairs, and the 2 posterior ones have besides, on either side of the dorsal face,
2 small juxtaposed spinules, as in some species of the genus Gammarus.
The cephalon (see fig. 1, comp. also Pl. VI, fig. 2) scarcely exceeds in
length the first 2 segments of mesosome combined, and is comparatively
deep in proportion to its length, with the lateral faces quite smooth. The
rostral projection is very short and blunt, though distinctly defined, and the
lateral lobes are but little projecting and broadly truncated at the tip, being
defined from the acutely projecting postantennal corners by a slight emar-
gination encircling the basal joint of the inferior antenne.
The coxal plates are of moderate size, the 4 anterior pairs being, as
usual, much larger than the 3 posterior, and somewhat deeper than the
corresponding segments. The Ist pair (see fig. 11) are slightly expanded
distally, and considerably broader in their outer part than the 2nd pair (see
fig. 12), their terminal edge being broadly rounded and, as in the other
pairs, only fringed with a few scattered hairs. The 2 succeeding pairs are
somewhat deeper than the 1st and of oblong quadrangular form, the 3rd
being somewhat broader than the 2nd. The 4th pair (see fig, 13) are much
the largest, being rather expanded in their outer part and produced
posteriorly to an obtusely truncated lobe, above which the posterior edge
forms a distinct emargination, to receive the anterior part of the 5th pair.
The latter (see fig. 14) are about twice as broad as they are deep, and, as
usual, divided into 2 lobes, the anterior of which is but little larger than
the posterior. The 2 posterior pairs (see figs. 15 and 16) successively de-
crease in size, and are also slightly bilobed.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, the 2 poste-
rior pairs being, as usual, somewhat larger than the 1st pair, and nearly
rectangular in form, with the lateral corners but little produced.
The eyes (see fig. 1), which are placed on the sides of the head, at a
short distance from the anterior edges, are not very large and of a narrow
reniform shape, with dark pigment.
The superior antenne (see fig. 1) nearly attain half the length of the
body, and are rather slender, with only small scattered bristles at the edges.
The peduncle is somewhat elongated, being about twice as long as the
cephalon. The 1st joint is by far the largest, though scarcely as long as the
other 2 combined, and the latter are not very different in length. The fla-
gellum is about half as long again as the peduncle, and composed of numer-
ous short articulations, their number varying from 20 to 25. The accessory
appendage (see fig. 3) is well developed and about as long as the last ped-
uncular joint, being composed of about 5 articulations.
$n3.-Mar, erp. 204. 26
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 205
The inferior antennz (see fig. 1) are much shorter than the superior,
scarcely exceeding half their length. They are constructed in the usual
manner, exhibiting a large globular basal joint followed by two short and
2 elongated peduncular joints. The flagellum considerably exceeds half the
length of the peduncle, and is composed of about 12 articulations.
The buccal area (see fig. 1) is rather projecting, being only partly ob-
tected by the 1st pair of coxal plates. The several oral parts (figs. 4—10)
composing it, are quite normal in their structure, and need not therefore to
be described in detail.
The gnathopoda (figs. 11 and 12) are rather small and nearly of equal
length, though the posterior ones (fig. 12) appear somewhat more slender
than the anterior. Both pairs are rather richly supplied with bristles, partly
arranged in dense fascicles, especially on the lower edge of the carpus and
propodos. The latter appears in the anterior pair (fig. 11) somewhat broader
and more expanded distally than in the posterior pair, where it (see fig. 12)
exhibits a rather narrow oblong oval form. The palm in both pairs is some-
what oblique, being defined below by an obtuse angle carrying a pair of
short spines.
The pereiopoda are of moderate length and rather strongly built, having
their outer part edged with fascicles of stiff bristles intermingled with
spines, especially at the end of the meral and carpal joints. In all of them
the dactylus is very strong, terminating in a sharp curved point. The 2
anterior pairs are, as usual, of the same structure, though somewhat unequal
in length, the 2nd pair (fig. 13) being a little shorter than the Ist.
Of the 3 posterior pairs the penultimate ones (fig. 15) are the longest,
and have the basal joint oval in form, with the posterior edge but very
slightly curved. In the antepenultimate pair (fig. 14) the basal joint is some-
what smaller, but otherwise of a much similar form, being in both pairs
broadest in its proximal part and somewhat narrowed distally. The last pair
(fig. 16) differ considerably from the others in the form of the basal joint,
which is very broad, forming posteriorly a large, laminar expansion termi-
nating below in a broadly rounded lobe which extends beyond the ischial
joint. The edges of the expansion are minutely serrate, with small bristles
springing of from the serrations, and having between them a very fine
ciliation.
The branchial and inbubatory lamelle (see fig. 12) exhibit a similar
structure to that in the 2 preceding genera.
The uropoda successively decrease in size, the 1st pair (fig. 17) being
rather large and about twice as long as the 2nd (fig. 18). In both pairs the
basal part as also the rami are coarsely spinous, the latter being subequal
us3.-Mar. erp. 205. i 27
206 G. 0. SARS,
and each tipped by a dense fascicle of unequal spines. The last pair (fig. 19)
are very small, scarcely at all reaching beyond the others, and of a rather
different structure. They consist each of a rather thick and massive basal
part armed at the end with several spines, and of 2 very unequally deve-
loped rami. The inner ramus is extremely small and seale-like, whereas the
outer is somewhat longer than the basal part and of a rather narrow, sub-
linear form, having a distinctly defined terminal joint setiferous at the tip.
The proximal joint of this ramus carries on each side a single fascicle of
spines intermingled with delicate bristles, and from its tip also issue several
spines and fine bristles.
The telson (fig. 20) is rather broad in proportion to its length, and
nearly semicircular in outline. It is divided by a deep and narrow cleft into
two halves, each of which carries at the outer edge, near the base, a small
spinule and at the tip another spinule accompanied by a few fine hairs.
The adult male (P\. VI, fig. 1), as usual, attains a somewhat larger size
than the female, its length amounting to nearly 15 mm.
The form of the body is not very much different form that in female,
though perhaps a little more slender and compressed. The dorsal projections
generally appear somewhat larger and more prominent, being more pronoun-
cedly lamellar in character. In the specimen here figured there was a distinct
attempt to such projections even in the 3rd and 4th segments of the meso-
some, a case rather rarely met with, the projections being, as a rule, not
distinctly developed in front of the 5th segment.
The antenne (see fig. 1) appear somewhat more elongated than in the
female, especially the inferior ones, which however still are considerably
shorter than the superior. :
The gnathopoda (figs. 3 and 4) are very strongly developed and nearly
equal in size, with the propodos rather large and of an oblong clavate form,
being somewhat expanded distally, especially in the posterior ones (fig. 4).
The palm is distinctly concave, and defined below by a projecting, nearly
rectangular corner armed with 2 spines. Another rather strong spine occurs
on the outher side of the palm below the middle, and is accompanied by a
fascicle of slender bristles.
The pereiopoda appear a little more elongated than in the female, and
the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs is comparatively narrower. Especially
is this the case with the last pair (fig. 6), where that jomt appears much
less expanded than in the female (comp. Pl. V, fig. 16) and thereby acquire
a rather different form.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 7) and the telson (fig. 8) do not differ
much from those parts in the female.
@u3.-Mar, erp. 206. 28
he CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 207
Colour. — In some specimens received short time after they had been
captured, a few light reddish markings were observed on the sides of the
body, apparently being the remnant of a pigment; but whether this may
haye been something merely accidental, I cannot assertain. In another bottle
all the specimens exhibited along the edges of the dorsal projections a
border of a very dark hue, as indicated in the figs. 1 and 2 on Pl. V.
Occurrence. — Of this characteristic form numerous specimens were
collected by Mr. Warpachowsky in several localities of the North Caspian
Sea. It has been noted from no less than 16 different Stations, distributed
partly along the western coast, from the Bai Agrachansky up to the mouth
of the Wolga, partly in the tract extending north of the peninsula Mangy-
schlacky and also in 2 Stations (81 and 32) lying about midways between
the latter peninsula and the opposite western coast. In some of the Stations
it would seem to have occurred in great profusion.
Dr. Grimm collected this form in the Bai of Baku, and besides in
several Stations both of the southern and middle part of the Caspian Sea,
up to the peninisula Mangyschlak; the depth varying from 2 to 35 fathoms.
A small variety (perhaps a news species) was also collected by the same
naturalist at Baku in comparatively shallow water, among the grass.
Out of the Caspian Sea this form has not yet been recorded.
5. Amathillina affinis, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. VI, figs. 9—19).
Specific Characteristic. — Very like the preceding species, but of much
inferior size. Anterior part of mesosome not keeled dorsally; the last 2 seg-
ments of mesosome and those of metasome each produced dorsally to a pro-
minent, acutely triangular projection, that of last segment nearly of same
form as the preceding ones. Cephalon and urosome almost as in A. cristata.
Anterior pairs of coxal plates somewhat smaller than in the said species;
otherwise of a similar shape. Eyes comparatively larger and distinctly reni-
form. Superior antennze very slender and exceeding half the length of the
body, 1st joint of the peduncle but little longer than the 2nd, accessory
appendage shorter than the last peduncular joint, and only 3-articulate.
Gnathopoda in female very small and of a similar structure to that in 4.
cristata, propodos of the posterior ones much narrower than that of the
anterior and having the palm nearly transverse; those in male largely deve-
loped, with the propodos in both pairs oblong oval in form, scarcely widen-
ing. distally. Basal joint of penultimate pair of pereiopoda very different in
shape from that of the antepenultimate pair, being strongly expanded, with the
$n3.-Mar, erp. 207. 99
208 G. 0. SARS,
posterior edge boldly curved below the middle; that of last pair having the
posterior expansion produced below to an obtusely truncated lobe reaching
almost to the middle of the meral joint. Uropoda nearly as in the preceding
species. Telson without any spines, and having the terminal lobes obtusely
pointed, each being tipped by 3 fine hairs. Length of adult female 6 mm.,
of male 8 mm.
Remarks. — This new species is very nearly allied to the preceding
one, but unquestionably specifically distinct. Besides by its much inferior
size, it differs in the anterior part of the back being quite smooth, without
any trace of a keel, in the last dorsal projection not differing in shape from
the preceding ones, and in the rather different form of the basal joint of the
last 2 pairs of pereiopoda, finally, in the telson having no trace of any spines.
Description. —The length of adult, ovigerous female specimens is about
6 mm., and that of male specimens scarcely exceeds 8 mm. This form is
consequently much inferior in sexe to the preceding species.
The general form of the body nearly agrees with that in A. cristata,
and there is a quite similar difference between the 2 sexes as described in
that species, the females being somewhat shorter and stouter than the males.
On this cause I have regarded it sufficient for the recognition of the species
to figure only one of the sexes, in this case the male (fig. 9). In both sexes
the anterior part of the back is quite evenly rounded, without any trace of
a keel. In the 5th segment of the mesosome there is found in some specimens
a very slight approach to a keel, but in no specimen this keel is elevated in
the form of a dorsal projection. In the 5 succeeding segments, on the other
hand, the dorsal projections are very distinctly developed, being rather pro-
jecting and of an acutely triangular shape. The last of these projections
does not differ much from the others, being, as the latter, acutely produced,
not, as in the preceding species, rounded. The segments of the urosome are,
as in that species, without any dorsal keel or projections, but provided with
a similar supply of fine hairs and small subdorsal spinules.
The cephalon (fig. 10) does not differ much in its form from that in A.
cristata.
The coxal plates are comparatively somewhat less deep than in the pre-
ceding species and also narrower, otherwise of a much similar appearance.
This also apples to the epimeral plates of the metasome.
The eyes (see fig. 10) are comparatively larger than in A. cristata, and
of a pronounced reniform shape, their anterior edge being distinctly insinu-
ated in the middle,
The superior antenne (see fig. 9) are very slender, and considerably ex-
ceed in length half the body. The 1st joint of the peduncle does not much
us.-Mar, erp, 208. 30
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 209
exceed in length the 2nd, and the 3rd joint is considerably both shorter
and narrower than the latter. The flagellum is about half again as long as
the peduncle, and composed in the female of about 15 articulations, in the
male of nearabout the double number. The accessory appendage in both
sexes is much smaller than in A. cristata, and is only composed of 3 arti-
culations.
The inferior antenne are much shorter than the superior, especially in
the female, and of a similar structure as in A. cristata.
The gnathopoda in the female (figs. 11 and 12) are rather small and
nearly of equal length, though the posterior ones appear somewhat feebler
in structure. The propodos in the latter (fig. 12) is much narrower than in
the anterior, and has the palm nearly transverse. In the male these limbs
(figs. 18 and 19) are very strongly developed and of a similar structure to
that in the male of the preceding species, though differing in the propodos
being more regularly. oval in form, that of the anterior pair (fig. 1) being
rather tumid in the middle. :
Of the pereiopoda, the last 2 pairs differ very markedly from those of
the preceding species in the shape of the basal joint. In the penultimate pair
(fig. 14) this joint is very unlike that of the antipenultimate pair (fig. 13),
forming a large and broad expansion posteriorly, whereby it acquires a
somewhat heart-shaped form, the posterior edge being boldly curved below
the middle. In the last pair (fig. 15) it expands obliquely to a greatly pro-
jecting lobe, obtusely truncated at the tip and extending almost to the
middle of the meral joint. In the male these joints are somewhat less ex-
panded than in the female, being however much broader than in the male
of A. cristata.
The uropoda are nearly of same structure as in that species, except that
the 2 anterior pairs are armed with a less number of spines, and that the
outer ramus of the last pair (fig. 16) is somewhat more elongated.
The telson (fig. 17) has the terminal lobes obtusely pointed and each
only tipped by 3 fine hairs, no spine being found neither on the tip nor on
the outer edge.
Occurrence. — This species also has been collected by Mr. Warpa-
chowsky in several localities of the North Caspian Sea, it being noted
from no less than 11 different Stations, but in none of them it occurred in
any abundance. Of these Stations one (St. 2) is located off the Tschistyi-
Bank, another (St. 12) in the inner part of the Bai Agrachansky, 4 other
(St. 16, 17, 28, 29) in the tract north of the peninsula Mangyschlak, an 8th
(St. 32) about midway between that peninsula and the opposite western
coast, another (St. 49) between the islands Morskay and Kulaly, and the
u3.-Mar, ctp. 209. 31 14
210 G. 0. SARS,
last 3 (St. 54, 55, 56) at some distance north and west of the last-named
island.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this species is only represented by a
few specimens collected in the Bai of Baku, from a depth of 2—3 fathoms.
The species is, as yet known, restricted in its oceurrence to the
Caspian Sea.
Gen. 4. Gammarus, Fabr.
Remarks. — Of all the Amphipodous genera represented in the Caspian
Sea, this comprises the greatest number of species. In the collection of
Mr. Warpachowsky I have distinguished no less than 11 different species,
and in the collection of Dr. Grimm several additional species are repre-
sented. Whereas the hitherto known species of Gammarus, in the restriction
of the genus now generally adopted, exhibit a very uniform appearance, the
Caspian species partly diverge rather markedly in their character from the
type, both as regards the outward appearance and the structure of the
several appendages. Thus the Gammarus caspius Pallas, to be described
below, is highly distinguished by the segments of metasome being produced
dorsally to similar acuminate projections to those occurring in the genus
Amathillina, and whereas in the earlier known species of Gammarus, the
superior antennz are invariably very slender and considerably longer than
the inferior, in several of the Caspian species they are rather much reduced
in length, so as not at all exceeding the inferior ones in size. Moreover the
last pair of uropoda sometimes are unusually short, and in all the Caspian
species as yet examined their inner ramus is very small and scale-like. The
most normally looking species is that described below as Gammarus haemo-
baphes Eichwald.
6. Gammarus caspius, Pallas.
(PI. VII).
Gammarus caspius Pall., Eichwald: «Fauna caspio-caucasia nonnullis
observationibus novyis illustr.». Nouv. Mém. de la Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes
de Moscou, T. VII, 1842, p. 230.
Syn.: Gammarus semicarinatus, Sp. Bate.
» Gammarus Dybowskyi, Grimm MS.
Specific Characteristic. — Body moderately slender, with the segments
of mesosome generally smooth, though in some specimens the last one is
slightly keeled above and produced at the posterior edge to a small denti-
form projection, those of metasome provided with well-marked posteriorly
$u3,-Mar. erp. 210. 32
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 211
pointing dorsal projections. The 2 anterior segments of urosome having each
a much elevated tubercle, transversely truncated at the tip and armed with
4 strong apical spines arranged in pairs; last segment with a single small
spinule on each side of the dorsal face. Cephalon with the rostral projection
extremely small, nearly obsolete, lateral lobes rather broad and obtusely trun-
cated at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates but little deeper than the corre-
sponding segments and rapidly increasing in size to the 4th, which are much
expanded in their outer part, with a very distinct emargination posteriorly.
The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome rather large and acutely
produced at the lateral corners. Eyes well developed and of an oblong form,
slightly instricted in the middle. Superior antennz very slender and much
longer than the inferior, joints of the peduncle rapidly diminishing in size,
flagellum nearly twice as long as the peduncle, accessory appendage well
developed and 5-articulate. Gnathopoda in both sexes rather unequal in
size, the posterior ones being much the larger; those in male being, as usual,
more powerful than in female, with the propodos rather large, especially in
the posterior ones, palm in both pairs somewhat oblique and nearly straight.
Pereiopoda moderately slender and edged in their outer part with spines
and delicate bristles, antepenultimate pair much shorter than the last 2
pairs, which are nearly equal in length, basal joint of last pair not much
expanded and oblong quadrangular in form, with the posterior edge dis-
tinctly serrate. Last pair of uropoda reaching considerably beyond the
other, inner ramus small, squamiform, outer ramus rather elongated and
edged with long ciliated sete and a few fascicles of spines. Telson of mode-
rate size and cleft to the base, each half armed at the tip with 2 small
spines and a few delicate bristles. Length of adult female 13 mm., of male
16 mm.
Remarks. — The diagnosis given by Eichwald in the above-cited
work does not leave any doubt, that the above-characterised form is that
originally recorded by Pallas as Gammarus caspius. Under the latter name
Sp. Bate, in his Catalogue of Amphipoda in the British Museum, describes
a very different form, whereas I am much inclined to believe that the form
recorded by him in the same work (without any locality) as G. semicarinatus
is that here treated of. In Dr. Grimm’s collection this species is labelled
G. Dybowskyi n. sp. From all other known species this is at once recognized
by the strong dorsal projections of the metasome. In spite of this anomalous
feature, it is a true Gammarus, as shown by the structure both of the oral
parts and the other appendages.
*
u3.-Mar. erp. 211. 83 14
ol? G. 0. SARS,
Description of the female,
The length of adult ovigerous specimens amounts to about 13 mm.
The body (see fig. 1) is of moderately slender form and somewhat com-
pressed, with the metasome and urosome well developed and combined about
equalling the length of the mesosome. The segments of the latter division
are in most of the specimens quite smooth, with the back evenly rounded.
In larger specimens there is however (as indicated in the figures here given)
not rarely found in the last segment a slight dorsal keel, which at the post-
erior edge is produced to a small dentiform projection. The segments of
metasome in all specimens are distinctly keeled, the keel being elevated to
rather large and compressed, posteriorly pointing dorsal projections termi-
nating in a very acute point. The last of these projections is generally the
‘largest and of same form as the 2 preceding ones. The 2 anterior segments
of the urosome are each provided dorsally with a rather conspicuous, almost
cylindrical tubercle, transversely truncated at the tip, and carrying 4 strong
apical spines arranged in pairs and accompanied by a few delicate bristles
(see fig. 15). The anterior tubercle projects nearly at a right angle to the
longitudinal axis, whereas the posterior one is slightly recurved, both being
otherwise of the very same appearance. The last segment of the urosome
has on each side of the dorsal face a single small spinule.
The cephalon (fig. 2) is fully as long as the first 2 segments of meso-
some combined, and has the rostral projection extremely small, nearly ob-
solete. The lateral lobes are somewhat projecting and rather broad, being
obtusely truncated at the tip and defined from the acutely produced post-
antennal corners by a rather deep emargination encircling the globular —
basal joint of the inferior antenne.
The 4 anterior pairs of coxal plates are but little deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and rapidly increase in size posteriorly, the 1st pair
(see fig. 4) being rather small and scarcely at all expanded distally, whereas
the 4th pair (see fig. 6) are very broad, with the outer part much expanded
and forming below the rather deep posterior emargination a distinct, almost
right angle.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively small and of
the usual shape.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are rather large, especially the 2
posterior pairs, which both are produced at the lateral corners to an acute
point.
The eyes (see fig. 2) are of moderate size and narrow oblong in form,
with a slight instriction in the middle, thus exhibiting a shape somewhat
u3,-Mar. crp. 212, 34
ceed
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 213
similar to that in the northern species, G. campylops Leach. The pigment
in most of the specimens is dark, but Dr. Grimm has stated a case of the
eyes being nearly devoid of pigment. .
The superior antenn (see fig. 1) about equal half the length of the
body, and are very slender, with only scattered short hairs at the edges.
The joints of the peduncle rapidly diminish in size, the 1st being much the
largest and about equalling in length the other 2 combined. The last ped-
uncular joint is considerably shorter and also narrower than the 2nd. The
flagellum does not fully attain twice the length of the peduncle, and is com-
posed of numerous short articulations. The accessory appendage (fig. 3) is
well developed, somewhat longer than the last peduncular joint, and com-
posed of 5 articulations.
The inferior antennz are much shorter than the superior, but little ex-
ceeding half their length, and have the penultimate joint of the peduncle
the largest. The flagellum somewhat exceeds half the length of the peduncle,
and is composed of about 9 articulations.
The oral parts do not differ in any way from those in the other species
of Gammarus.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4 and 5) are moderately strong and rather un-
equal in size, the posterior ones (fig. 5) being much the larger. In both pairs
the carpus is rather short and expanded distally, forming below a rounded,
setiferous lobe. The propodos is in the posterior ones considerably larger
than in the anterior, but of a similar form in both pairs, being oval quadran-
gular in shape, with the palm somewhat oblique, and defined below by an
obtuse angle carrying a strong spine.
The pereiopoda are of moderate length and have their outer part edged
with fascicles of short spines and delicate bristles. The 2 anterior pairs (see
fig. 6) are rather slender and somewhat unequal in length, the 1st pair
being the longer. The antepenultimate pair (fig. 7) are considerably shorter
than the 2 succeeding pairs, and have the basal joint of an irregular oval
form, with the infero-posteal corner slightly produced. The last 2 pairs
are about equal in length, but differ in the shape of the basal joint, which
in the last pair (fig. 8) is somewhat larger than in the penultimate pair,
though not very much expanded, exhibiting an oblong quadrangular form,
and having the posterior edge, as in the 2 preceding pairs, distinctly
serrate.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 9 and 10) are of the usual struc-
ture, the rami being linear in form and nearly equal-sized. They are edged
with a number of coarse spinules and have each at the tip a fascicle of
somewhat unequal spines.
un3.-Mart. crp. 213. 85
214 G. 0. SARS,
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 11) considerably project beyond the others,
and have the basal part armed at the end below with 4 strong juxtaposed
spines. The inner ramus is very small and scale-like, carrying a single small
spine at the tip and another still smaller on the inner edge. The outer ramus
is well developed and nearly 3 times as long as the basal part. It is com-
paratively narrow, slightly tapering distally, and is provided at the tip with
avery small terminal jot. The ramus is round about edged with long cili-
ated sete, and besides exhibits a few fascicles of short spines, 2 of which
issue from the tip, on either side of the terminal joint.
The telson (fig. 12) is not very large, and scarcely extends beyond the
basal part of the last pair of uropoda. It is divided by a deep cleft into two
halves, each slightly narrowed distally and carrying at the somewhat ob-
liquely truncated tip 2 small spines and a few fine hairs.
The adult male (fig. 13), as usual, grows to a somewhat larger size than
the female, the largest specimens measuring about 16 mm. in length.
In its general form the body does not differ much from that in the
female, being only a little more slender and compressed, and having the
coxal plates comparatively smaller.
The antennz appear somewhat less ‘unequal, the inferior ones being
comparatively more fully developed than in the female and also more densely
setiferous. The accessory appendage of the superior ones (see fig. 14) is a
little more elongated than in the female, though exhibiting the same number
of articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 16 and 17) are much stronger than in the female
and, as in the latter, rather unequal in size, the posterior ones (fig. 17)
being considerably more powerful than the anterior. In both pairs the pro-
podos exhibits a similar oval quadrangular form to that in the female, but is
much larger, especially that of the posterior pair. The palm is nearly
straight and somewhat oblique, being defined below by an obtuse angle
carrying 2 strong spines, between which the dactylus impinges, when closed;
besides the palm has on the outer side, about in the middle, a strong spine,
not occurring in the female,
The pereiopoda (see fig. 13) appear somewhat more slender than in the
female, and the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs is also comparatively
narrower.
The last pair of uropoda (fig..18) are a little more elongated than in
the female, nearly equalling in length the urosome, but otherwise are of a
much similar structure.
Colour. — In none of the specimens examined any colouring marks ~
could be detected, the whole body exhibiting a uniform whitish hue.
Pus.-Mar. erp. 214. 36
CRUSTACEA CASPIA, 215
Occurrence. — This form was collected rather abundantly by Mr. War-
pachowsky in the North Caspian Sea, and has been noted from no less
than 16 different’Stations. Of these one (St. 2) is located off the Tschistyi-
Bank, another (St. 12) in the inner part of the Bai Agrachansky, a third
(St. 31) about midway between the peninsula Mangyschlak and the opposite
western coast, the others in the tract north of the said peninsula, 2 of them
(St. 53 and 54) lying at some distance north of the islands Kulaly and
Morskay. In some of the Stations, especially in St. 52 (off the island Swjatoj),
it would seem to have occurred in great profusion.
Dr. Grimm collected this species in the Bai of Baku, from a depth of
4 feet down to 6 fathoms, furthermore in the Bai Balchansky, 7—12 fms.,
in the Bai Murrawjew, 10—20 fms., and on the west coast of Sara, among
Zostera. A single specimen in the collection was, according to the label,
taken by Kessler at Astrachan from Astacus leptodactylus. The specimens
in the collection of Dr. Grimm are on the whole of much smaller size than
those collected by Mr. Warpachowsky in the North Caspian Sea.
According to Kichwald, this form was collected by, Pallas in the
mouth of «Rhymnus» together with G. pulex (= G. hemobaphes).
Out of the Caspian Sea it has not yet been recorded.
7. Gammarus hemobaphes, Kichwald.
(PI. VIII).
Gammarus hemobaphes, Eichwald 1. ¢. p. 230, Pl. XXXVI, fig. 7.
Syn.: Gammarus pulex, Pallas (not Fabr.).
Specific Characteristic. — Body resembling in form that in the more
typical Gammari (e. g. G. locusta), being rather slender and compressed,
with the mesosome and metasome perfectly smooth throughout. The 2 ante-
rior segments of urosome each having a small, conical dorsal tubercle tipped
by 2 minute juxtaposed spines; 1st segment besides provided, on each side
of the dorsal face, with a single small spinule, and last segment with 2 such
spinules. Cephalon with the lateral lobes rather broad and somewhat ob-
liquely truncated at the tip, the inferior corner being more prominent than
the superior. Coxal plates of moderate size, 4th pair rather broad in their
outer part, and angularly produced below the posterior emargination. Last
pair of epimeral plates of metasome but very little produced at the lateral
corners. Eyes well developed, reniform, pigment dark. Superior antenne
rather slender and longer than the inferior, with the accessory appendage
rather fully developed, and composed of 7—9 articulations. Gnathopoda in
$u3.-Mar. erp. 215. 37
216 G. 0. SARS,
both sexes, very unequal in size, the posterior ones being much stronger
than the anterior, and in male very powerful, with the propodos exceedingly
large and swollen. The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda normal, the 3 post-
erior pairs rather stout, with their outer part edged with fascicles of strong
spines and scattered bristles, basal joint of antepenultimate pair having the
infero-posteal corner slightly produced, that of last pair much larger than
in the preceding pairs, and subquadrangular in form, being broader in
female than in male and in both sexes produced at the infero-posteal corner
to a short, narrowly rounded lobe, posterior edge distinctly serrate. Last
pair of uropoda reaching considerably beyond the others, and having the
inner ramus small, scale-like, the outer elongated and densely fringed with
ciliated sete. Telson comparatively small, each half having at the tip one
or two small spinules. Length of adult female 15 mm., of male 16 mm.
Remarks. — In all essential points the description and figures given by
Eichwald of his G. hemobaphes would seem to accord with the species
above characterised, though they certainly are not detailed enough to give
full evidence of the identity of both. The description of Eichwald, it is
true, was made out from specimens collected in the Black Sea, but he be-
lieve that the same species also occurs in the Caspian Sea and that the form
recorded by Pallas as G. pulex is most probably the same. As indeed
several species both of Myside, Cumacea and Amphipoda have been stated
to be common to the two Seas, I cannot see any reason, why not the same
could be the case with the present species. In every case there is but little
chance of believing that the name proposed by Eichwald should be restored
by other authors, and it may thus be properly applied to the form in ques-
tion. The species may be best distinguished from the earlier known forms
by the armature of the urosome and the rudimentary condition of the inner
ramus of the last pair of uropoda, as also by the structure of the gnatho-
poda in the two sexes.
A form very nearly allied to the one here treated of has been collected
by Dr. Grimm in great profusion in the southern and middle part of the
Caspian Sea, partly from very considerable depths. This form, which has
been named by that naturalist Gammarus robustus'), may perhaps turn out
to be only a variety of the present species, though it differs markedly by its
larger size, the more slender form of the several appendage, and by the
shape of the dorsal tubercles of the urosome, which are developed nearly in
a similar manner to that in G. caspius.
1) This name has been preoccupied in the year 1875 by Prof. S. Smith for a North-
American species.
Ou3.-Mar. erp. 216. 33
=~!
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 21
Description of the female.
The largest fémale specimens in the collection of Mr. Warpachowsky
reach a length of 15 mm., but there are also fully adult ovigerous specimens
of much inferior size.
In its general appearance (see fig. 1) the animal looks very like the
well known typical species, G. marinus, locusta and pulex. As in the
latter, the body appears rather slender and compressed, with the mesosome
and metasome quite smooth throughout and the back evenly rounded, with-
out any trace of keel or projections. The urosome (see also fig. 3) is of
moderate size, and has the 2 anterior segments each elevated dorsally to a
small ¢onical tubercle carrying at the tip 2 minute, juxtaposed spinules ac-
companied by a pair of fine hairs. Besides the 1st segment has on each side
of the dorsal face a single spinule, and 2 such spinules occur on the same
place in the last segment.
The cephalon (fig. 2) about equals in length the first 2 segments of
mesosome combined, and appears almost transversely truncated at the tip,
the rostral projection being extremely small. The lateral lobes are rather
broad and somewhat obliquely truncated, with the inferior corner the more
prominent. They are defined form the postantennal corners by a very deep,
nearly angular emargination encircling the greatly swollen basal joint of
the inferior antenne.
The 4 anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size, being somewhat
deeper than the corresponding segments, and successively increase in size
posteriorly. The 3 anterior pairs are nearly quadrangular in shape, whereas
the 4th pair exhibit a rather irregular form, having their outer part
considerably expanded and angularly produced below the posterior emar-
gination.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively small and of
the usual shape.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, the 2 posterior
pairs being, as usual, larger than the anterior pair and both but very
slightly produced at the lateral corners.
The eyes (see fig. 2) are of moderate size and of a pronouncedly reni-
form shape, with well developed visual elements and dark pigment.
The superior antennz (see fig. 1) nearly attain half the length of the
body, and are rather slender and but very sparingly setiferous. The joits
of the peduncle successively diminish in size, the Ist being much the largest
and equalling in length the other 2 combined. The flagellum is nearly twice
as long as the peduncle, and composed of numerous short articulations. The
u3,-Mar. crp. 217. 39
218 G. 0. SARS,
accessory appendage (fig. 5) is rather fully developed, equalling half the
length of the peduncle, and is composed of about 7 articulations.
The inferior antennz, as in most of the typical Gammari, are shorter
than the superior and somewhat more densely setiferous. The last 2 joints
of the peduncle are nearly equal-sized and combined somewhat longer than
the flagellum, which is composed of about 8 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 6 and 7) are rather unequal in size, the posterior
ones (fig. 7) being much stronger than the anterior. In structure they agree
rather closely with those in the female of the preceding species, the carpus
being in both pairs comparatively short and expanded distally, with a
rounded setiferous lobe below. The propodos in both pairs considerably ex-
ceeds in length the 3 preceding joints combined, and in the posterior pair
is much larger and more tumid than in the anterior. The palm is somewhat
oblique and defined below by an obtuse angle carrying a strong spine
followed by a few much shorter ones. The hind margin of the propodos in
both pairs is provided with numerous small tufts of bristles.
Of the pereiopoda, the 2 anterior pairs (fig. 8) exhibit the usual slender
form. The 3 posterior pairs are, on the other hand, rather stout and have
their outer part edged with fascicles of strong spines and scattered bristles.
As usual, the antepenultimate pair (fig. 9) are considerably shorter than
the 2 sueceding ones, and have the basal joint of a somewhat irregular
quadrangular form, with the infero-posteal corner nearly rectangular. In
the penultimate pair (fig. 10) the basal joint is somewhat larger and more
expanded in its proximal part, the posterior edge being boldly curved above
and not all produced at the infero-posteal corner. The last pair (fig. 11)
about equal in Jength the penultimate pair, and have the basal joint much
larger than in any of the preceding pairs and of a rounded quadrangular
shape, forming posteriorly a broad laminar expansion, which terminates
below in a short, narrowly rounded lobe. The posterior edge of the ex-
pansion js slightly curved and, as in the 2 preceding pairs, exhibits a number
of distinct serrations, each carrying a small hair.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 12 and 19) are normal in structure,
though less coarsely spinous than in the preceding species, their inner ramus
having only a single lateral spine and the outer no lateral spines at all.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 13) considerably project beyond the others,
and on the whole agree in their structure with those in the preceding species;
the inner ramus being very small and scale-like, whereas the outer is rather
elongated and densely edged with long ciliated setee, and having besides a
few fascicles of short spines. The terminal joint of the ramus is very small
$n3.-Mart. crp. 218. . 40
he OT Fee
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 219
and nearly hidden between the spines issuing from the tip of the proximal
joint.
The telson (fig: 14) is comparatively small, being scarcely as long as it
is broad at the base. It is, as usual, divided by a deep cleft into 2 halves,
each of which is somewhat narrowed in its outer part and armed with a
single small apical spine accompanied by a pair of simple hairs.
The adult male (fig. 15) is generally somewhat larger than the female,
reaching a length of about 16 mm. The body does not differ much in its
general form from that in the female, except in being somewhat more com-
pressed, and having the coxal plates less deep.
The antenne are, as usual, somewhat more fully developed than in the
female, and especially the inferior ones more strongly built and generally
also more densely setiferous. The accessory appendage of the superior ones
(fig. 16) appears more elongated and is composed of a greater number of
articulations amounting to 9 in all.
The gnathopoda are still more unequally developed than in the female,
the anterior ones (fig. 17) chiefly differing from those in the latter by the
propodos being somewhat more elongated. The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 18),
on the other hand, are of quite an unusual size, the propodos being exceed-
ingly large, nearly occupying the half length of the leg. It is of a somewhat
obpyriform shape, being not fully twice as long as it is broad, and, as in
the female, has the palm rather oblique and quite straight, without any
lateral spine in the middle. The hind margin is in some specimens very
densely setous, and the dactylus is strong and curved.
The pereiopoda are perhaps a little more slender than in the female,
and the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs somewhat narrower.
The last pair of uropoda (see fig. 15) are, as usual, more fully developed
than in the female, attaining about the length of the urosome, and have the
marginal sete of the outer ramus longer and more coarsely ciliated.
The telson (fig. 20) is of the very same shape as in the female; but
generally 2, instead of a single spine, are found on the tip of each of the
terminal lobes.
Colour. — According to Kichwald, the body, in the living state of the
animal, exhibits a brownish green colour, the posterior edges of the seg-
ments being on each side tinged with pink.
Occurrence. — This form has been collected. by Mr. Warpachowsky
‘jn 7 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea, but in none of the Stations
it would,seem to have occurred in any abundance. Of the Stations 2 (St. 16
and 17) are located off the island Swjatoj, a third (St. 24) between the
islands Kulaly and Morskoy, 2 others (St. 31 and 32) about midway be-
u3.-Mar. orp. 219, 4)
220 G. 0. SARS,
tween the peninsula Mangyschlak and the opposite western coast, another
(St. 40) north of the promontory Kossa Brjanskaja, the last, finally (St. 63),
in the eastern part of the North Caspian Sea.
Besides, some specimens preserved in the Museum of St. Petersburgh
from older time, and collected by Goebel and y. Baer partly at Baku,
partly at the island Sara, would seem to be referable to this species.
Typical specimens of this form have been collected by Dr. Grimm at
Baku in comparatively shallow water, as also in the middle part of the
Caspian Sea, from the shores down to 40 fathoms.
Distribution. — The Black Sea (Eichwald).
@us,.-Mar. crp. 220, 42
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 221
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Pl, I.
Boeckia spinosa, Grimm.
Fig. 1, Adult female, viewed from left side. Fig. 10. Left mandible with palp.
» 2. Same, dorsal view. » 11, Right mandible, without the palp.
» 8, Left superior antenna. » 12. First pair of maxille.
» 4, Left inferior antenna. » 13, Second maxilla.
» 5. Urosome with its appendages, viewed | » 14. Maxillipeds, without the right palp.
from left side. » 15. Left anterior gnathopod, with the cor-
» 6. Telson viewed from above. responding coxal plate.
» 7%, Last uropod. » 16. Left posterior gnathopod, with the cor-
» 8. Anterior lip. responding coxal plate, branchial and
» 9. Posterior lip. incubatory lamella.
Pl: I:
Boeckia spinosa, Grimm,
(continued).
Fig. 1. Adult male, dorsal view. Fig. 5. Antepenultimate pereiopod, with coxal
» 2. Left anterior gnathopod, with the cor- plate and branchial lamella.
responding coxal plate. » 6, Penultimate pereiopod.
» 3, Left posterior gnathopod, with the cor-| » 7. Last pereiopod.
responding coxal plate and branchial} » 8. Second uropod.
lamella. » 9, Last uropod.
» 4. Second pereiopod with the correspond-| » 10. A very young specimen, viewed from
ing coxal plate. left side.
Pi. III.
Gmelina costata, Grimm.
Fig. 1. Adult female, viewed from left side. Fig. 11. Left anterior gnathopod, with the cor-
» 2, Cephalon with the base of the left in- responding coxal plate.
ferior antenna, lateral view. » 12. Left posterior gnathopod.
» 8. Part of the right superior antenna,| » 13. Last pereiopod.
showing the accessory appendage and | » 14. Second uropod.
the base of the flagellum. » 15, Last uropod.
» 4, Anterior lip. » 16, Telson, from above.
» 5, Posterior lip. » 17. Adult male, viewed from right side.
» 6. Right mandible, without the palp. » 18. Same, dorsal view.
» 7. Left mandible with palp. » 19. Right anterior gnathopod.
» 8. First maxilla. » 20. Right posterior gnathopod.
» 9, Second maxilla. » 21. First uropod.
» 10. Maxillipeds, without the right palp. » 22. Last uropod.
PIL
Gmelina Kusnezowi, (Sowinsky).
Fig. 1. Adult female, viewed from left side. Fig. 4. Left anterior gnathopod, with part of
» 2. Cephalon with the base of the left in- the corresponding coxal plate.
ferior antenna, lateral view. » 5. Left posterior gnathopod.
» 8, Part of the right superior antenna,| » 6. First pereiopod.
showing the accessory appendage and| » 7. Antepenultimate pereiopod, with coxal
the base of the flagellum. plate.
@u3,-Mar, erp. 221. 43
G. 0. SARS,
8. Last pereiopod. Fig. 13. Same, dorsal view.
9, Second uropod. » 14. Right anterior gnathopod.
10, Last uropod. » 15. Right posterior gnathopod.
11. Telson, from above. » 16, Last uropod.
12. Adult male, viewed from right side. » 17. Telson, from above.
Pl Ni
Amathillina cristata, Grimm.
1. Adult female, viewed from left side. Fig. 11. Left anterior gnathopod, with the cor-
2. Same, dorsal view. responding coxal plate.
8. Part of the left superior antenna, show-}| » 12. Left posterior gnathopod, with coxal
ing the accessory appendage and the plate, branchial and ineubatory la-
base of the flagellum, melle.
4, Anterior lip. » 13. Second pereiopod with coxal plate.
5. Posterior lip. » 14, Antepenultimate pereiopod.
6 Left mandible, without the palp. » 15. Penultimate pereiopod.
7. Right mandible with palp. » 16. Last pereiopod.
8. First maxilla. » 17. First uropod.
8a (not numbered in the plate). Palp of] » 18. Second uropod.
the right maxilla of same pair. » 19. Last uropod.
9. Second maxilla. » 20. Telson.
10. Maxillipeds, without the right palp.
Pavel
1;
2.
3.
Amathillina cristata, Grimm,
(continued).
Adult male, viewed from left side.
Cephalon with the base of the left in-
ferior antenna, lateral view.
Left anterior gnathopod with coxal
plate.
ODNooP,
. Left posterior gnathopod.
. Base of penultimate pereiopod.
. Last pereiopod.
. Last uropod.
. Telson.
Amathillina affinis, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 9. Adult male, viewed from right side.
»
10.
Cephalon of a female specimen, lateral
view.
. Right anterior gnathopod of female,
with the corresponding coxal plate.
. Right posterior gnathopod of same,
with coxal plate, branchial and in-
cubatory lamelle.
Fig.
»
PIS Ils
13.
14,
15.
16.
17.
18
19
Antepenultimate pereiopod.
Penultimate pereiopod.
Last pereiopod.
Last uropod.
Telson.
. Right anterior gnathopod of a male
specimen.
. Right posterior gnathopod of same.
Gammarus caspius, Pallas.
. Adult female, viewed from left side.
. Cephalon with the base of the right
inferior antenna, lateral view.
. Accessory appendage of a superior
antenna.
. Left anterior gnathopod, with coxal
plate.
. Left posterior gnathopod, with coxal
plate, branchial and incubatory la-
mellie.
. Second pereiopod with coxal plate.
. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
. Last pereiopod.
. First uropod.
u3.-Mar. erp. 222.
Fig.
10.
ilk
12.
13.
14,
15.
16.
17.
Second uroped.
Last uropod.
Telson.
Adult male, viewed from right side.
Part of the left superior antenna,
showing the last peduncular joint, the
accessory appendage, and the base of
the flagellum.
Part of the 2 anterior segments of
urosome, showing the dorsal tubercles,
lateral view.
Right anterior gnathopod.
Right posterior gnathopod, without the
proximal part of the basal joint.
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 223
n
Pl. VII.
Gammarus hemobaphes, Eichwald.
1. Adult female, Viewed from left side. Fig. 9. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
2. Cephalon with the base of left inferior] » 10. Base of penultimate pereiopod.
antenna, lateral view. » 11. Last pereiopod.
3. Urosome with telson, but without the] » 12. Second uropod.
uropoda, lateral view. » 13, Last uropod.
4, Lateral corner of last epimeral plate| » 14. Telson.
of metasome. » 15, Adult male, viewed from right side.
5. Accessory appendage of a superior] » 16. Accessory appendage of a superior
antenna. antenna.
6. Left anterior gnathopod, with coxal| » 17. Right anterior gnathopod, with coxal
plate. plate.
7. Left posterior gnathopod, with coxal] » 18. Right posterior gnathopod.
plate, branchial and incubatory la-} » 19. First uropod.
melle. » 20. Telson.
8. First pereiopod.
——>}<—__
@u3.-Mar. erp. 223. 45
Ae
~
“ing
6.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda.Pl.I..
& x
| G.0.Sers. autoar. ; f
: Boeckia spinosa,Grimm.
,
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Boeckia spinosa,Grimm. (contin.)
G.0. Sars Crustacea caspia.
G.0.Sars autogr.
Amphipoda.PL Il.
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Gmelina costata, Grimm.
G.0.Sars autogr.
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda. PL.
G.0.Sars autogr.
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OLPJIABJIEHIE. — SOMMAIRE.
Vispreyenia 135 ane TOROS sacbra-
Hifi Akazemin. f
C. Kopmuncril. Sambrka o bxoropsix
BuAAXD Jurinea .
B. Cepaipumose. Hadmogenia Hal uAT-
Hamu Ha wuckh IOnutepa (cb xRyma
Tadsunamn puc.) .
C. Koctuucnii. O napasaakch aph3anl p
Kaccionen .
8. Bpequxuu. Vsogunamn i CHEXpOHE
Kometit 1893 r. IV (cb 1 Ta6a. puc,)
. 0. Capes. Kacniiicxia paxoodpasnsia
Marepiasbi 110 usyyeHia KapnuHos0-
ruveckoit eaynnr Kacuilickaro mopa
(ct 8 Ta6sunamu puc.). .
178
Extraits de procés verbaux des séances-
de PAcadémie. .
S. Korshinsky. Note sur quelques espaces
de Jurinea.. . ;
W. Séraphimof. inci ktions des taches. :
sur le disque de Jupiter (avec deux
planches) .
S. Kostinsky. Sur la parallaxe de 6 Cassio- !
peiae.. ets
Th. Brédikhine. Les isodynames et les syn-
chrones de la cométe 1893 IV (avec ”
une planche).
G. 0. Sars. Crustacea caspia. ‘Contribu-
tions to the knowledge of the Carcino-
logival Fauna of the Caspian Sea (tt =
8 autographic plates) . ager
Haneyarano no pacnopaxenito Umurratorckoi Axazemin Hayr's.
Henpembunniii cexpetapp, Axagemunn H. Ayopoouns.
Cenraépp 1894 rv,
THUOPPAPIA MMUEPATOPCKOM AKAZEMIM HAYKS.
Bac. Ocrp., 9 aunia, Ne 12.
178
Ms bBBCTIA
HMITEPATOPCKOM AKA,EMIN HAVE’.
TOM I. Ne 4.
1894. ZEKRABPSB.
BULLETIN
EAGADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES
DE
~ §T.-PETERSBOURG.
Ve SERIE. VOLUME I.’ ®& 4.
1894 DECEMBRE.
Se ++ et
C.-TTETEPBYPI"b. 1894. ST.- PETERSBOURG.
aeaeres y komuccionepont AmneratorcKon Commissionnaires de Académie IMPERIALE
Axkagemin Hayr: des Sciences:
uM. Piasyioe M. Errepca u Komn, u K. J. Pukkepa MM. J. Glasoumof, Eggers & Cie. et C. Ricker d
Bb C, -Ierep6yprs. St.-Péte rg
H. Kummena BD Purb M. N. Kymmel a Riga.
occ» (fF. Faccenb) BB Jetonurs. Voss’ Sortiment (G. Haessel) 4 Leipzig.
Iona: 1p. — Prix: 2 Mk. 50 Pf.
U3BECTIA UMNEPATOPCHOM AKAAEMIM HAYHD. 1894. No 4 (A EKABPb),
(Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg.
1894. Décembre. Ne 4.)
I
Crustacea caspia.
Contributions to the knowledge of the Carcinological Fauna
of the Caspian Sea.
By G. O. Sars,
Professor of Zoology at the University of Christiania, Norway.
Part III.
2 IVE Et ery AS
Second Article:
Gammaride (continued);
with 8 autographic plates.
(Lu le 28 septembre 1894),
8. Gammarus Warpachowskyi, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. IX).
Specific Characters, — Body comparatively slender and compressed,
with the back perfectly smooth. Lateral lobes of cephalon forming in front
a distinct angle, and being defined behind by a very slight emargination.
Anterior pairs of coxal plates of moderate size, and edged distally with
short, scattered bristles; 1st pair scarcely expanded in their outer part;
4th pair not as broad as they are deep. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates
of metasome slightly produced at the lateral corners. Urosome without any
dorsal projections, but having on each of the segments dorsally a fascicle of
delicate hairs, from among which, in the 2nd segment, rise 2 small spinules, the
last 2 segments being moreover armed on each side of the dorsal face with
2 or 3 juxtaposed spines. Eyes of moderate size, and oblong oval in form.
Superior antennz scarcely exceeding in length '/, of the body, joints of the
peduncle successively diminishing in size, flagellum somewhat longer than
the peduncle, accessory appendage small, biarticulate. Inferior antenne
shorter than the superior, and in male provided with a very conspicuous
clothing of extremely delicate and slender sensory hairs. Gnathopoda in fe-
u3.-Mar. erp. 323. 1
344 G. 0. SARS,
male comparatively feeble, in male much stronger and nearly equal-sized,
with the propodos subclavate in form. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda rather
narrow; the 3 posterior pairs comparatively strongly built and but little
elongated, with the carpal joint rather short; basal joint of last pair slightly
expanded, with the posterior edge almost angularly bent below the middle.
Last pair of uropoda scarcely as long as the urosome, inner ramus very
small, outer one somewhat flattened, with several fascicles of spines, but
without ciliated set, terminal joint small. Telson short and broad, nearly
semicircular in outline, each half armed with 3 slender lateral spines anda
single apical one, cleft very narrow. Length of adult female 6 mm., of male
7 mm.
Remarks. — The present new species, which I have much pleasure in
dedicating to the diligent explorer of the North Caspian Sea, Mr. Warpa-
chowsky, is easily distinguishable from the other species here described by
the angularly produced lateral lobes of the cephalon, the dense hairy cloth-
ing of the inferior antenne in the male, and the structure of the gnatho-
poda in that sex, and finally, by the comparatively short and stout posterior
pairs of pereiopoda, and more particularly the peculiar shape of the basal
joint in the last pair.
Description of the female,
The length of fully adult, ovigerous specimens scarcely exceeds 6 mm.,
and this form accordingly belongs to the smaller species of the genus.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is rather slender and compressed, and
the back perfectly smooth, without any trace of dorsal projections.
The cephalon (fig. 2) about equals in length the first 2 segments of me-
sosome combined, and is but very slightly produced in front. The lateral
lobes are not very prominent, and terminate anteriorly in an acutangular
corner, they being defined behind by a very slight emargination.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size, and fringed on
their distal edge with scattered bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 5) are scarcely
expanded distally, being obtusely truncated at the tip. The 3 succeeding pairs
(see fig. 6) are but little broader, and have the extremity somewhat obliquely
truncated. The 4th pair (see fig. 7) are, as usual, the largest, though not
nearly as broad as they are deep, and have the posterior expansion vertically
truncated and edged with 4 bristles.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates (see figs. 8—10) exhibit the usual
shape.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, the 1st pair being
rounded, whereas the other 2 have the lateral corners slightly produced.
$n3.-Mar. etp. 324. 9
2
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 345
The urosome (comp. fig. 19) does not exhibit any distinct dorsal pro-
jections; but each segment has, in the middle of the dorsal face, a fascicle
of fine hairs. In thé 2nd segment 2 small spinules are found among the
hairs, and this segment has moreover on each side of the dorsal face an
obliquely transverse row of 3 somewhat stronger spines accompanied by 2
or 3 small hairs. In the last segment occurs a similar row of lateral spines,
but their number is here only 2 on each side.
The eyes (see fig. 2) are of moderate size and oblong oval in form, being
placed close to the anterior edges of the cephalon, and extending below
nearly to the inferior edge of the lateral lobes. They have the visual elements
well developed and the pigment dark.
The superior antenne (fig. 3) are not very much elongated, scarcely ex-
ceeding in length 1/, of the body, and but sparingly supplied with short bristles.
The joints of the peduncle successively diminish in size, the last one being
about half the length of the 1st. The flagellum somewhat exceeds the peduncle
in length, and is composed of only 9 articulations. The accessory appendage
is very small, considerably shorter than the last peduncular joint, and is
composed of only 2 articulations, the last of which is extremely minute.
The inferior antenne (fig. 4) are considerably shorter than the superior,
and have the last 2 joints of the peduncle nearly of same length, and pro-
vided with scattered fascicles of slender bristles. The flagellum is about half
the length of the peduncle, and composed of 5 articulations.
The anterior gnathopoda (fig. 5) are comparatively small, with the car-
pus rather short and expanded below to a rounded setiferous lobe. The pro-
podos is oval quadrangular in form, with about 3 fascicles of bristles below,
and a single one above, near the tip. The palm is short and almost trans-
verse, being defined below by an obtuse angle carrying a few slender spines
and several bristles. The dactylus is not very strong.
The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 6) are not at all stronger than the ante-
rior, but a little more slender, with the carpus somewhat larger, and the
* propodos longer in proportion to its breadth.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 7) are rather narrow and edged
with fascicles of slender spines.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 8—10 are on the whole com-
paratively short and stout, and have their outer part edged with fascicles of
slender spines. The last 2 pairs are about same length, whereas the ante-
penultimate pair are, as usual, somewhat shorter. In all pairs the carpal joint
is comparatively short and thick, not nearly attaining to the length of the pro-
podal one. The basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 8) is subquadrangular
in form, with the posterior edge nearly straight, and the infero-posteal corner
n3.-Mar. orp, 325. 3
346 G. 0. SARS,
somewhat produced; that of the penultimate pair (fig. 9) is considerably
broader in its proximal part than at the end, being expanded above to a
rounded lobe edged with about 4 bristles. The basal jomt of the last pair
(fig. 10) is considerably broader than that of the 2. preceding pairs, being
greatly expanded posteriorly, with the edge of the expansion fringed with
several strong bristles, and almost angularly bent below the middle.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 11, 12) have the rami subequal
and linear in form, each being tipped by a number of spines, one of which
is more elongated than the others. The inner ramus has besides a small la-
teral spine about in the middle of the upper edge; otherwise the rami are
quite smooth.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 13) do not attain the length of the uro-
some, and have the inner ramus very small, with a minute apical spine
accompanied by 2 small hairs. The outer ramus is comparatively broad and
flattened, though tapering distally. It is devoid of ciliated sete, but has on
the outer edge 3 fascicles of spines accompanied by a few simple bristles,
and on the inner edge 2 similar fascicles. The terminal joint is rather small
and narrow conical in form, being surrounded by several spines and bristles
issuing from the end of the proximal joint. ;
The telson (fig. 14) is comparatively short and broad, nearly semicircu-
lar in outline, each half being armed with 3 slender lateral spines and a
single apical one accompanied by 2 small hairs. The cleft is very narrow,
and as usual extends to the very base of the telson.
The adult male (fig. 15) is a little larger than the female, attaining a
length of 7 mm.
In the general form of the body it does not differ much from the female,
though, as usual, somewhat more slender and compressed, and haying the coxal
plates shallower.
The superior antenne are nearly of same appearance as in the female,
whereas the inferior ones (fig. 16) are very markedly distinguished by a
dense clothing of extremely delicate and slender sensory bristles, arranged
in several fascicles along the posterior edge of both the peduncle and the
flagellum, giving these organs a brush-like appearance.
The gnathopoda (figs. 17, 18) are much more strongly built than in
the female, and nearly equal both in size and structure, exhibiting anaspect
rather similar to that met with in the males of the genera Gmelina and
Amathillina. As in those genera, the propodos in both pairs is very large
and almost clavate in shape, with the palm much shorter than the hind mar-
gin and slightly concave, being defined below by a somewhat projecting cor-
ner armed with 2 strong spines. The dactylus is rather strong and curved,
Pu3.-Mar. erp. 326. 4
ORUSTACEA CASPIA. easel
and impinges, when closed, with the tip inside the inferior corner of the
propodos,
The pereiopoda€xhibit exactly the same structure as in the female.
The last pair of uropoda are perhaps a little larger, but otherwise do
not differ in their structure from those in the female.
Occurrence. — This form has been collected by Mr. Warpachowsky
in 9 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea. Of these, one (St. 50) is
located off the Tschistyi-Bank, another (St. 61) far north, outside the Bai
Bogatuj Kultuk, 2 others (St. 54, 55) at some distance north of the islands
Kulaly and Morskoy, the remaining Stations (17, 21, 27, 29, 52) distri-
buted over the tract north of the peninsula Mangyschlak. In none of the
Stations.did it occur in any abundance.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm, this form is represented by a few spe-
cimens collected in the Bai of Baku, partly in quite shallow water, among
grass, partly from a depth of 2—3 fathoms.
9. Gammarus minutus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. X, figs. 1—26).
Specific Characters. — Body comparatively short and stout, with
evenly rounded back. Lateral lobes of cephalon somewhat projecting and
broadly rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates of moderate size
and rather densely setous at the distal edge; Ist pair very slightly widening
distally; 4th pair not so broad as they are deep. The last 2 pairs of epime-
ral plates of metasome nearly rectangular. Urosome comparatively short and
somewhat gibbous above, the 1st segment partly overlapping the 2nd dor-
sally, both having a very small dorsal fascicle of hairs; last segment with a
single spinule on each side. Eyes not very large, and oblong oval in form.
Superior antennze but little longer than the inferior, and having the basal
joint rather large, flagellum about the length of the peduncle, accessory ap-
pendage 3-articulate. Gnathopoda in female comparatively small and nearly
equal-sized; those in male much more powerful and rather unequal, propo-
dos of the anterior ones obpyriform, of the posterior ones very large and
oval quadrangular in form. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda rather densely se-
tous, and having the meral joint somewhat expanded; the 3 posterior pairs
moderately slender; basal joint of last pair very large, forming posteriorly a
broadly rounded expansion somewhat projecting at the infero-posteal corner.
Last pair of uropoda with the imner ramus very small, outer one sublinear,
with a single fascicle of spines about in the middle of the outer edge; terminal
joint small. Telson with the lateral lobes comparatively narrow and tipped
@n3.-Mar. erp. 327. 5
348 G. 0. SARS,
with 2 spines, cleft rather wide. Length of adult female 4 mm., of male
5 mm.
Remarks. —'This is a very small species, indeed the smallest as yet
known, and is also easily distinguished from the preceding species by the
comparatively stout body, the short and, as it were, gibbous urosome, and
by the structure of the gnathopoda and pereiopoda. :
Description of the female.
The length of fully adult, ovigerous specimens scarcely exceeds 4 mm.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) appears on the whole rather short and
stout, being not nearly so much compressed as in the preceding species. As
in the latter, the back is quite smooth throughout, and broadly rounded.
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of mesosome
combined, and has the lateral lobes somewhat projecting and broadly round-
ed at the tip, being defined from the postantennal corners by a rather deep
emargination, encircling the large, globular basal joint of the inferior an-
tenne.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are nearly twice as deep as the
corresponding segments, and have their distal edge densely fringed with
delicate bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 4) are slightly expanded in their
outer part, whereas the 2 succeeding pairs (see fig. 5) are almost of equal
breadth throughout. The 4th pair (see fig. 6) are, as usual, larger than the
preceding pairs, being somewhat expanded below the posterior emargination,
though not nearly as broad as they are deep.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, the 1st pair
being, as usual, the smallest, and evenly rounded, whereas the 2 posterior
pairs terminate in an angle.
The urosome (see fig. 1) is comparatively short and stout, without any
dorsal projections, but having the dorsal face of the first 2 segments strongly
convex, and as it were gibbous The 2nd segment is very short in its dorsal
part, being to some extent overlapped by the 1st, and, like the latter, has
dorsally a small fascicle of hairs, whereas lateral spinules are wholly absent.
The last segment has on either side a single small spinule, but no dorsal fascicle.
The eyes are not very large, but of an oblong oval form, with well-de-
veloped visual elements and dark pigment.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) are comparatively short, but little exceeding
in length 1/, of the body, and have the 1st joint of the peduncle rather large,
nearly twice as long as the other 2 combined. The flagellum is about the
length of the peduncle, and composed of only 8 articulations. The accessory
us.-Mar. erp. 328. 6
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 349
appendage equals in length ¥/, of the flagellum, and is composed of 3 distinctly
defined articulations.
The inferior ant@nne (fig. 3) are a little shorter than the superior, and
have the antepenultimate joint of the peduncle rather thick, and projecting
posteriorly as an angle tipped by several slender bristles. The penultimate
joint forms likewise posteriorly a slight angular expansion provided with
a number of slender bristles, and is somewhat longer than the last one.
The flagellum is about half the length of the peduncle, and is composed of
only 4 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4, 5) are rather small, and almost exactly of same
shape, the propodos being in both pairs of an oval quadrangular form, with
the palm rather short and almost transverse.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are rather densely supplied
with slender bristles, and haye the meral joint comparatively large and
expanded distally.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 7—9) are moderately slender
and but little different in length, having their outer part edged with fas-
cicles of slender bristles. The basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 7)
is rather broad and subquadrangular in form, with the infero-posteal corner
nearly rectangular; that of the penultimate pair (fig. 8) is considerably
narrower, though somewhat expanded in its proximal part. The last pair
(fig. 9) differ considerably from the others in the unusually large size of the
basal joint, which forms posteriorly a very broad and evenly rounded expan-
sion edged with a few small hairs, and projecting below asa broadly rounded
lobe reaching somewhat beyond the ischial joint.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 10) have the rami quite smooth
except at the tip, which carries the usual fascicle of spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 11) are of moderate size, with the inner
ramus very small and tipped by a single minute spinule. The outer ramus
_ is narrow linear in shape, and only provided with a single lateral fascicle of
spines occutring somewhat beyond the middle of the outer edge. The terminal
joint is very small, narrow conical in form, and tipped by 3 small bristles.
The telson (fig. 16) has the lateral halves rather narrow and each armed
on the obtusely pointed tip, with 2 small spinules. The cleft, which, as
usual, extends to the base of the telson, gradually widens distally.
The adult male (fig. 12) is a little larger than the female, attaining a
length of about 5 mm.
It resembles the female in the general form of the body, but is easily
recognized by the somewhat shallower coxal plates, and especially by the
structure of the gnathopoda.
u3.-Mar. corp. 329, 7
350 G. 0. SARS,
The latter appendages (figs. 13, 14) are much more powerfully develop-
ed than in the female, and also rather unequal in size, the posterior ones
(fig. 14) being much stronger than the anterior, with the propodos very
large and of an oval quadrangular form. In the anterior pair (fig. 13) the
propodos is also rather large, as compared with that in the female, but much
narrower than in the posterior pair, and nearly obpyriform in shape, with
the palm very oblique. In both pairs the palm is defined below by a distinct,
though somewhat obtuse angle armed with several strong spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 15) are a little larger than in the female,
about equalling in length the urosome, but are otherwise of much the same
structure.
Occurrence. — Of this form, a few specimens were collected by Mr.
Warpachowsky at St. 52, lying north of the island Swjatoj. This is the
only place where the species has hitherto been found. In the collection of |
Dr. Grimm I have not yet succeeded in detecting any specimen of this
species.
10. Gammarus macrurus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. X, figs. 17—27).
Specific Characters. — Body slender and quite smooth throughout.
Lateral lobes of cephalon somewhat projecting and evenly rounded at the
tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather large and closely contiguous; 1st
pair slightly widening distally; 4th pair very large, being fully as broad as
they are deep. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome obtusely
produced at the lateral corners. Urosome rather slender and smooth above;
last segment with a small spinule on either side. Eyes of moderate size and
oblong oval in form. Antenne rather short and equal-sized, but little exceed-
ing in length '/, of the body, the superior ones with the 1st joint of the
peduncle rather large, flagellum about the length of the peduncle, accessory ~
appendage 3-articulate. Gnathopoda in female extremely small “and feeble,
with the propodos scarcely larger than the carpus. Anterior pairs of perei-
opoda normally developed; the 3 posterior pairs moderately slender; basal
joint of antepenultimate pair rather broad and rounded at the infero-posteal
corner, that of last pair considerably expanded and of regular oval form..
Last pair of uropoda considerably exceeding the urosome in length, inner
ramus small, outer very much elongated, with the terminal joint well de-
veloped, being about half the length of the proximal one. Telson rather nar-
row, each half having 1 lateral and 1 apical spine, cleft narrow. Length of
adult female 6 mm.
us.-Mar. erp. 330. 8
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 351
Remarks. — This species may be readily distinguished from the 2 pre-
ceding ones by the very slender form of body, the comparatively small and
equal-sized antenna, the extremely feeble gnathopoda, and especially by the
very much elongated last pair of uropoda, which latter characteristic has
given rise to the specific name. Only female specimens have hitherto come
under my inspection.
Description of the female,
Fully adult, ovigerous specimens scarcely exceed 6 mm. in length, and
accordingly, this species also belongs to the small-sized species of the genus.
The form of the body (see fig. 17) is very slender and compressed, with
the back perfectly smooth throughout.
The cephalon scarcely attains the length of the first 2 segments of meso-
some combined, and has the lateral lobes somewhat projecting and broadly
rounded at the tip, being defined behind by a rather deep emargination.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively large and closely
contiguous, forming together on each side a perfectly continuous wall. Their
distal edge is only fringed with very small and scattered bristles. The 1st
pair (see fig. 19) are slightly expanded in their outer part, and obtusely
truncated at the tip; the 2 succeeding pairs are of a more regular, oblong
quadrangular form. The 4th pair (see fig. 21) are very large and greatly
expanded in their outer part, being fully as broad as they are deep, and
exhibiting an irregularly angular shape, with the posterior expansion verti-
cally truncated.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are comparatively large, the last
2 being produced at the lateral corners to a somewhat obtuse point.
The urosome is rather slender and perfectly smooth above, with only a
very small spinule on each side of the dorsal face in the last segment.
The eyes are of moderate size and oblong oval form, with well-developed
visual elements and dark pigment.
The antenne (see fig. 17) are unusually short and nearly equal-sized,
scarcely exceeding in length '/, of the body, and are supplied with scattered
fascicles of slender bristles. The superior ones (fig. 18) have the Ist joint of
the peduncle very large, being nearly twice as long as the other 2 combined,
The 3rd joint is rather short, scarcely longer than it is broad. The flagellum
is about the length of the peduncle, and composed of 6 articulations only.
The accessory appendage about equals in length the last 2 peduncular joints
combined, and is composed of 3 articulations. The inferior antenne nearly
agree in their structure with those in (@. minutus.
~ The gnathopoda (figs. 19, 20) are extremely small and feeble, the post-
ns.-Mar. crp. 331. 9
352 G. 0. SARS,
erior ones being somewhat more slender than the anterior. The propodos in
both pairs is scarcely broader than the carpus and about equals it in length.
In the posterior pair both the carpus and the propodos appear somewhat
more elongated than in the anterior one.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 21) are of moderate size and
resemble those in G. minutus, except that the meral joint is somewhat less
expanded.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 22—-24) are rather slender,
and have their outer part supplied with fascicles of slender bristles. The
basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 22) is very broad and of a
rounded quadrangular form, with the infero-posteal corner rounded off; that
of the penultimate pair (fig. 23) is considerably smaller, and has the post-
erior edge evenly curved. The last pair (fig. 24) have, as usual, the basal
joint larger than that of the 2 preceding pairs and of a rather regular oval
form, with the posterior edge but slightly curved, and the infero-posteal
corner expanded to a rounded lobe reaching about to the end of the ischial
joint. The outer part of these legs, in all the specimens, was broken off.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 25) have the rami equal-sized and
narrow linear in form, being edged with a few lateral spines in addition to
the usual apical ones.
The last pair of wropoda (fig. 26) are remarkable by their unusual length,
even considerably exceeding that of the urosome. The basal part is com-
paratively short, and armed at the end below with a transverse row of
strong spines. The inner ramus, as in most of the Caspian species, is very
small, terminating with 2 slender spines. The outer ramus, on the other
hand, is unusually elongated and rather slender, with the terminal joint well
developed and occupying about the third part of the length of the ramus.
The proximal joint has outside 2 small fascicles of spines, and inside a row
of about 6 slender, ciliated set#; at the end it carries, moreover, a few spines
and simple bristles. The terminal joint has the outer edgé smooth, the inner
provided with a row of 4 sete, and moreover carries on the tip 3 slender bristles.
The telson (fig. 27) is rather narrow, being much longer than it is broad
at the base, and gradually tapers distally. Each half is armed with a small
lateral spinule and another apical one accompanied by a small hair. The
cleft is rather narrow and extends to the base of the telson.
Occurrence. — Only a few specimens of this form were found among
other Gammari collected by Mr. Warpachowsky at St. 53 and 54, both
located at some distance north of the islands Kulaly and Morskoj. In the
collection of Dr. Grimm I have not yet succeeded in detecting any specimen
of this species.
us.-Mar. orp. 332. 10
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. oes
11. Gammarus compressus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
’ (Pl. XI, figs. 1—10).
Specific Characters. — Body moderately slender and very much com-
pressed, with the back smooth throughout. Lateral lobes of cephalon but
slightly projecting, and narrowly rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal
plates rather large and densely fringed with bristles distally; 1st pair very
much expanded in their outer part; 4th pair large, about as broad as they
are deep. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome but very slightly
produced at the lateral corners. Urosome comparatively short and quite
smooth above. Eyes not very large, narrow oblong in form. Antennz com-
paratively short and nearly equal-sized, the superior ones having the Ist
joint of the peduncle very large and massive, flagellum but little longer
than the peduncle, accessory appendage 3-articulate. Gnathopoda in female
small and feeble, and nearly equal-sized. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda com-
paratively strongly built, and densely setous, with the meral joint not a
little expanded, especially in the 2nd pair; the 3 posterior pairs rather
slender and nearly equal in length; basal joint of last pair moderately ex-
panded and regularly oval in form, Last pair of uropoda with the inner
ramus less rudimentary than in the preceding species, being nearly half as
long as the outer, the latter having the terminal joint well developed.
Telson fully as long as it is broad at the base, each half with 2 apical
spines. Length of adult female 7 mm.
Remarks. — This new species is chiefly characterised by its extremely
compressed body, the short, equal-sized antenne, the form of the Ist and
4th pair of coxal plates, and the structure of the last pair of uropoda. As
of the preceding species, only female specimens have hitherto come under
my inspection.
Description of the female.
The length of fully adult, ovigerous specimens measures about 7 mm.,
and accordingly this form must also be reckoned among the smaller species
of the genus.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is rather slender and very much com-
pressed, with the back narrowly rounded and smooth throughout.
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and appears nearly transversely truncated in front, the
lateral lobes projecting but slightly, and being narrowly rounded at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are rather large and fringed on their
distal edge with numerous delicate bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 3) are of
u3.-Mar. ctp. 333. 11 23
354 G. 0. SARS,
a somewhat unusual form, being very much expanded in their outer part,
and forming in front alinguiform lobe advancing beneath the cephalon as far
as the insertion of the inferior antenne. The 2 succeeding pairs (see fig. 4)
are of regular oblong quadrangular form and transversely truncated at the
tip. The 4th pair (see fig. 5) are very large and expanded, being fully as
broad as they are deep, and projecting below the posterior emargination as
a distinct angle.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, and the 2
posterior pairs but very slightly produced at the lateral corners.
The urosome is comparatively short and stout, being quite smooth above,
with only an extremely minute spinule on each side of the dorsal face of the
last segment.
The eyes are not very large but of a narrow oblong form, with well
developed visual elements and dark pigment.
The antennz are comparatively short and nearly equal-sized, scarcely
exceeding in length 1/, of the body. The superior ones (fig. 2) have the 1st
joint of the peduncle very large and massive, considerably exceeding in
length the other 2 combined. The flagellum is scarcely longer than the ped-
uncle, and is composed of only 9 articulations. The accessory appendage
does not attain the length of the last 2 peduncular joints combined, and is
composed of 3 articulations. The inferior antenna have the last joint of the
peduncle smaller than the penultimate one, and the flagellum nearly as long
as the peduncle and 6-articulate.
The gnathopoda (figs. 3, 4) are comparatively small and feeble, resem-
bling in structure those in the 3 preceding species. The propodos in the
anterior pair (fig. 3) is a little broader than in the posterior (fig. 4), where
it is scarcely larger than the carpus. In both pairs the palm is very short
and nearly transverse.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda are rather strongly built and, especi-
ally the 2nd pair (fig. 5), very densely clothed with slender bristles, which
form a dense fringe along the posterior edge of the meral and carpal joints.
The former joint is very large and expanded, and the latter likewise wnusu-
ally broad and regularly oval in form.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 6—8) are comparatively
slender and nearly of equal length, with their outer part edged with fascicles
of delicate bristles. In all pairs the meral joint is somewhat expanded,
whereas the carpal and propodal ones are linear in form and about equal in
length. The basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 6) is of a rounded
oval form, with the infero-posteal corner somewhat produced and rounded
off; that of the penultimate pair (fig. 7) is considerably narrower and ob-
u3.-Mar. erp. 334, 12
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 395
liquely oblong, being expanded at the upper part posteriorly to a rounded,
minutely setiferous lobe. The last pair (fig. 8) have the basal joint con-
siderably larger than that of the 2 preceding pairs, and of a regular
oval form, with the posterior edge slightly curved and fringed with small
bristles, the infero-posteal corner being produced to a broadly rounded lobe
extending to the end of the ischial joint.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda have the rami subequal and of a narrow
linear form, being spinous only at the tip.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 9) are of moderate size, and have the basal
part, as usual, armed at the end below with a transverse row of strong spines.
The inner ramus is less rudimentary than in most other Caspian species,
being about half the length of the outer. It is conically tapering and carries
at the tip a slender spine and 2 or 3 delicate bristles. The outer ramus is
about twice as long as the basal part, and has the terminal joint well de-
veloped, about half the length of the proximal one. The latter has outside
2 small fascicles of spines and inside about 4 slender sete.
The telson (fig. 10) is fully as long as it is broad at the base, and is, as
usual, cleft to the base, the cleft widening gradually distally. The lateral
lobes are comparatively narrow, and each carry at the somewhat truncated
tip 2 slender spines.
Occurrence. — Some specimens of this form were collected by Mr. War-
pachowsky at St. 2, located off the Tschistyi-Bank; a single specimen was
moreover found at St. 16, lying east of the island Swjatoj.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this species seems not to be represented.
12. Gammarus similis, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(PI. XI, figs. 11—20).
Specific Characters. — Very like the preceding species, though not
nearly so much compressed. Lateral lobes of cephalon somewhat projecting
and obtusely rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates densely setous
at the terminal edge; 1st pair but very slightly widening distally; 4th pair
not so broad as they are deep. Epimeral plates of metasome about as in G.
compressus. Urosome somewhat more slender than in that species and
smooth above, last segment with 2 small spinules on each side of the dorsal
face. Eyes oblong oval in form, with dark pigment. Antenne comparatively
short and nearly equal-sized, the superior ones with the 1st joint of the
peduncle very large, flagellum somewhat longer than the peduncle, ac-
cessory appendage 4—5-articulate. Gnathopoda in female nearly as in G.
compressus; those in male somewhat stronger and rather unequal, the post-
us.-Mar. erp. 335. 13 23F
356 @. 0, SARS,
erior ones being the larger, palm in both pairs more oblique than in the
female, and having in the middle, outside, a strong spine. Pereiopoda of a
similar structure to that in G. compressus, except that the basal joint of
the last pair is somewhat more expanded. Last pair of uropoda with the
inner ramus rather small, the outer elongated and having the terminal joint
poorly developed. Telson not as long as it is broad at the base, each half
with 2 small apical spines. Length of adult female 9 mm., of male about
the same.
Remarks. — The present species is nearly allied to G. compressus, but
on a closer examination is easily distinguishable by its far less compressed
body, the different form of the 1st and 4th pair of coxal plates, and the
likewise rather different structure of the last pair of uropoda. It also bears
some resemblance to the form described by Mr. Sowinsky from the Azow
Sea, as G. maeoticus, which latter species also occurs in the Caspian Sea,
and is represented by several well marked specimens in the collection of
Dr. Grimm.
Description of the female.
The length of adult, ovigerous specimens amounts to 9 mm., and this
form accordingly grows to a somewhat larger size than the preceding
species.
The form of the body (see fig. 11) is, as in the latter, rather slender,
but considerably less compressed, the back being broadly vaulted and quite
smooth throughout.
The cephalon does not fully attain the length of the first 2 segments of
mesosome combined, but has the lateral lobes rather prominent and obtusely
rounded at the tip, being defined behind by a rather deep emargination.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size and densely seti-
ferous on their distal edge. The 1st pair (see fig. 13) differ not a little in
their shape from those in G. compressus, being only very slightly expanded
distally, and nearly transversely truncated at the tip. Also the 4th pair (see
fig. 15) are markedly distinguished in being far less expanded in their
outer part.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are nearly of same appearance as
in the above-mentioned species.
The urosome, on the other hand, appears considerably more elongated
and slender than in that species, and has on eaeh side of the last segment
2 minute spinules.
The eyes are comparatively a little larger than in G. compressus and of
a more pronounced oblong reniform shape.
us.-Mar. erp. 336. 14
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. B57
The antenne, as in that species, are comparatively short and equal-
sized, scarcely exceeding in length’, of the body. The superior ones (fig. 12)
have the Ist joint of the peduncle very large, nearly twice as long as the
other 2 combined. The flagellum somewhat exceeds the peduncle in length,
and is composed of about 11 articulations. The accessory appendage is com-
paratively more fully developed than in G. compressus, and composed of 4
to 5 articulations. The inferior antenne have the outer joints of the peduncle
rather richly supplied with bristles. The flagellum nearly attains the length
of the peduncle, and is composed of about 7 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 13, 14) resemble those in G. compressus, though
the posterior ones are perhaps still more slender than in that species.
u The pereiopoda (figs. 15—18) also exhibit a very similar structure to
that in the above-named species, and need not therefore be described in detail.
In the last pair (fig. 18), however, the basal joimt is comparatively larger and
more expanded, being nearly as broad as it is long.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 18) are rather elongated, about equalling
the urosome in length, and differ very markedly in their structure from
those in G. compressus. Thus the inner ramus is much smaller, being scarce-
ly ¥/, as long as the outer, and the! terminal joint of the latter is likewise
very minute, as compared with that in the said species. The proximal joint
of the latter ramus is, on the other hand, much elongated and of a linear
form, with several slender sete on the inner edge and 2 or 3 small fascicles
of spines on the outer.
The telson (fig. 20) is comparatively shorter than in G. compressus,
being not nearly so long as it is broad at the base; otherwise it exhibits a
very similar structure.
The adult male is about same size as the female, and does not greatly
differ from it in outward appearance. It is, however, easily recognized by the
somewhat more strongly built gnathopoda. As in most other Gammari, the
posterior pair (fig. 22) are more powerful than the anterior (fig. 21), the
propodos being in the former considerably larger and broader. In both pairs
the palm is somewhat oblique, and armed in the middle, outside, with a
strong spine in addition to those occurring on the lower corner.
Occurrence. — This species has been collected by Mr. Warpachowsky
in 6 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea. Of these, one (St. 16) is
located off the island Swjatoj; another (St. 21) at the northern point of the
peninsula Mangyschlack, 2 others (St. 53, 54) at some distance north of
the islands Kulaly and Morskoj, the last 2 (St. 61, 63) in the northern and
eastern part of that Sea.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm, several specimens of this species are
u3.-Mar. erp. 337. 1b
358 G. 0. SARS,
to be found, partly collected at Baku from stones on the shore, partly on
the west coast of Sara, among Zostera.
13. Gammarus robustoides, Grimm MS.
(Pl. X11).
Syn.: ? Gammarus caspius, Sp. Bate (not Pallas)
Gammarus aralo-caspius, Grimm MS.
Specific Characters. — Body rather strongly built and but little com-
pressed, the back being broadly rounded. Lateral lobes of cephalon rather
projecting and somewhat obliquely truncated at the tip, the lower corner
being more prominent than the upper. Anterior pairs of coxal plates of
moderate size, and densely fringed with bristles on their distal edge; Ist
pair but very slightly widening distally; 4th pair scarcely as broad as they
are deep. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome acutely produced-
at the lateral corners. Urosome with the 2 anterior segments forming each
at the end dorsally a slight protuberance armed with a number of densely
crowded spines arranged in an angularly bent transverse row, the lst seg-
ment having generally 8 such spines, the 2nd 6; last segment with a dorsal
fascicle of delicate hairs, and having besides on either side of the dorsal face
2 spinules. Eyes of moderate size and oval reniform in shape. Antenne
comparatively short and nearly equal-sized, the superior ones with the Ist
joint of the peduncle rather large, flagellum somewhat exceeding the ped-
uncle in length and composed of numerous short articulations, accessory ap-
pendage well developed, 6—8-articulate. Gnathopoda in female moderately
strong and somewhat unequal, the posterior ones being the larger, carpus
in both pairs rather short, propodos well developed, with the palm some-
what oblique; those in male considerably more strongly built than in female,
with the propodos, especially of the posterior ones, very large and tumid.
Anterior pairs of pereiopoda rather robust, and very densely setiferous, with
the meral joint large and expanded; the 3 posterior pairs moderately slender,
and having their outer part clothed with numerous fascicles of bristles and
scattered spines; basal joint of last pair oblong oval in form, being some-
what broader in female than in male, hind edge densely fringed with short
bristles, infero-posteal corner produced to a short, narrowly rounded lobe.
Last pair of uropoda of moderate size, with the inner ramus very small, outer
one well developed and densely fringed with slender, partly ciliated setze,
terminal joint extremely minute. Telson about as long as it is broad, each
half with 3 or 4 apical spines. Length of adult female 17 mm., of male
reaching 22 mm.
us.-Mar. crp. 338. 16
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 359
Remarks. — The Gammarus caspius of Sp. Bate may perhaps be refer-
‘able to this species, but, as above stated, this name was given a long time
ago by Pallas toa very different form. In the collection of Dr. Grimm
this species has been labelled in 2 different manners. On one bottle, contain-
ing an unusually large male specimen, in which, by some accident, the dorsal
spines of the lst segment of the urosome were rubbed off, the name G.
robustoides is given; 2 other bottles, containing several considerably smaller
specimens of the same species, are labelled with the name G. aralo-caspius.
I think I am right in preferring the former name, as the latter is inconve-
niently near G. caspius, which is a very different form. The species is easily
recognized by the strong and densely crowded dorsal spines occurring on
the 2 anterior segments of the urosome.
Description of the female,
The length of adult ovigerous specimens amounts to about 17 mm., but
in some places they would seem not to attain to such a large size. In every
case this form must be reckoned among the larger-sized species of the
genus.
The body (see fig. 1) is of a rather robust form and but little com-
pressed, the back being broadly rounded and perfectly smooth.
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of mesosome
combined, and has the lateral lobes rather projecting and somewhat ob-
liquely truncated at the tip, with the lower corner more prominent than
the upper. They are defined posteriorly by a rather deep emargination
encircling the large, globular basal joint of the inferior antenne.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size, and densely
fringed on their distal edge with delicate bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 3)
are very slightly expanded in their outer part, whereas the 2 succeeding
pairs (see fig. 4) are nearly of same breadth throughout. The 4th pair (see
fig. 5) are, as usual, the largest, though scarcely as broad as they are deep;
their posterior expansion is vertically truncated, and, like the distal edge,
densely fringed with bristles.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, and the 2-nd
pair a little deeper than the last, both being acutely produced at the lateral
corners.
The urosome (comp. figs. 17, 18) is of moderate size, and has the 2 an-
terior segments somewhat elevated at the end dorsally, whereby 2 obtuse
dorsal prominences are formed, each armed with a number of densely
crowded spines arranged in a somewhat angularly bent transverse row. The
‘bu3.-Mar, crp. 339. 17
360 G. 0. SARS,
number of these spines is generally on the 1st segment 8, on the 2nd 6,
In the Jast segment occurs a dorsal fascicle of delicate hairs, and, in addition, -
on either side of the dorsal face 2 spinules.
The eyes are of an oval reniform shape, with well-developed visual ele-
ments and dark pigment. In some specimens, however, preserved from older
time in the Museum of St. Petersburg, and collected at Baku, no trace of
any ocular pigment was observable; but whether this was merely due to the
action of the spirit, or to some different nature of the pigment in those
specimens, I am unable to state.
The antenng are comparatively short and but little different in length,
differing in this respect from what is the case in the typical Gammari. The
superior ones (fig. 2) but slightly exceed in length 1/, of the body, and have
the 1st joint of the peduncle rather large and longer than the other 2 com-
hined. The flagellum somewhat exceeds the peduncle in length, and is very
flexible, being composed of numerous short articulations, amounting to
20—24 in all. The accessory appendage is well developed, though scarcely
as long as the last 2 peduncular joints combined, and is composed of from
6 to 8 articulations. The inferior antennz are a little shorter than the
superior, and are more densely setiferous. The penultimate joint of the ped-
uncle is somewhat larger than the last one, and the flagellum about equals
in length those joints combined, being composed of 8—10 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 3, 4) are moderately strong and somewhat unequal,
the posterior ones (fig. 4) being considerably more powerful than the an-
terior (fig. 3). In both pairs the carpus is quite short, triangular, and
expanded below to a narrow, setiferous lobe. The propodos is comparatively
large and. tumid, especially in the posterior pair, and has the palm some-
what oblique, bemg defined below by an obtuse angle armed with several
strong spines.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 5) are unusually robust and densely
edged with slender bristles, especially along the posterior edges of the me-
ral and carpal joints. The former joint is very large and expanded, and
also the carpal joint gradually expands somewhat distally, whereas the
propodal joint is of the usual narrow linear form. '
The posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 6—8) are considerably more
slender, and have their outer part edged with numerous fascicles of delicate
bristles, and by a number of scattered spines. The antepenultimate pair
(fig. 6) are considerably shorter than the other 2, and have the basal joint
rounded quadrangular in form, with the anterior edge somewhat curved,
and edged with several fascicles of slender bristles, as also with a number
of small spines; the inferu-posteal corner of this joint is somewhat project-
us.-Mar. erp. 340. 18
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 361
ing and angular. In the penultimate pair (fig. 7) the basal joint is some-
what more elongated and slightly expanded in its proximal part, gradu-
ally tapering distally. The last pair (fig. 8) are about same length as the
penultimate, but are markedly distinguished by the much larger size
of the basal joint. This exhibits a rather regular oval form, with the
posterior edge evenly curved, and, as in the preceding pairs, densely fringed
throughout with comparatively short bristles; its infero-posteal corner pro-
jects below as a narrowly rounded lobe, reaching about to the end of the
ischial jomt. Of the outer joints, the carpal one in all 3 pairs is rather elong-
ated and slender, exceeding in length both the meral and the propodal joints.
The dactylus is not very strong, and has near the tip a small bristle.
The anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 9 and 16) have the rami sublinear
in form and armed with scattered lateral spines, their tip carrying only a
single spine accompanied by 2 small denticles.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 10) are of moderate size, and, as in most
other Caspian Gammari, have the inner ramus very small and scale-like,
with a single minute apical spinule and several slender bristles on the in-
ner edge. The outer ramus is about twice the length of the basal part and
slightly tapers distally. It is fringed all round with numerous slender,
partly ciliated set, and has besides, on the outer edge, 3 fascicles of spines;
the terminal joint is extremely minute.
The telson (fig. 11) is about as long as it is broad, and is, as usual,
divided by a deep cleft into 2 halves, each of which carries on the narrowly
truncated tip 3 or 4 spines, but no trace of any lateral ones.
The adult male (fig. 12) generally attains a considerably larger size
than the female, its length amounting to 22 mm.
It does not differ conspicuously in its general form from the female, but
is easily recognizable by the much stronger development of the gnathopoda.
As in the female, these limbs (figs. 14, 15) are somewhat unequal, the
posterior ones (fig. 15) being considerably stronger than the anterior
(fig. 14). The propodos in both pairs, but especially in the posterior ones, is
very large and tumid, though of a similar shape to that in the female.
Of the other appendages, the last pair of pereiopoda somewhat differ
in the basal joint being narrower and less expanded than in the female, with
the posterior edge nearly straight, and the last pair of uropoda appear a
little more elongated and still more densely setous.
Occurrence. — This species would seem to be one of the most frequent
Amphipoda of the Caspian Sea. It has been collected by Mr. Warpachow-
sky in no less than 14 different Stations, and in some of them in great
abundance. Of these Stations, one (St. 2) is located off the Tschistyi-Bank, an-
us,-Mar. ctp. 341. 19
362 G. 0. SARS,
other (St. 12), in the inner part of the Bai Agrachansky, a 3rd (St. 40), off
the promontory Brjanskaja, a 4th (St. 31), about midway between the pen-
insula Mangyschlak and the opposite western coast, a 5th (St. 61), far
north, at some distance outside the Bai Bogatyi Kultuk, the remaining
Stations (16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 51, 54), distributed over the tract
north of the peninsula Mangyschlak. I have also had an opportunity of
examining some specimens of this species preserved in the Museum of St.
Petersburgh from earlier time, and collected by Baer and Gobel, partly at
Baku, partly at Krasnowodsk.
Dr. Grimm has collected this species in several localities both of the
southern and middle part of the Caspian Sea, from the shore down to a
depth of 6 fathoms. A single specimen, that labelled G. robustoides, was
found at the considerable depth of 108 fathoms.
Distribution. — To judge from the one of the specific names (aralo-
caspius) attributed by Dr. Grimm to this species, it would also seem to
occur in the Aral Sea. I have not yet, however, had an opportunity of exa-
mining any specimens from that basin.
14. Gammarus crassus, Grimm MS.
(PI. XIIN).
Specific Characters. — Body rather short and stout, with broadly
rounded back. Lateral lobes of cephalon somewhat projecting and obtusely
rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates of moderate size, and
fringed distally with scattered bristles; 1st pair but very slightly widening
distally; 4th pair considerably expanded in their outer part, though of
scarcely as broad as they are deep. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of
metasome acutely produced at the lateral corners. Urosome smooth above,
lst segment with a dorsal fascicle of fine hairs, the 2 succeeding ones each
with one or two spinules on either side of the dorsal face. Eyes of moderate
size and oval reniform, Antenne nearly equal-sized, and scarcely attaining
to '/, of the length of the body; the superior ones with the Ist joint of the
peduncle about the length of the other 2 combined, flagellum considerably
_ longer than the peduncle, accessory appendage 4—5-articulate. Gnathopoda
in female not very strong, in male much more powerfully developed, the
posterior ones having the propodos very large. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda
less robust than in G. robustoides; the 3 posterior pairs moderately elon-
gated, with the basal joint rather expanded, that of last pair being very
large, with the posterior edge distinctly serrate, and having the infero-
posteal corner expanded to a broad, obtusely truncated lobe projecting far
u3.-Mar. erp. 342. 20
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 363
beyond the ischial joint. Last pair of uropoda nearly as in G. robustoides.
Telson somewhat broader than it is long, each half with only 2 apical spines.
Length of adult female 11 mm., of male 12 mm.
Remarks. — The present species, established by Dr. Grimm, is nearly
allied to G. robustoides, differing, however, in the still stouter form of the
body, the different armature of the urosome, the structure of the gnathopoda
and the large size and peculiar form of the basal joint of the last pair of
pereiopoda. It is also rather inferior in size.
Description of the female.
Adult, ovigerous specimens scarcely exceed 11 mm. in length.
The body (see fig. 1) is of a still shorter’and stouter form than in G.
robustoides, being rather tumid, with broadly vaulted back, and the species
thus fully deserves the specific name proposed for it by Dr. Grimm,
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and has the lateral lobes rather projecting and obtusely
rounded at the tip, being defined behind by a rather deep emargination.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size, and have their
distal edge slightly crenulated and fringed with scattered bristles. The 1st
pair (see fig. 4) are very slightly expanded distally, and are obtusely rounded
at the tip. The 2nd pair (see fig. 5) have the distal edge somewhat oblique,
whereas the 3rd pair are more regularly oblong quadrangular in form. The
4th pair (see fig. 6) are rather broadly expanded in their outer part, though
scarcely as broad as they are deep. Their distal edge is smooth in the
middle and passes both into the anterior and posterior edges in an even
curve.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, and the last
2 pairs acutely produced at the lateral corners. The urosome is of moderate
size and does not exhibit any dorsal prominences. The lst segment has
dorsally a fascicle of delicate bristles but no spines. The last 2 segments,
on the other hand, are armed on either side of the dorsal face with one or
two small spinules.
The eyes are of the usual oval reniform shape, and have the visual
elements well developed and the pigment dark.
The antenne are comparatively short, though perhaps a little more
elongated than in the preceding species, and are not very different in length.
The superior ones (fig. 2) do not nearly attain to '/, of the length of the body,
and have the 1st joint of the peduncle rather large, being fully as long as
the other 2 combined. The flagellum is very slender and considerably longer
u3.-Mar. crp. 343. 21
364 G. 0. SARS,
than the peduncle, being composed of about 16 articulations. The acces-
sory appendage about equals in length the 2nd peduncular joint, and is
composed of 4 articulations. The inferior antenn are a little shorter than
the superior and of the usual structure.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4, 5) are not nearly so strongly developed as in
the female of G. robustoides, and are also less unequal. The propodos of the
anterior ones (fig. 4) is oval in form, with the palm rather oblique and
defined below by a very slight angle, carrying 2 strong spines. In the post-
erlor pair (fig. 5) the propodos is somewhat more elongated and of an oval
quadrangular form, the palm being nearly transverse.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are less strongly built than
in G. robustoides, but are otherwise of a rather similar structure
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 7—9) are moderately slender,
and have their outer part edged with fascicles of spines and delicate bristles.
In all the basal joint is rather expanded, though of very different size. In
the antepenultimate pair (fig. 7) this joint is of a rounded quadrangular
form, with the infero-posteal corner somewhat projecting; in the penulti-
mate pair (fig. 8) it is somewhat larger, being strongly expanded posteriorly,
with the hind edge boldly curved and distinctly serrate, each serration
carrying a short bristle. The last pair (fig. 9) are highly distinguished by
the very large size of the basal joint, which expands at the infero-posteal
corner to a broad, obtusely truncated lobe, reaching nearly to the middle of
the meral joint. The posterior edge of the joint is distinctly serrate through-
out, and provided with a number of short bristles corresponding to the
serrations. Of the outer joints in these legs, the carpal one is a little shorter
than the propodal joint. The dactylus is in all very strong and curved.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 10) have the rami nearly equal-
sized and each tipped with several spines, one of which is longer than the
others; the inner ramus has also one or two lateral spines, whereas the
outer is without such spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 11) nearly agree in their structure with
those in G. robustoides.
The telson (fig. 12) is scarcely as long as it is broad, and has, on the tip
of each half, 2 spines accompanied by 2 delicate hairs.
The adult male (fig. 13), as usual, attains a somewhat larger size than
the female, the length of the body amounting to 12 mm. It is of a some-
what more slender and compressed form, and also easily recognizable by the
strong development of the gnathopoda.
The latter (figs 14, 15) are very unequal, the posterior ones (fig. 15)
being much more powerful than the anterior, with the propodos exceedingly
us.-Mar. erp. 344, 23
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 365
large and tumid. In the anterior ones (fig. 14) the propodos is considerably
narrower and obpyriform in shape, being scarcely more than half as large
as that of the posterior. In both pairs the palm is rather oblique, and armed
in the middle, outside, with a strong spine, in addition to those occurring
on the inferior corner.
Occurrence. — Of this form numerous specimens were collected by
Mr. Warpachowsky at Stat. 49, lying between the islands Kulaly and
Morskoy. It also occurred, though more sparingly, in 5 other Stations (16,
21, 32, 54, 55) distributed over about the same tract of the North Cas-
pian Sea.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this species is rather abundantly repre-
sented, but only a single bottle, containing 3 very small and somewhat de-
fective specimens taken from the considerable depth of 108 fathoms, bears the
name of the species. The other specimens were collected in comparatively
shallow water, partly at Baku, partly on the west coast of Sara, and partly
near the mouth of the river Surgudschy.
15. Gammarus abbreviatus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(PI. XIV).
Specific. Characters. — Body short and robust, being rather tumid in
the female. Lateral lobes of cephalon slightly prominent and broadly rounded
at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates of moderate size, and having their
distal edge conspicuously crenulated and fringed with rather long bristles;
lst pair obliquely expanded distally; 4th pair very large, being fully as
broad as they are deep. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome
acutely produced at the lateral corners. Urosome smooth above, with one
or two very small spinules on the dorsal face of the 2 posterior segments.
Eyes oval reniform. Antennz unusually short; the superior ones not attain-
ing the length of the inferior, but having the 1st joint of the peduncle very
large, flagellum about the length of the peduncle, accessory appendage 4—
5-articulate. Gnathopoda in female not very strong, propodos in both pairs
nearly of same form, with the palm rather oblique; those in male, as usual,
much stronger and more unequal, the posterior ones being much the larger.
Anterior pairs of pereiopoda very robust and densely setiferous; the 3 post-
erior pairs considerably more slender, basal joint of last pair regularly oval
in form, with the infero-posteal corner slightly produced and narrowly
rounded. Last pair of uropoda nearly as in the 2 preceding species. Telson
fully as long as it is broad, each half with 3 apical spines. Length of adult
female 12 mm., of male 13 mm.
$u3,-Mar. crp. 845. 23
366 G. 0. SARS,
Remarks. — This new species somewhat resembles G. crassus in the
short and stout body, but is, on a closer examination, easily distinguishable
by the unusually short superior antennee, the different shape of the Ist and
4th pairs of coxal plates, and by the form of the basal joint of the last pair
of pereiopoda. It also attains a somewhat larger size than that species.
Description of the female.
The length of a fully adult, ovigerous specimen measures 12 mm.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is comparatively short and stout, with
the anterior division rather tumid, and the back broadly rounded.
The cephalon does not attain the length of the first 2 segments of the
mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes slightly prominent and evenly
rounded at the tip, being defined behind by a rather deep emargination.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size and have their
distal edge conspicuously crenulated and fringed with rather long and slender
bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 5) are obliquely expanded in their outer
part extending beneath the cephalon as far as the insertion of the inferior
antenne. The 4th pair (see fig. 7) are very large and expanded, being fully
as broad as they are deep, and are vertically truncated below the posterior
emargination.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, and of about
same appearance as in the preceding species.
The urosome is rather short and quite smooth above, with only one or
two very small spinules on the dorsal face of the 2 posterior segments.
The eyes are of the usual oval reniform shape.
The superior antenne (fig. 3) are unusually short, not even attaining to
¥, of the length of the body, and have the 1st joint of the peduncle very
large, exceeding in length the other 2 combined. The flagellum is scarcely
longer than the peduncle, and is composed of about 9 articulations. The
accessory appendage about equals in length the last 2 peduncular joints
combined, and is composed of 4—5 articulations.
The inferior antenne (fig. 4), unlike what is generally the case in this
genus, are somewhat longer than the superior, and rather densely setous
posteriorly. The flagellum about equals in length the last 2 peduncular
joints combined, and is composed of about 7 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 5, 6) are not very strong, but of the very same
structure, though the posterior ones are a little larger, The propodos in
both pairs is of a somewhat irregular oval form, with the palm rather ob-
lique and defined below by a very slight angle armed with 2 spines.
u3.-Mar. crp. 346. ’ 24
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 367
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 7) are very strongly built and
densely setiferous, with the meral joint large and expanded.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 8—10) are moderately slender,
and have their outer part edged with fascicles of slender bristles and scattered
spines. The basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 8) exhibits the usual
rounded quadrangular shape; that of the penultimate pair (fig. 9) is only
expanded in its proximal part, and gradually tapers distally. The last pair
(fig. 10) have the basal joint rather large and of a regularly oval form,
with the infero-posteal corner projecting below as a narrowly rounded
lappet. The posterior edge of this joint is, as in the 2 preceding pairs,
minutely serrate and fringed with short bristles. Of the outer joints in these
legs, the carpal one considerably exceeds the meral one in length, being
fully as long as the propodal joint.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 11, 12) have the rami rather
narrow and provided at the tip with several spines; the outer ramus has also
one, and the inner, 2 lateral spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 13) do not differ much from those in the
2 preceding species, having the inner ramus very small, and the outer
densely fringed with partly ciliated sete.
The telson (fig. 19) is about as long as it is broad, with the lateral
halves smooth except at the tip, which carries 3 slender spines.
The adult male (fig. 14) is a little larger than the female, the length of
the body measuring about 13 mm.
Tt does not differ much in its external appearance from the female, ex-
cept in being somewhat less tumid.
In the specimen examined the accessory appendage of the superior
antenne (fig. 15) was somewhat more fully developed and composed of 5
distinct articulations; otherwise the antenn# exhibited the very same struct-
ure as in the female.
The gnathopoda (figs. 16, 17) are; as usual, much more powerfully
developed than in the latter, and of rather unequal size, the posterior ones
(fig. 17) being much the stronger, with the propodos very large, and of an
oblong oval form. In the anterior pair (fig. 16) the propodos is not nearly
so large, but of a more obpyriform shape. In both pairs the palm is rather
oblique, with the defining corner nearly obsolete, though armed with the
usual spines. As in most other male Gammari, there is also found a spine
about in the middle of the palm outside.
- The last pair of uropoda (fig. 18) are somewhat larger than in the
female, otherwise of a very similar structure.
Occurrence. — Of this form solitary specimens were collected by Mr.
$a3.-Mar. crp. 347. 25
368 G. 0. SARS,
Warpachowsky in 3 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea, the first
(St. 54) located at some distance north of the islands Kulaly and Morskoj,
the 2nd (St. 58) lying North of the Tschistyi-Bank, and the 3rd (St. 56)
occurring about midway between the 2 former Stations.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm, only a single specimen of this form was
found. It was, according to the label, taken off the west coast of Sara, among
Zostera.
16. Gammarus obesus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(PI. XV).
Specific Characters. — Body exceedingly short and stout, with broadly
vaulted back. Lateral lobes of cephalon but slightly projecting, and evenly
rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates very large and fringed on
their distal edge with slender bristles; Ist pair rather widely expanded
distally; 4th pair not nearly as broad as they are deep. Epimeral plates of
metasome not very large, and scarcely produced at the lateral corners. Uro-
some short and stout, being quite smooth above. Eyes oval reniform. Su-
perior antennze somewhat longer than the inferior, with the 1st joint of the
peduncle rather large, flagellum a little longer than the peduncle, accessory
appendage comparatively small. Gnathopoda in female not very strong, sub-
equal, in male somewhat larger and more unequal. All pereiopoda very
densely furnished with bristles, the 3 posterior pairs comparatively strongly
built, with the carpal joint rather short; basal joint of antepenultimate and
penultimate pairs of nearly same shape, with the infero-posteal corner not
at all produced; that of last pair very large and expanded, forming at the
infero-posteal corner a broadly rounded lobe. Last pair of uropeda unusually
short and stout, inner ramus minute, outer ramus setiferous in its outer part
only, terminal joint extremely small. Telson short and broad, each half with
only a single apical spine. Length of adult female 8 mm., of male 9 mm.
Remarks. — The present new species is highly distinguished by its
unusually short and compact form of body, differing in this point con-
siderably from the Gammarid type, and approaching the species of the next
genus. It is moreover easily recognized by the densely hirsute and rather
strongly built pereiopoda, and by the poor development of the last pair of
uropoda.
Description of the female.
The length of an apparently adult specimen measures about 8 mm.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is extremely short and stout, indeed
more so than in any other known Gammarus, with the back broadly vaulted
and smooth throughout.
$us.-Mar. crp. 348. 26
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 369
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and has the lateral lobes but slightly prominent and evenly
rounded at the tip’.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are unusually large and closely con-
tiguous, being nearly twice as deep as the corresponding segments. They
are fringed on the distal edge with rather long and slender sete springing
from small crenulations of the edge. The 1st pair (see fig. 4) are rather
broadly expanded in their outer part, nearly concealing the buccal area
at the sides. The 2*succeeding pairs (see fig. 5) are oblong quadrangular
in form and of nearly same breadth throughout. The 4th pair (see fig. 6)
are, as usual, larger than the preceding pairs, though not very much ex-
pandedsin their outer part, being not nearly as broad as they are deep.
Their posterior expansion is obliquely truncated and projects immediately
below the emargination to an acute corner.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are not very large, and not at all
produced at the lateral corners, the 1st pair being evenly rounded, the
other two obtusangular.
The urosome is comparatively short and stout, and quite smooth above,
with only a very small spinule on each side of the dorsal face of the last
segment.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) about equal in length ¥/, of the body and
haye, as in the preceding species, the 1st joint of the peduncle rather large,
exceeding in length the other 2 combined. The flagellum is somewhat longer
than the peduncle, and composed of about 15 articulations. The accessory
appendage is comparatively small and in the specimen examined consisted
of only 2 articulations.
The inferior antenne (fig. 3) are a little shorter than the superior, and
have the flagellum about the length of the last 2 peduncular joints com-
bined, and composed of 7 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4, 5) are of moderate size and almost exactly alike,
though the posterior ones (fig. 5) are perhaps a little larger than the ante-
rior (fig. 4). The carpus is in both pairs comparatively short and expanded
below to a rounded setiferous lobe. ‘The propodos is oval quadrangular in
form, with the palm rather short, and defined below by an obtuse angle
carrying a single spine.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are moderately strong and
densely setiferous, some of the setze attached to the posterior edge of the
meral joint being distinctly ciliated.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 7—9) are comparatively
strongly built and very densely setiferous, with the carpal joint compara-
us.~Mar. erp. 349. 27 24
370 G. 0. SARS,
tively short, and the dactylus very strong. The basal joint of the ante-
penultimate pair (fig. 7) is of a somewhat unusual form, being not at all
produced at the infero-posteal corner, but of nearly the same shane as that
- of the penultimate pair (fig. 8), though somewhat shorter. In both »airs this
joint is densely fringed posteriorly with short sete, and» has anteriorly
several fascicles of slender bristles. The last pair (fig. 9) have the basal joint
very large and expanded, widening distally and forming at the infei o-posteal
corner a broadly rounded lobe. The posterior edge of the joint is t' roughout
fringed with numerous rather slender and elongated setw, and the anterior
edge is also rather richly supplied with bristles arranged in sey al dense
fascicles. )
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (comp. figs. 16, 17) have the rami quite
smooth, except at the tip, which is armed with a strong spine accompanied
by 2 much smaller ones.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 10) are unusually short and stout, but
reaching little beyond the others. The basal part is rather thick and massive,
being armed at the end below with several spines. The inner ramus exhibits
the usual scale-like appearance, and carries a single small apical spine. The
outer ramus is scarcely longer than the basal part, and provided in its outer
part with a number of long ciliated sete and with 2 spines on the outer
edge. The terminal joint is so extremely minute as readily to escape attention.
The telson (fig. 11) is short and broad, being, as usual, divided by a
deep and narrow cleft into two halves, each of which carries, at the narrowly
truncated tip, a single spine accompanied by 2 small hairs.
The adult male (fig. 12) is somewhat larger than the female, measuring
in length about 9 mm., and exhibits a similar short and compact form of
the body.
In the specimen examined, the accessory appendage of the superior
antenn (fig. 13) was somewhat more fully developed than in the female,
being composed of 4 articulations. It did not, however, much exceed the last
peduncular joint in length.
The gnathopoda (figs. 14,15) are, as usual, more strongly built than in
the female, though the difference in this point is not as great as in most
other species. The propodos in both pairs is oblong oval in form and in the
posterior pair somewhat larger than in the anterior, the palm being in both
somewhat more oblique than in the female.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 18) are scarcely larger than in the latter
but of a similar structure.
Occurrence. — Solitary specimens of this form were collected by Mr.
Warpachowsky in 3 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea, the 1st
n3.-Mar. erp. 350. 28
“i
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 371
(St. 16) located off the island Swjatoj, the 2nd (St. 40) off the promontory
Branskaia, and the 3rd (St. 61) lying far north, outside the Bai Bogatui
Kultuk:,. + f
Dr; Grimm’s collection contains several specimens of this form, col-
lected in quite shallow water, partly at Baku, partly at the mouth of the
river Sargudschy.
dA Gen. 5. Niphargoides, G. 0. Sars.
fi Syn.: Niphargus, Grimm (not Schédte).
j
Gex.eric Characters. — Body smooth and of a very robust form, with
the coxal plates not very large, and more or less densely setous on their
distal edge. Cephalon comparatively small and without any rostrum, lateral
lobes more or less projecting. Kyes distinct, though generally not very large.
Antenne extremely short and stout, equal-sized, and more or less densely
setous, the superior ones provided with a distinct accessory appendage, and
having their outer part, as a rule, extended laterally. Mandibular palps
large, and generally densely setous. Oral parts otherwise normal. Gnatho-
poda strongly developed and of same appearance in the two sexes, though
rather differing in shape in the different species, both pairs distinctly sub-
cheliform. Pereiopoda rather strong and more or less densely clothed with
bristles, basal joint of last pair much larger than that of the 2 preceding
pairs. The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda comparatively strongly built, with
the rami subequal; last pair not very large, with the inner ramus squami-
form, the outer more or less densely setiferous, and having a very small
terminal joint. Telson divided by a deep and narrow cleft into two halves
spinous at the tip.
Remarks. — This genus is founded upon the form recorded by Dr. Grimm
under the name of Niphargus caspius. In his treatise on some blind Amphi-
poda of the Caspian Sea, this author observes, that the above-named form
might perhaps be more properly regarded as the type of a separate genus,
differing, as it does, in some points rather conspicuously from the known
species of the genus Niphargus, Schédte, though he believes that there is,
in a genealogical sense, a near relationship between the two. In my opinion,
the Caspian form ought, indeed, to be far removed from the genus Niphargus,
to which in reality it does not exhibit any very close affinity, nearly all the
appendages being very differently constructed. As I wish, however, to make
as little change as possible with the names proposed by Dr. Grimm, I have
substituted for the generic name Niphargus that of Niphargoides. In their
outward appearance, the species of this new genus exhibit a much closer re-
us.-Mar. erp. 351. 29 94*
372 G. 0. SARS,
semblance to another apparently widely remote genus, viz., that of Ponto-
poreia, and in some species, indeed, the similarity is truly perplexing; but
the gnathopoda are very different. In many particulars the new genus would
seem to approach nearer to the genus Gammarus than to that of Niphargus,
and there are, as above stated, some species of the former genus, which
form, as it were, a transition to the type revealed in the present genus.
In the collection of Mr. Warpachowsky, no less than 4 distinct species
of this genus are to be found, one of which will be described below, the others
in a subsequent article. A 5th species is also represented in the collection
of Dr. Grimm.
17. Niphargoides caspius (Grimm),
(Pl. XVI).
Syn.: Niphargus caspius, Grimm.
Specific Characters. — Body somewhat elongated, but very tumid,
with broadly vaulted back. Cephalon rather small, with the lateral lobes
somewhat projecting and rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates
but little deeper than the corresponding segments, and very densely clothed
on their distal edge with slender bristles; Ist pair not expanded distally;
4th pair somewhat deeper than they are broad. Epimeral plates of meta-
some well developed, the last 2 pairs nearly rectangular, and having outside _
the lateral corners an oblique row of delicate bristles. Urosome smooth
above. Eyes of moderate size and oval reniform, pigment dark. Antenne
rather densely setiferous, the superior ones about twice as long as the
cephalon, and haying the 1st joimt of the peduncle very large and massive,
3rd joint extremely small, flagellum about the length of the last 2 ped-
uncular joints combined, accessory appendage half the length of the flagel-
lum and 3-articulate. Inferior antennz with the flagellum extremely short,
being scarcely longer than the last peduncular joint. Gnathopoda very un-
equal, the posterior ones being much larger than the anterior, propodos in
both pairs conically tapering distally, with the palm very oblique, its defi-
ning angle being nearly obsolete. Pereiopoda densely setiferous, the 2 ante-
rior pairs rather robust, the 3 posterior pairs more slender; basal joint of
antepenultimate pair rather narrow and nearly of same shape as that of the
penultimate pair; basal joint of last pair moderately expanded and of broadly
oval form, being densely fringed with bristles both anteriorly and posteriorly.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda with the rami rather stout and armed with
unusually strong, blunt spines; last pair comparatively short, with the outer
ramus rather broad and edged in its outer part with long ciliated sete.
uy,-Mar. crp. 352. 30
x
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. ade
Telson with the lateral lobes sublinear and slightly diverging, each carrying
at the tip 3 strong spines. Length of adult male 11 mm.
Remarks. — In the collection of Dr. Grimm, 2 nearly allied, but evi-
dently distinct species are labelled as Niphargus caspius. For the larger
species this specific name may be retained; for the other species, which is
not contained in the collection of Mr. Warpachowsky, I propose the name
of Niphargoides Grimmi. The species here described is easily distinguished
by the densely hirsute anterior pairs of coxal plates and legs, the peculiar
conically tapering shape of the propodos of both pairs of gnathopoda, as
also by the form of the basal joint of the last pair of pereiopoda. Most of
the specimens examined would seem to be of the male sex.
Description of the adult male. — The length of the largest specimen
measures about 12 mm.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is somewhat elongated, but rather
robust, and not at all compressed, the breadth being fully as great as the
height, including the coxal plates. The dorsal face is broadly vaulted and
quite smooth throughout. In a dorsal view (fig. 2) the body exhibits a some-
what fusiform shape, with the greatest breadth occuring across the 4th seg-
ment of the mesosome, whence it gradually tapers both anteriorly and post-
eriorly. The metasome is well developed and about half the length of the
anterior division of the body.
The cephalon is comparatively small, but little longer than the Ist seg-
ment of the mesosome, and does not exhibit any distinct rostral projection.
The lateral lobes somewhat project between the insertions of the 2 pairs of
antenne, and are obtusely rounded at the tip. Behind they are defined by a
very deep emargination, encircling the large and globular basal joint of the
inferior antenne.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are not very large, being but little
deeper than the corresponding segments, and are somewhat discontiguous
in their outer part. They successively increase in size posteriorly, and have
their distal edge very densely clothed with slender bristles in an almost
brush-like manner. The Ist pair (see fig. 11) are about same breadth
throughout, and obtusely rounded at the tip; the 2 succeeding pairs (see
fic. 12) are a little narrowed distally, whereas the 4th pair (see fig. 14),
as usual, are somewhat expanded in their outer part, forming, below the
rather slight posterior emargination, an obtuse corner,
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates (see figs. 15—17) are unusually
small and slightly bilobed.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are rather large, the 1st pair being,
as usual, rounded, whereas the last 2 pairs are nearly rectangular, and
us,-Mar. crp, 353. 31
374 G. 0. SARS,
having each, just above the lateral corner, outside, a somewhat oblique row
of densely crowded delicate bristles (see fig. 1 a),
The urosome is of moderate size and quite smooth above, with only a
very small spinule on either side of the dorsal face of the last segment.
The eyes are well developed, and of an oval reniform shape, with dark
pigment.
The superior antenne (fig. 3) are very short and stout, scarcely exceed-
ing in length '/, of the body, and about twice as long as the cephalon. They
are rather richly supplied with bristles, and generally have their outer part
extended laterally. The 1st joint of the peduncle is very large and massive,
considerably exceeding in length the 2 outer joints combined; the last joint is
extremely small, being scarcely longer than it is broad. The flagellum about
equals in length the last 2 peduncular joints combined, and is composed of
7 rather short articulations. The accessory appendage is about half as long
as the flagellum, and 3-articulate, the 1st articulation being about the length
of the other 2 combined.
The inferior antennee (fig. 4) are perhaps a little longer than the superior,
and have the antepenultimate joint of the peduncle rather thick, forming
posteriorly an angular, densely setous projection. The last joint of the ped-
uncle is somewhat smaller than the penultimate, both being densely seti-
ferous. The flagellim is extremely small, scarcely exceeding in length the
last peduncular joint, and is composed of 5 articulations.
The buccal area (see fig. 1) considerably projects below, being only partly
obtected at the sides by the 1st pair of coxal plates. The oral parts compos-
ing it are on the whole of normal structure resembling those in the genus
Gammarus.
The anterior lip (fig. 5) exhibits the usual rounded form, and has the
terminal edge somewhat narrowed and very slightly insinuated in the middle.
The posterior lip (fig. 7) has the inner lobes well defined, the outer ones
projecting outside in a conical lappet.
The mandibles (fig. 6) are strongly built, and exhibit the usual arma-
ture of the masticatory part. The palp is very large, nearly twice as long
as the mandible, and has the middle joint the largest, being edged inside
with numerous long and slender bristles. The terminal joint is rather
narrow and somewhat compressed, with the distal part of the inner edge
densely setous, and having besides on the outer edge 3 fascicles of
bristles.
The 1st pair of maxille (fig. 8) have the basal lobe well developed and
of a triangular form, with about 8 ciliated sete along the inner edge. The
masticatory lobe and the palp are of the usual appearance.
Mi3.-Mar. erp. 354. 82
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 375
The 2-nd pair of maxillee (fig. 9) have the inner lobe smaller than the
outer, both Heng provided at the tip with numerous curved bristles, and the
inner The, in Addition, with a series of setae somewhat inside the edge.
The maxillipeds (fig. 10) are of moderate size, with the masticatory
lobes a little larger than the basal ones, and armed on the inner edge with
a row of strong spines, at the tip with several curved sete. The palp is
not very strong, with the last joint rather narrow, and the dactylus ungui-
form.
The gnathopoda (figs. 11, 12) are powerfully developed and very un-
equal in size, the posterior ones being much the larger. In structure they
otherwise nearly agree with each other, both pairs having the basal joint
rather strong and muscular and the carpus comparatively small, with a nar-
row setiferous lobe below. The propodos, especially in the posterior pair
(fig. 12), is very large and elongated, gradually tapering distally, with the
palm very oblique and scarcely defined from the hind margin by any distinct
angle, though marked off from by 2 strong spines.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 13, 14) are very strongly built
and densely setiferous. The meral joint is considerably expanded, termina-
ting in front in a projecting, densely setous corner, and also the carpal joint
somewhat widens distally, whereas the propodal joint exhibits the usual
narrow linear form.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 15—-17) are likewise rather
strong and moderately elongated, being, like the anterior ones, densely
covered with bristles both on the basal and terminal part. There also occur
on the outer joints a number of strong spines, especially densely crowded at
the end of the meral and carpal joints. The antepenultimate pair (fig. 15)
are, as usual, somewhat shorter than the succeeding pairs, and have the basal
joint not very large, oblong oval in form, and not at all produced at the
infero-posteal corner. The basal joint of the penultimate pair (fig. 16) is
somewhat more elongated, but otherwise of a similar appearance to that of
the former pair. The last pair (fig. 17) have the basal jomt much larger
than in the preceding ones, and of a rather regular oval form, with the distal
part of the anterior edge very densely clothed with bristles and projecting
below as an obtuse corner. The posterior edge of the joint is quite evenly
curved, and, as in the preceding pairs, densely fringed with rather long and
slender bristles. Of the outer joints of these legs, the carpal one is fully as
long as the propodal one, the dactylus not being very strong.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 18, 19) are comparatively strongly
built, with the rami subequal and rather stout, each having at the tip 4 un-
usually coarse and somewhat blunted spines, and a single lateral one,
us3.-Mar. erp. 355. 33
376 G. 0. SARS,
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 20) are comparatively short and stout, but
little projecting beyond the others. The basal part is rather thick and armed
at the end below with a transverse row of strong spines. The inner ramus —
is very small and scale-like carrying, at the tipa single spine. The outer ra-
mus is scarcely twice as long as the basal part and somewhat flattened, being
fringed in its outer part with long, ciliated setee, and haying besides, about
in the middle outside, 2 strong juxtaposed spmes. The terminal joint is ex-
tremely small, nodiform.
The telson (fig. 21) consists of 2 slightly diverging lobes of nearly equal
breadth throughout, each armed, onthe obtusely truncated tip, with 3 strong
spines increasing in length outwards.
Occurrence. — A few specimens of this form were collected by Mr. -
Warpachowsky at Stations 63 and 64, both lying in the eastern part of
the North Caspian Sea.
Dr. Grimm has collected the species in 3 different Stations, one belong-
ing to the southern part of the Caspian Sea, the other 2 to the middle
part, the depth being from 35 to 40 fathoms.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Pl, IX.
Gammarus Warpachowskyi, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | Fig. 10. Last pereiopod.
1
left side. » 11. First uropod,
» 2, Cephalon, from left side. » 12. Second uropod,
» 8, Superior antenna. » 13. Last uropod,
» 4. Inferior antenna. » 14. Telson.
» 5. Anterior gnathopod, with the corre-| » 15. Adult male, viewed from right side.
sponding coxal plate. » 16. Inferior antenna of same.
» 6. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,| » 17. Anterior gnathopod,
branchial and incubatory lamelle. » 18. Posterior gnathopod.
» 7, Second pereiopod, with coxal plate. » 19. Urosome, without the uropoda, viewed
» 8. Antepenultimate pereiopod. from right side.
» 9, Penultimate pereiopod.
PIX
Gammarus minutus, G. O. Sars,
Fig. 1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from| Fig. 8. Penultimate pereiopod.
left side. » 9, Last pereiopod.
» 2. Superior antenna, » 10. Second uropod.
» 3. Inferior antenna. » 11, Last uropod.
» 4, Anterior gnathopod, with coxal} » 12. Adult male, viewed from right side.
plate. » 18. Anterior gnathopod of same, with cox-
» §. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate, ; al plate.
branchial and incubatory lamelle. » 14, Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
» 6, Second pereiopod, with coxal plate. » 15. Last uropod,
» 7, Antepenultimate pereiopod. » 16, Telson.
u3,-Mar, erp. 356, 34
Fig. 17. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | Fig.
»
»
»
»
Fig. 1. Adult ovigerous female, viewed from } Fig.
»
»
»
»
Fig.
CRUSTACEA CASPIA.
377
Gammarus macrurus, G. O. Sars.
left side.
18. Superior antenna.
19. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
20. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamelle.
21. Second pereiopod, with coxal plate.
Pl. XI.
Gammarus compressus, G.
left side.
2. Superior antenna,
8. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
4, Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamelle.
4aOuter part of the latter, more highly.
magnified,
Gammarus similis, G. O.
Fig. 17,
11. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from
right side.
Superior antenna,
Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamelle.
Second pereiopod, with coxal plate.
Antepenultimate pereiopod.
12,
13.
14,
15.
16,
Pl, XII.
22.
Antepenultimate pereiopod.
23,
Penultimate pereiopod, without the
propodal joint.
Last pereiopod, without the outer part.
First uropod.
Last uropod.
Telson.
24,
25.
26,
27,
O. Sars.
5. Second pereiopod, with coxal plate.
6, Antepenultimate pereioped.
7. Penultimate pereiopod, without the
outer joints.
8. Last pereiopod.
9. Last uropod.
10. Telson.
Sars.
Basal part of penultimate pereiopod.
Last pereiopod,
. Last uropod, .
. Telson.
. Anterior gnathopod of male, with coxal
plate.
. Posterior gnathopod of same.
Gammarus robustoides, Grimm.
Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from
left side.
. Superior antenna,
. Anterior gnathopod, with'coxal plate.
Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamelle.
. Second pereiopod, with coxal plate.
Antepenultimate pereiopod.
Penultimate pereiopod, without the
outer joints,
. Last pereiopod.
. First uropod.
Pl. XII.
Fig. 10. Last uropod.
»
»
»
11. Telson.
12. Adult male, viewed from right side.
13. Accessory appendage of superior an-
tenna.
14. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
15. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
but without the branchial lamella.
16. Second uropod.
17. Urosome with telson, dorsal view.
18. Dorsal part of urosome, viewed from
right side.
Gammarus crassus, Grimm.
1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from
left side.
. Superior antenna.
. Dorsal part of urosome, viewed from
left side.
. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamellz.
6. Second pereiopod with coxal plate.
‘bus.-Mat, erp, 357.
oe oo bo
85
Fig. 7. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
»
8. Penultimate pereiopod.
9. Last pereiopod,
10. Second uropid.
11 Last uropod.
12. Telson.
13. Adult male, viewed from right side.
14. Anterior gnathopod.
15. Posterior gnathopod.
378
_
G. 0. SARS, CRUSTACEA CASPIA.
BIGXLY
Gammarus abbreviatus, G. O. Sars.
11.
12.
13.
14,
15.
16.
17.
18.
197
1, Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | Fig. 10.
left side. »
2. Dorsal face of urosome, viewed from | »
left side, »
3. Superior antenna. »
4. Inferior antenna. »
5. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
6. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate, | »
branchial and incubatory Jamelle. »
7. Second pereiopod, with coxal plate. »
8. Antepenultimate pereiopod. »
9. Basal part of penultimate pereiopod.
PI. XV;
Gammarus obesus, G. O.
Last pereiopod.
First uropod.
Second uropod.
Last uropod.
Adult male, viewed from right side.
Accessory appendage of superior an-
tenna. :
Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
Posterior gnathopod.
Last uropod.
Telson.
Sars.
1, Adult female, viewed from left side, | Fig. 10. Last uropod.
2. Superior antenna, » 11. Telson.
3. Inferior antenna. » 12, Adult male, viewed from right side.
4, Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.}| » 13. Accessory appendage of superior an-
5. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate, tenna.
branchial and incubatory lamella. » 14. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
6 Second pereiopod, with coxal plate. » 15. Posterior gnathopod.
7. Antepenultimate pereiopod. » 16. First uropod.
8. Penultimate pereiopod. » 17. Second uropod.
9. Last pereiopod. » 18, Last uropod.
P), XVI.
Niphargoides caspius, Grimm,
1. Adult male, viewed from left side. Fig. 11. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
laLateral corner of last epimeral plate | » 12. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate
of metasome. and branchial lamella.
2. Adult male, dorsal view. » 13. First pereiopod.
3. Superior antenna, » 14. Second pereiopod.
4, Inferior antenna. » 15, Antepenultimate pereiopod.
5. Anterior lip. » 16. Penultimate pereiopod.
6. Right mandible, with palp. » 17. Last pereiopod.
7. Posterior lip. » 18. First uropod.
8. First maxilla. » 19, Second uropod.
9. Second maxilla. » 20, Last uropod.
0. Maxillipeds, without the left palp. » 21. Telson.
———- >:
us.-Mar. erp. 558.
fe bt Teg
*<
86
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda. PIIX.
G.0.Sars. autogr.
Gammarus Warpachowskyi,n. sp.
A
Ti - Pete
julie
>
Tae ,
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda.P1X.
Me
G.0.Sars autogr.
Figs 1-16 Gammarus minutus,n.sp. = Aetiiniia
Figs.17-27 Gammarus macrurus,n, sp.
6.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda. PIX.
CW ».
iA
G.0.Sars autogr -
* Figs’ |-|0 Gammarus compressus.n, sp.
Figs. || -20 Gammarus similis, n,sp.
‘
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda.PIXI
\
th
“g
TS.
G.0.Sars. autogr. ¥
| Gammarus robustoides Grimm.
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda.PIXII.
Zag
y
N ff Sh
\" J
q te
\)
§
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
* Amphipoda. Pl XV.
G.0.Sars autogr.
Gammarus abbrevialus,n.sp.
b.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda.P1 XV.
G.0.Sars autogr.
Gammarus obesus,n.sp.
- 7
oe A) OO OS eee eee ee a
a ei ee
: - ~o hee
'
7
6.0.Sars Crustacea caspia. |
; Am phipoda.P1. XV.
G.0.Sars autogr.
Niphargoides caspius, (Grimm)
-
2
}
~~
wo
‘
7
OLJIA BJIEHIE. — SOMMATRE.
VWspreyenia usb ak Sea sachra-
Hifi Akayzemin.
H. A. Conune. O HpOMSBOAHEIXS oyak-
WiAXb BLICHMIMXS NOPALKOBS .
lr. 0. Capes. Kacuiiicria paxoodpasunia,
Marepiaant 41a uaysenia Kapmuno-
axorugeckoit mayuEt Kacnilickaro Mopa
(cb 8 TaGaunamu pute.) .
PT. Tuapsens. TipeoSpasopanie nepioat-
YeECKUX arperaToBh . .
Ka, 6. Foanutiny. O cBoSoguoli ouepritt.
Crp.
193
321
343
379
387
Extraits de proéés yerbaux des séances
de PAcadémie . .
N. Sonin. Sur les derivées dordre supé-
rieur :
G. 0 Sars. Crustacea Caspia. Contribu-
tions to the knowledge of the Carcino-
logical Fauna of the ( Caspian Sea (with
8 autographic plates) .
H, Gyldén, Zur Transformation der | peri-
odischen Aggregate . artis
Pr. B. Galitzine. Sur Pénergie libre.
Hanewarauo uo pacnopaxkeniio Umuerarorckoit Akazemin Hayne.
Henpembunniii cexperapp, Akagemuk H. Jyopooune.
Jlexadpp 1894 rv.
THUOPPA®IA MMUEPATOPCKOM AKAJEMIM HAYEK.
Bac. Oerp., 9 amnis, Ae 12.
ioe) Te
—s
vi
7. |
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MsBBCTIAL
WMIMEPATOPCKON AKA TEMIM HAYE’D.
TOM'b IT. Ne 3.
28395: ORDA SBYr S-
a
BULLETIN
VACADEMIE IMPERIALE DES SCIENCES
DE
ST.- PETERSBOURG.
Ve SERIE. TOME III. N 3.
1895. OCTOBRE. -~
fr
C.-TETEPBYPI'b. 1895. ST.-PETERSBOURG.
TIpoxaerca y Komuccionepost AmuePatorcKoil Commissionnaires de l’Académie IMPERIALE
Axagemiu Hayrs: des Sciences:
KM, MW. Pnasynosa, M. 3rrepca uw Komn, 1 K. JI. Punkepa J. Glasounof, M. Eggers & Cie. et C. Ricker
Bb C.-Ierep6yprs, a4 St.-Pétersbourg, %
H. 11. Kap6acuukoga Be C.-Ilerepoyprh, Mocks’ N. Karbasnikof & St.-Pétersbourg, Moscou et
nu Bapuiash, Varsovie,
H. Kummenn B® Pursd, N. Kymmel & Riga
| ®ocer (F. Tacceat) B® Jeiionurs. Voss’ Sortiment (6. Haessel) 4 Leipzig.
Q Inna: 1 p. — Priv: 2 Mk. 50 Pf.
M3BBCTIA MMNEPATOPCKOU AKAJEMIM HAYEK. 1895. OKTABPb. T. Ill, No 3.
(Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersboure.
1895. Octobre. T. III, N 3.)
Crustacea caspia.
Contributions to the knowledge of the Carcinological Fauna
of the Caspian Sea.
By G. O. Sars,
Professor of Zoology at the University of Christiania, Norway.
Part III.
7 ae Yd bp Ae oe BY el ME
Third Article.
Gammaride (concluded). Corophiide.
With 8 autographic plates.
(Présenté Je 19 avril 1895).
18. Niphargoides corpulentus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XVII, figs. 1—19).
Specific Characters. — 3. Body very robust and tumid, with broadly
vaulted back. Cephalon exceeding in length the 1st segment of mesosome,
lateral lobes obtusely rounded. Anterior pairs of coxal plates somewhat
deeper than the corresponding segments, and fringed on the distal edge
with moderately long bristles; 1st pair scarcely expanded distally; 4th
pair about as broad as they are deep. Last pair of epimeral plates of
metasome slightly produced at the lateral corners, and having outside the
latter an oblique row of bristles. Segments of urosome slightly raised dor-
sally, the last 2 with a pair of small, subdorsal spinules. Eyes well developed,
though not very large, oval reniform, pigment dark. Antenne short and
stout, the superior ones about twice the length of the cephalon, with the
flagellum fully as long as the last 2 peduncular joints combined, accessory
appendage half the length of the flagellum and 4-articulate. Inferior antenne
about the length of the superior, flagellum longer than the last peduncular
joint. Gnathopoda moderately strong and somewhat unequal, the posterior
ones being the larger, propodos in both pairs oblong oval, not tapering
distally, palm well defined and shorter than the hind margin. Pereiopoda
$u3.-Mar. crp. 183, I
276 G. 0. SARS,
densely setiferous, the 2 anterior pairs very robust, with the meral and
carpal joints lamellarly expanded; the 3 posterior pairs more slender, basal
joint of last pair very large and expanded, with the posterior edge strongly
arcuate and fringed with long sets. The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda with
the rami subequal and armed with spines of the usual shape. Last pair of
uropoda comparatively short, outer ramus fringed with long ciliated sete,
inner ramus small, scale-like. Telson with the lateral lobes but slightly
divergent and obtusely truncated at the tip, each with a row of 5 slender
apical spines. Length of adult male 14 mm.
Remarks. — The present species is allied to N. caspius, but easily dis-
tinguishable by the more robust form of the body, the less densely hirsute
coxal plates, the rather different shape of the propodos of the gnathopoda,
and finally by the greatly expanded basal joint of the last pair of pereiopoda.
Description of the adult male. — The length of the largest specimen
measures 14 mm., and this form accordingly grows to a considerably larger
size than N. caspius.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is very robust and tumid, with the
dorsal face broadly vaulted, and the species thus fully deserves its specific
name corpulentus.
The cephalon is of a shape similar to that in NV. caspius, though ex-
ceeding somewhat in length the 1st segment of the mesosome. The frontal
edge is but very slightly produced between the bases of the superior antenne.
The lateral lobes are somewhat projecting and obtusely rounded at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively larger than in N.
caspius, being considerably deeper than the corresponding segments, and
are fringed on their distal edge with a regular row of bristles, which, how-
ever, are not nearly so much elongated and so densely crowded as in the said
species. The plates successively increase in size posteriorly, the Ist pair
(see fig. 4) being the smallest and of a regular oblong quadrangular form,
with the outer part not expanded. The 2nd pair (see fig. 1) are somewhat
narrowed distally, whereas the 3rd pair are almost of equal breadth through-
out. The 4th pair are rather large, about as broad as they are deep, and
are considerably expanded in their outer part, forming below the posterior
emargination a rather projecting corner. °
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are, as in N. caspius, small and
slightly bilobed, successively diminishing in size posteriorly.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, and of a shape
similar to that in N. caspius. As in that species, the last pair (fig. 10) are
provided with an oblique row of densely crowded bristles outside the lateral
corners, which latter appear slightly produced.
Gus.-Mar. erp. 184. 2
Ud
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. ited
The urosome is rather stout, and has the segments slightly raised dor-
sally, without, however, forming any distinct projections. They have a few
small hairs on the upper face, and the last 2 segments besides 2 very small
subdorsal spinules.
The eyes are well developed, though not very large, and of an oval
reniform shape. The pigment in 2 of the 3 specimens examined was of the
usual dark hue, in the 3rd, belonging to the collection of Dr. Grimm, it
was almost quite absent, probably owing to the action of the spirit.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) are short and stout, about twice as long
as the cephalon, and have the 1st peduncular joint very large and massive,
whereas the 3rd joint is rather small, scarcely exceeding half the length of
the 2nd. The flagellum is a little longer than the last 2 peduncular joints
combined and composed of 8 articulations. The accessory appendage is half
as long as the flagellum, and 4-articulate.
The inferior antenne (fig. 3) scarcely exceed in length the superior, and
are less densely setous than in N. caspius, otherwise of a quite similar
structure. The flagellum is, however, less rudimentary, exceeding in length
the last peduncular joint, and is composed of 6 articulations.
The oral parts exactly agree in their structure with those in the type
species.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4 and 5), on the other hand, are rather different,
being on the whole less powerfully developed than in that species. They are
somewhat unequal in size, the posterior ones (fig. 5) being, as usual, the
larger, and are clothed with scattered fascicles of slender bristles. The pro-
podos in both pairs is of a rather regular oblong quadrangular shape, being
not, as in N. caspius, conically tapered distally. The palm is much less ob-
lique, and is defined below by a distinct angle carrying 2 or 3 spines, the
outmost of which is rather strong. The hind margin is considerably longer
than the palm, and provided in the posterior pair with 3 fascicles of short
spiniform bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are very largely developed
and densely setiferous. The meral joint is large and gradually expanded
distally, projecting at the end anteriorly to an obtuse, densely setiferous
projection. The carpal joint is very broad and lamellarly expanded, carrying
on the posterior edge a regular series of strong curved set, and at the
anterior corner a dense brush of slender bristles. The propodal joint, as in
N. caspius, is rather narrow and setous only at the tip. The dactylus is
about half the length of that joint.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 7—-9) are more slender than the
anterior, and are, like the latter, rather densely setous, having, in addition to
Ou3,-Mar. orp. 185. 3
278 G. 0. SARS,
the setie, at the end of the joints slender spines. The antepenultimate pair
(fig. 7) are, as usual, considerably shorter than the other 2, which are about
of equal length. The basal joint of the former is rather broad and obliquely
oval in shape, with the anterior edge considerably curved. The basal joint
of the penultimate pair (fig. 8) is considerably narrower and more elongated,
with the posterior edge slightly sinuate in the middle and fringed with
slender set. The last pair (fig. 9) are distinguished by the large size of the
basal joint, which is greatly expanded and of a broad cordiform shape, with
the posterior edge strongly curved below the middle, and fringed with long
sete springing off from small serrations of the edge. The outer joints of
these legs nearly agree in their longitudinal relation with those in N. caspius.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 11) are rather stout, but otherwise
of quite normal structure, with the rami subequal and armed with scattered
spines of the usual kind.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 12) are comparatively short, and resemble
in structure those in the type species. The basal part is short and thick,
and is armed at the end below with a transverse row of 7 slender spines.
The outer ramus is about twice as long as the basal part, and densely fringed
in its outer part with ciliated sete, having besides on the outer edge 2 strong
spines. The terminal joint of this ramus is extremely small, nodiform. The
inner ramus exhibits the usual scale-like shape, and scarcely exceeds in
length the basal part. It is armed at the tip with 2 strong spines, and has
inside 3 small bristles.
The telson (fig. 15) is, as in the other species, cleft to the base, being
accordingly divided into 2 halves, which are somewhat longer and less
diverging than in N. caspius. Kach lobe carries at the obtusely truncated
tip a transverse row of 5 slender spines increasing in length outwards, but
is otherwise quite unarmed.
Occurrence. — Of this species 2 specimens were collected by Mr. War-
pachowsky, the one at Stat. 2, in the western part of the North Caspian
Sea, south of the Tschistyi Bank, the other at Stat. 59, farther north, at
some distance from the mouth of the Wolga. Both specimens were of the
male sex. A third male specimen has been collected, according to the label,
by Dr. Baer, but without statement of locality.
19. Niphargoides compactus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XVII, figs. 14—19).
Specific Characters. — 3. Body extremely robust and compact, having the
last 2 segments of mesosome and those of metasome each provided with a well-
$n3.-Mar. erp. 186. 4
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 279
marked transverse sulcus dorsally. Cephalon comparatively small, with the
lateral lobes evenly rounded. Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather large,
fully twice as deep as the corresponding segments, and fringed distally with
moderately long bristles; 1st pair considerably expanded in their outer part;
4th pair very large, deeper than they are broad. Last pair of epimeral plates of
metasome about as in the preceding species. Urosome of moderate size; 2nd
segment with a single small spinule dorsally; 3rd segment with 2 spinules
on each side of the dorsal face. Eyes well developed, oval reniform. Antennze
short, subequal in length, the superior ones with the 2nd joint of the ped-
uncle rather elongated, flagellum extremely small, accessory appendage 4-
articulate. Inferior antenne with the flagellum very small, not even attain-
ing the length of the last peduncular joint. Gnathopoda very powerfully
developed and rather unequal in size, propodos in both pairs large and
broad at the base, obpyriform, with the palm very oblique and much longer
than the hind margin, being defined below, in the posterior pair, by a distinct
projecting angle armed with a strong spine. Pereiopoda nearly of the same
structure as in N. corpulentus. Last pair of uropoda comparatively more
fully developed than in the 2 preceding species, outer ramus sublamellar
and densely fringed with ciliated set, inner ramus scale-like, having inside
a row of ciliated bristles, and terminating with 2 small spines. ‘lelson with
each of the lateral halves armed at the obtusely truncated tip with 4 spines.
Length of adult male 17 mm.
Remarks. — This new species is at once distinguished by its unusually
stout and compact body, and by the distinct transverse sulci crossing the
dorsal face of some of the segments. Moreover the structure of the antenne
and especially that of the gnathopoda may serve to easily recognize the
species. I have only seen a single specimen, and for this reason have not
been able to examine the oral parts. But there cannot be any doubt that it
is congeneric with the 2 preceding species.
Description of the male. — The length of the specimen examined measures
17 mm., and this form accordingly grows to a much larger size than any of
the other known species of the present genus.
The form of the body (see fig. 14) is extremely robust and compact,
more so indeed than in any of the other species. The back is very broad
and has across each of the 2 posterior segments of the mesosome and those
of the metasome a very conspicuous transverse depression or sulcus.
The cephalon is comparatively small, scarcely longer than the 1st seg-
ment of the mesosome, and its lateral parts are partly concealed by the
largely developed 1st pair of coxal plates. The lateral lobes are somewhat
projecting and quite evenly rounded at the tip.
y3.-Mar. erp. 187. 5
280 G. 0. SARS,
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively large, being fully
twice as deep as the corresponding segments, and are fringed on their distal
edges with a regular row of moderately long bristles. The Ist pair are, un-
like what is the case in the 2 preceding species, considerably expanded in
their outer part, being accordingly much broader than the succeeding pair.
The latter are, like the 3rd pair, obliquely rounded at the tip, both pairs
being almost exactly of the same shape, though somewhat differing in size.
The 4th pair are very large and expanded, being somewhat deeper than
they are broad, and exhibit the usual irregular, angular shape, with a
distinctly projecting corner below the posterior emargination.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively small, though
a little larger than in the 2 preceding species.
The epimeral plates of the metasome exhibit almost exactly the same
shape as in NV. corpulentus, and the last pair have a similar oblique row of
bristles outside the lateral corners as found in the 2 preceding species.
The urosome is somewhat less robust than in N. corpulentus, but other-
wise exhibits a very similar appearance. As in that species, there is a small
dorsal spinule on the 2nd segment, and on the last segment (see fig. 19)
2 similar spinules are found on each side of the dorsal face.
The eyes are well developed and of a form and size similar to those in
N. corpulentus.
The antenne are short and subequal in length, being about twice as
long as the cephalon. They are rather richly supplied with bristles, generally
arranged in distinct fascicles, especially along the outer edge. The superior
ones (fig. 15) have the 1st joint of the peduncle large and somewhat flattened,
the second much narrower and rather elongated, whereas the 3rd joint is
extremely small, scarcely exceeding '/, of the 2nd. The flagellum is likewise
unusually small, not even attaining half the length of the 2 last peduncular
joints combined, and is composed of 9 articulations. The accessory appendage
is about half as long as the flagellum, and 4-articulate. The inferior antenne
(fig. 16) have the 2 outer joints of the peduncle comparatively more slender
than in the 2 preceding species, and densely clothed posteriorly with slender
bristles. The flagellum is extremely small, being much shorter than the last
peduncular joint, and is composed of 6 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 17 and 18) are very powerfully developed and
rather unequal in size, the posterior ones being much the stronger. The
propodos in both pairs, but especially in the posterior one, is very large
and greatly tumefied at the base, nearly obpyriform in shape, with the palm
very oblique and much longer than the hind margin. The defining angle is
on the posterior pair (fig. 18) greatly projecting and, as in the anterior
4u3.-Mar. erp. 188. 6
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 281
pair, armed with a strong spine, which is accompanied by 2 smaller ones.
The carpus is short and broad, being produced below to a narrow seti-
ferous lobe.
The pereiopoda (see fig. 14) are on the whole very similar to those in
N. corpulentus, and, as in that species, the basal joint of the last pair is
very large and laminar, being densely fringed with bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda are of the usual structure.
The last pair of uropoda (see fig. 19) appear somewhat more fully de-
veloped than in the 2 preceding species, and have the outer ramus rather
broad, sublamellar, and densely fringed with ciliated sete. As in the pre-
ceding species, there are besides on the outer edge of this ramus 2 ledges,
to each of which are secured 2 spines. The terminal joint is so very small
as easily to escape attention. The inner ramus exhibits the usual scale-like
appearance and has inside a row of 7 short, ciliated sete, at the tip 2 small
spines.
The telson (ibid.) resembles that in N. corpulentus, except that each of
the lateral halves has only 4 apical spines.
Occurrence. — The above described specimen was taken by Mr. War-
pachowsky last summer in the eastern part of the North Caspian Sea, at
Stat. 65.
20. Niphargoides quadrimanus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(P]. XV, figs. 1—13).
Specific Characters. — Body less robust than in the 3 preceding species,
and not nearly so tumid, back quite smooth throughout. Cephalon rather
small, with the lateral lobes broadly rounded. Anterior pairs of coxal plates
of moderate size, and fringed distally with a regular row of bristles; 1st pair
scarcely expanded distally; 4th pair about as broad as they are deep. Last
pair of epimeral plates of metasome nearly rectangular, and without any row
of bristles outside the lateral corners. Eyes comparatively small, oval reni-
form. Antenne comparatively more elongated than in the 3 preceding species
and subequal in length, the superior ones with the 1st joint of the peduncle
very large, fully twice as long as the other 2 combined, flagellum exceeding
half the length of the peduncle, accessory appendage 6-articulate. Inferior
~ antenne® rather strongly built, with the antepenultimate and penultimate
joints of the peduncle expanded posteriorly to setiferous lobes, the outer 2
peduncular joints being moreover armed with spines arranged in oblique
rows, flagellum exceeding half the length of the peduncle. Gnathopoda of
exactly same appearance in the 2 sexes, being rather powerful and some-
us.-Mar, crp. 189. 7
282 &.0. SARS,
what unequal in size, propodos of the anterior ones oval quadrangular, that
of the posterior considerably larger and more regularly quadrate in outline,
palm in both pairs nearly transverse, defining angle armed with 3 spines,
the outmost of which is particularly strong. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda
less robust than in the 5 preceding species, carpal joint scarcely expanded,
propodal joint armed with a double row of slender spines. The 3 pos-
terior pairs of pereiopoda rather much elongated and densely supplied with
bristles as also with fascicles of slender spines; basal joint of last pair
very much expanded, with the posterior edge somewhat irregularly curved
and fringed with short bristles. The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda rather robust
and armed with strong spines. Last pair of uropoda reaching considerably
beyond the others, outer ramus more than twice as long as the basal part
and edged with scattered non-ciliated bristles, terminal joint well defined;
inner ramus small, scale-like. Telson small, with the lateral lobes strongly
diverging, each with a single apical spinule. Length of adult female 10 mm.
Remarks. — The present form is chiefly characterised by the shape of
the propodos of the posterior gnathopoda, which is more pronouncedly
quadrate than in any of the other known species: hence the specific name.
From the 3 preceding species it is moreover easily distinguished by its less
robust body and by the structure of the antenne and caudal appendages,
In outer appearance this and the following species bear a strange resemblance
to the species of the genus Pontoporeia.
Description of the female. — The length of fully adult, ovigerous speci-
mens is about 10 mm.
The body (see fig. 1) is on the whole considerably more slender than in
the 3 preceding species, and also much less tumid, with the back evenly
rounded and quite smooth throughout, without any trace of the transverse
depressions found in N. compactus.
The cephalon is comparatively small, though somewhat exceeding in
length the 1st segment of the mesosome. The frontal edge is somewhat pro-
duced between the bases of the superior antennie, without, however, forming
any distinct rostral projection. The lateral lobes are rather prominent and
broadly rounded at the tip; behind them there is a rather deep emargination
encircling the large and swollen basal joint of the inferior antenne.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are of moderate size, bemg somewhat
deeper than the corresponding segments, and are fringed distally with slender
sete, which become rather short on the 4th pair. The 1st pair (see fig. 4) are
of about the same breadth throughout, and have the distal edge somewhat
oblique. The 2 succeeding pairs are regularly oblong quadrangular in shape.
The 4th pair (see fig. 6) are, as usual, the largest, being about as broad as
us.-Mur. erp. 190. 8
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 283
they are deep, and exhibiting a distinctly projecting corner just below the
posterior emargination. The 3 posterior pairs are small and bilobed.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed and quite
smooth. The last pair are nearly rectangular, and do not exhibit any trace
of the oblique row of bristles found in the 3 preceding species outside the
lateral corners.
The urosome is of moderate size and perfectly smooth above.
The eyes are distinct, though not very large, and of an oval reniform
shape, with dark pigment.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) are considerably more elongated than in
the 3 preceding species, being about 3 times as long as the cephalon. The
1st joint of the peduncle is very large, fully twice as long as the other 2
combined, and is densely setous on the outer edge. The 3rd joint is about
half as long as the 2nd, both being densely setous outside. The flagellum
considerably exceeds half the length of the peduncle, and is composed of
about 11 articulations. The accessory appendage is half as long as the
flagellum, and 6-articulate.
The inferior antennee (fig. 3) are about equal in length to the superior, and
are rather strongly built, being generally bent in a genicular manner. The
basal joint is very large and globular. The antepenultimate and penultimate
joints of the peduncle are both expanded posteriorly to short setiferous
lobes, that of the penultimate joint having, moreover, outside 2 oblique rows
of short spines. The last peduncular joint is simple cylindric and nearly as
long as the penultimate one. It has posteriorly several fascicles of slender
bristles and outside 4 oblique rows of small spines. The flagellum is fully
as long as the 2 outer joints of the peduncle combined, and is composed of
10 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4, 5) are rather powerful and somewhat unequal
in size, the posterior ones (fig. 5) being, as usual, the larger. The propodos
of the anterior gnathopoda (fig. 4) is quadrangular in shape, that of the
posterior ones (fig. 5) considerably broader and more pronouncedly quadrate
in outline. In both pairs the palm is nearly transverse and defined below by
a distinct angle, to which are secured 3 spines, the outmost of which is
particularly strong. The hind margin is somewhat longer than the palm, and
exhibits in its outer part 3 or 4 fascicles of short bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are moderately strong, with
the meral joint rather large and densely setiferous on the posterior edge.
The carpal joint is, on the other hand, but very little expanded, and is pro-
vided posteriorly, in addition to the sete, with 3 strong spines. The propodal
$u3,-Mar. erp. 191, 9
284 @. 0. SARS,
joint is, as usual, narrow linear, and is armed in its outer part posteriorly
with a double row of slender spines.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 7—9) are rather elongated
and generally strongly reflexed. They have the outer part densely setiferous
and besides provided with fascicles of slender spines. The antepenultimate
pair (fig. 7) are, as usual, somewhat shorter than the other 2, and have the
basal joint regularly oval inform, with from 4 to 5 fascicles of slender bristles
anteriorly. The meral joint of this pair is rather broad, its posterior edge
bulging considerably in the middle. In the penultimate pair (fig. 8) the
basal joint is comparatively narrower and more elongated, with the posterior
edge slightly sinuated below the middle. The last pair (fig. 9) are dis-
tinguished by the large size of the basal joint, which forms posteriorly a
very broad lamellar expansion, the edges of which are somewhat irregularly
curved and throughout fringed with short bristles. Anteriorly this joint
terminates in an obtuse corner very densely clothed with slender bristles.
The outer joints of these legs exhibit a similar longitudinal relation as in
the 3 preceding species.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 10—11) are rather strongly built,
with the rami subequal and armed with 5 strong apical spines and a single
lateral one.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 12) are considerably more elongated than
in the 3 preceding species, projecting far beyond the other pairs. The basal
joint is rather short and armed at the end below with a transverse row of 5
not very elongated spines. The outer ramus is fully twice as long as the
basal part and rather narrow, with only scattered simple bristles and 2
fascicles of spines on the outer edge. The terminal joint of this ramus is
well defined and about '/, as long as the proximal one, terminating in an
obtuse setiferous point. The inner ramus is small and scale-like, with 2
apical spines.
The telson (fig. 13) is comparatively small, and has the lateral lobes
strongly diverging, each armed with only a single apical spinule.
The male does not differ from the female except by the anterior pairs
of coxal plates being somewhat smaller. On the other hand, neither in the
structure of the antenne nor in that of the gnathopoda or caudal appendages
are there any differences to be detected, and this is probably the case with
all the species belonging to this genus.
Occurrence. — Of this species solitary specimens were collected by Mr.
Warpachowsky at 3 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea, the one
(St. 58) located in the western part of that basin, north of the Tschistyi
Bank, the 2nd (St. 61) occurring far north, at some distance outside the
$u3.-Mar. erp. 192, 10
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 285
Bay Bogutui Kultuk, and the 3rd (St. 63) lying Some aet farther south
than the latter. st
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this species is likewise represented only
by quite solitary specimens collected in the southern and middle part of the
Caspian Sea, the depth varying from 7 to 20 fathoms.
21. Niphargoides zquimanus, G. ©. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XVIII, figs. 14-23).
Specific Characters. — Very much like the last described species, as to
outer appearance, but of much smaller size. Cephalon considerably exceeding
in length the 1st segment of mesosome, and having the lateral lobes rather
produced and rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates comparatively
smaller than in N. quadrimanus, and fringed with scattered bristles distally;
1st pair somewhat expanded in their outer part; 4th pair fully as broad as
they are deep. Epimeral plates of metasome well developed and quite smooth.
Urosome without any spines dorsally. Eyes comparatively small. Antenne
- of a structure similar to that in N. quadrimanus, but with a less number
of articulations in the flagella. Gnathopoda almost exactly alike both in
structure and size, propodos in both pairs oblong quadrangular, with the
palm much shorter than the hind margin. Pereiopoda resembling those in
N. quadrimanus, except that the basal joint of last pair is still more ex-
panded. Last pair of uropoda comparatively more elongated than in the said
species. Telson with the lateral lobes scarcely diverging, each armed at the
tip with 2 unequal spines. Length of adult male 5 mm.
Remarks. — This form is very nearly allied to N. quadrimanus, and
may easily be confounded with it. On a closer examination, it is, however,
found to differ, not only by its small size, but also in some structural de-
tails, especially in the structure of the gnathopoda and the shape of the
basal joint of the last pair of pereiopoda. Finally the last pair of uropoda
are more elongated, and the lateral lobes of the telson scarcely diverging.
Description of the male. — The length of an apparently adult specimen
measures only 5 mm., and this form is accordingly much inferior in size to
the other known species. The form of the body (see fig. 14) is rather slender
and somewhat compressed, bearing on the whole a strong resemblance to
that in N. quadrimanus. ¢
‘he cephalon is almost as long as the first 2 segments of the mesosome
combined, and has the lateral lobes rather prominent and narrowly rounded
at the tip.
bus.-Mar. crp. 193. II 20
286 @. 0. SARS,
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are but little deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and are fringed on the distal edge with a restricted
number of slender bristles. The Ist pair (see fig. 17) are somewhat expanded
in their outer part, with the distal edge slightly curved. The 2 succeeding
pairs are oval quadrangular in form, and obtusely truncated at the tip. The
4th pair are fully as broad as they are deep, and of the usual, irregular,
angular shape.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are rather large, and without any
trace of bristles. The last 2 pairs are nearly rectangular, whereas the Ist
pair, as usual, are more rounded.
The urosome is comparatively stout, and has not any spines dorsally, the
first 2 segments having only in the middle of the dorsal face a few small hairs.
The eyes are rather small and of an oval reniform shape, with dark
pigmient.
The antenne (figs. 15, 16) exhibit a structure similar to that in N.
quadrimanus, but have the flagella less fully developed, each being com-—
posed of only 7 articulations. The accessory appendage of the superior ones
is scarcely half so long as the flagellum, and 5-articulate.
The gnathopoda (figs. 17, 18) are moderately strong, and, unlike what
is the case in the other species, subequal, the propodos being in both pairs
almost exactly alike both in size and shape. It is of an oblong quadrangular
form, with the palm nearly transverse and much shorter than the hind
margin. The spines issuing from the lower corner are less strong than in
N. quadrimanus.
The pereiopoda resemble in their structure those in the said specics. On
closer comparison, however, some minor differences are to be found. Thus the
basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 19) appears comparatively shorter
in proportion to its breadth, and that of the last pair (fig. 20) has the post-
erior expansion still larger and more regularly rounded, with a smaller
number of marginal bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 21) are likewise much of the same
appearance as in N. qguadrimanus, except that the rami want the lateral
spine present in that species.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 22) are still more slender than in the said
species, the outer ramus being about 3 times as long as the basal part. It
has but very few marginal bristles, and, as in N. quadrimanus, 2 fascicles
of spines on the outer edge. The inner ramus has but a single apical spinule.
The telson (fig. 23) differs from that in the said species in having the
lateral lobes comparatively broader and not at all diverging, each being
armed at the tip with 2 unequal spinules.
Ous.-Mar. crp. 194, 12
CRUSTACEA GASPIA. 287
Occurrence. — Of this species only 3, partly defective specimens were
collected by Mr.pWarpachowsky at Stat. 55, occurring north of the island
of Kulaly.
In the collectiomof Dr. Grimm there is a single specimen, which was
taken in the middle part of the Caspian Sea, near the western coast, from
a depth of 10 fathoms.
Gen. 6. Pandorites, G. O. Sars.
Syn.: Pandora, Grimm.
Generic Characters. — Body but little compressed, and quite smooth
above. Coxal plates of moderate size; Ist pair the smallest; 4th pair but
slightly emarginated posteriorly. Epimeral plates of metasome well develope d
Urosome short and stout. Eyes placed close to the lateral lobes of the cephalon.
Antenne rather slender, but not much elongated, equal-sized, the superior
ones with an accessory appendage. Oral parts normal. Gnathopoda very un-
equal, and of the same structure in the 2 sexes; the anterior ones of normal ap-
pearance, the posterior ones, however, peculiarly developed and rather power-
ful, resembling those in the genus Gammaracanthus, the propodos being
ereatly expanded distally, with the palm arcuate and having below a parti-
cularly long and slender spine. Pereiopoda not much elongated, and of normal
structure, basal joint of last pair lamellarly expanded. Last pair of uropoda
small. Telson likewise small and cleft to the base.
Remarks. — This genus has been established by Dr. Grimm to include
a rather peculiar Gammarid from the Caspian Sea to be described below.
But as the name he proposes, Pandora, has been used long ago, and as
also the derivations Pandorina and Pandorella have been appropriated in
Zoology, I propose to change the name to Pandorites. Besides the typical
species, P. podoceroides, Dr. Grimm refers another form to the same genus
under the name of P. coeca. But this form differs essentially both in the
structure of the antenne and gnathopoda, and cannot therefore in my opinion
be regarded as congeneric. The specimens of the latter form contained in the
collection of Dr. Grimm and taken from the very considerable depth of 108
fathoms, would all seem to be still immature.
22. Pandorites podoceroides, Grimm, MS.
(PI. XIX).
Specific Characters. — Body rather slender, with evenly rounded back,
and exhibiting in its outer appearance some resemblance to that in the
us.-Mar. erp. 195. 13 90*
288 G. 0. SARS,
species of the genus Podocerus. Cephalon with the lateral lobes rather pro-
jecting and evenly rounded at the tip, postantennal corners produced to an
acute point. Anterior pairs of coxal plates considerably deeper than the
corresponding segments, and but sparingly sctous; 1sé pair much smaller
than the others, and somewhat tapering distally; 4th pair rather broad, with
the infero-posteal corners angularly produced. Last pair of epimeral plates
of metasome almost rectangular. Urosome short and stout, with a few small
hairs and spinules dorsally. Eyes of moderate size and oval in form, being
placed just within the edges of the lateral lobes of the cephalon. Superior
antenne about twice the length of the cephalon, joints of the peduncle suc-
cessively diminishing in size, flagellum nearly as long as the peduncle, ac-
cessory appendage comparatively small and 4-articulate. Inferior antenne
with the last 2 joints of the peduncle simple cylindric, flagellum about half
the length of the peduncle. Anterior gnathopoda moderately strong and
rather densely setous, propodos obpyriform, with the palm oblique and
imperfectly detined below. Posterior enathopoda much larger and rather
elongated, with only scattered small bristles, basal joint subfusiform, the 3
succeeding ones comparatively small and narrow, propodos extremely large
and gradually expanded distally, palm obliquely arcuate and defined below
by a very slight angle, dactylus long and falciform. The 2 anterior pairs of
pereiopoda of moderate size and rather densely setous; the 3 posterior pairs
slightly increasing in length and comparatively strongly built, basal joint
of last pair large and lamellar, its posterior expansion terminating below
in a broadly rounded lobe, and having the edge smooth. Last pair of uro-
poda extremely small, outer ramus scarcely longer than the basal part and
having the terminal joint quite rudimentary, inner ramus scale-like, with a
single apical seta. Telson small, lateral lobes not diverging, each with a
single apical spine. Length of adult female 11 mm., of male 13 mm.
Remarks. — This is the only as yet known species of the genus, the
form named by Dr. Grimm Pandora coeca being, as above stated, not con-
generic.
Description of the female. — The length of fully adult, ovigerous speci-
mens is about 11 mm.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is somewhat-slender, and scarcely at
all compressed, the back being broadly rounded and quite smooth through-
out. On the whole it bears an unmistakable resemblance to that in some
species of the genus Podocerus, or rather Ischyrocerus; hence the specific
name proposed by Dr. Grimm.
The cephalon is not fully so long as the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and forms (see fig. 2) a slight angular projection in front.
‘bus.-Mar. erp. 196. 14
pe
CRUSTACEA GASPIA. 289
The lateral lobes considerably project between the bases of the 2 pairs of
antenne, and ave quite evenly rounded at the tip. The postantennal corners
are produced to an acuminate, anteriorly curving process.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are considerably deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and are, excepting the 1st pair, but very sparingly
“setous at the distal edge. The Ist pair (see fig. 12) are much smaller than
the others and somewhat tapered distally, with the tip obliquely rounded
and fringed with a number of rather elongated sete. The 2 succeeding pairs
(see figs. 13, 14) are comparatively broad, and subrhomboidal in shape, with
the terminal edge obtusely rounded. The 4th pair (see fig. 16) are still some-
what broader and but very slightly emarginated posteriorly, with the pos-
terior expansion not, as usual, truncated, but terminating in a single angular
corner.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates successively decrease in size, the
antepenultimate pair (see fig. 17) being considerably larger than the other
2, though not nearly so deep as the anterior pairs
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size and perfectly
smooth. The lst pair, as usual, exhibit a rounded form, whereas the 2 suc-
ceeding pairs are almost rectangular.
The urosome is comparatively short and stout, with a few small hairs
and spinules dorsally.
The eyes (see fig. 2) have a somewhat unusual position, being placed
close to the edges of the lateral lobes of the cephalon, and also by this
character the present form acquires some habitual resemblance to the species
of the genus Podocerus. They are of moderate size and oval in form, with
the visual elements well developed and the pigment of a dark hue.
The superior antenne (fig. 3) are rather slender, but not very much
elongated, scarcely exceeding twice the length of the cephalon. The Ist joint
of the peduncle is much the largest, being fully as long as the other 2 com-
bined, and, like the latter, is provided at the end with slender bristles. The
3rd joint is rather small, about half the length of the 2nd. The flagellum is
nearly as long as the peduncle, and composed of 7 articulations. The acces-
sory appendage is rather small, being about 1, as long as the flagellum, and
4-articulate.
The inferior antenne (fig. 4) are about the length of the superior, and
of quite normal structure, being, as the latter, clothed with scattered fascicles
of slender bristles. The 2 outer joints of the peduncle are simple cylindric,
and successively diminish both in length and breadth. The flagellum does
not attain the length of those joints combined, and is composed of 5 rather
slender articulations.
‘bus.-Mar, erp. 197. 15
290 G. 0. SARS,
The oral parts (figs. 5—11) are of quite normal structure, and need not
therefore be described in detail.
The anterior gnathopoda (fig. 12) likewise exhibit quite a normal ap-
pearance, being moderately strong and rather densely setiferous. The pro-
podos is somewhat tumid, and of an ovate, or rather obpyriform shape, with
the palm not defined below by any distinct angle, but carrying at the junction
with the hind margin the usual spines.
The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 13), on the other hand, are quite unlike
the anterior, and of a rather peculiar structure, strongly reminding of
that characteristic of the genus Gammaracanthus. They are much larger
than the anterior ones and considerably elongated, being also much less
densely setiferous. The basal joint is large and dilated on the middle, ex-
hibiting a somewhat fusiform shape, and is filled with strong muscles moving
the outer part of the leg. The 3 succeeding joints are comparatively small
and narrow, the carpal one being produced below to a short and narrow
setiferous lobe. The propodos is exceedingly large, and gradually expands
distally, acquiring thereby a somewhat flattened shape. The palm is longer
than the hind margin and obliquely curved, its edge being sharpened and
fringed with a regular row of small bristles. The defining angle is very
slight, and is (see fig. 14) armed with 3 comparatively short spines, behind
which there are 2 or 3 fascicles of comparatively short bristles. Inside the angle,
as in most other Gammaridie, 2 juxtaposed spines occur, the outer of which is
exceedingly slender and elongated. Between these 2 spines and those of the
defining angle the tip of the slender, falciform claw is received when impinged.
The anterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 15, 16) do not exhibit any es-
sential peculiarity in their structure. They are rather densely setous and
somewhat unequal in size, the Ist pair (fig. 15) being the larger.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 17—19) are comparatively
strongly bwilt and not much elongated, being provided in their outer part
with fascicles of slender bristles. The antepenultimate pair (fig. 17) are, as
usual, somewhat shorter than the other 2, and have the basal joint oval
quadrangular in form, with the anterior edge slightly curved and throughout
provided with fascicles of slender bristles. The basal joint of the penultimate
pair (fig. 18) is more elongated and somewhat narrowed distally, with 4
fascicles of bristles on the outer part of the anterior edge. The last pair
(fig. 19) are distinguished by the large size of the basal joint, which forms
posteriorly a broad lamellar expansion terminating below in a rounded lobe.
The edges of the expansion are obscurely serrate, but without any trace of
bristles. On the other hand the anterior edge of this joint is very densely ~
setiferous in its outer part.
yus.-Mar. crp. 198. 16
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 291
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (figs. 20, 21) are comparatively strongly
built, with the rami subequal and armed at the tip with blunt spines. In the
Ist pair (fig. 20) each of the rami has besides a lateral spine, whereas in the
2nd pair (fig. 21) this is only the case with the inner ramus.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 22) are extremely small, reaching but little
beyond the others. The outer ramus is scarcely longer than the basal part,
and has one lateral and 2 apical spines, but no lateral sete. The terminal
joint of this ramus is so very minute as easily to escape attention, forming
only a diminutive nodule tipped with a few hair-like bristles. The inner
ramus is of the usual scale-like character and provided with a single apical
bristle.
The telson (fig. 23) is likewise unusually small, scarcely reaching beyond
the basal part of the last pair of uropoda. It is divided by a deep and nar-
row Cleft into 2 halves, each of which carries on the somewhat truncated tip
a single spine accompanied by a small hair.
The adult male (fig. 24) is somewhat larger than the female, attaining
a length of about 13 mm., and has the metasome somewhat more fully de-
veloped, but is otherwise of a very similar appearance. In the structure of
the antennz, no other difference is to be found than that the flagella have a
somewhat greater number of articulations. Also the gnathopoda exhibit a
structure very similar to that in the female, though the posterior ones ap-
pear somewhat larger.
Occurrence. — Of this interesting form a few specimens were collected
by Mr. Warpachowsky at Stat. 63, in the eastern part of the North
Caspian Sea.
The collection of Dr. Grimm contains solitary specimens, derived from
4 different Stations, one of which is located in the southern part, the other
3 in the middle part of the Caspian Sea, the depth ranging from 7 to 48
fathoms.
Fam. COROPHIID 4.
Gen. Corophium, Latr.
Remarks. — This genus, as is well known, has hitherto been regarded
as exclusively marine, no species having ever been found in fresh water;
and even in brackish water it is rather seldom to meet with these peculiar
Amphipods, which on the whole would seem to be restricted to the open
Ocean coasts, where the water is very salt. From the Black Sea only 3
species are recorded by Mr. Sowinsky, and one of these, described as
‘bus.-Mar, crp. 199. 17
999 G. 0. SARS,
C. longicorne var. levicorne, is evidently not at all a Corophium, but a true
Siphonoecetes. The remaining 2 species are C. Bonelli Edw. and C. crassi-
corne Bruzel., both known also from the European coasts, and it is most
probable, that the form recorded by Dr. Marcusen as C. bidentatum is
identical with the last named species, in which case only 2 species are met
with in the Black Sea. It was therefore rather unexpected to find this genus
very abundantly represented in the Caspian Sea, both as to species and in-
dividuals. On a closer examination of the rich material of Corophians col-
lected by Mr. Warpachowsky, I have been enabled to distinguish no less
than 6 different species, all of which are new to science, exhibiting well
marked differences from those earlier known. It will be shown below that
the species are rather easily distinguishable especially by the structure
of the inferior antenne, those of the male sex particularly exhibiting the
distinguishing characters very clearly pronounced. The Corophians are known
to be chiefly littoral and sublittoral in their occurrence, living partly among
alge, partly at muddy bottom, and in both cases constructing for themselves
abodes of mud or other material for dwelling in. The same habits are also
to be stated for the Caspian species, and their muddy tubes are often found
together with the specimens, in several cases containing within them the
animal in its original position.
25. Corophium nobile, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XN and XXI).
Specific Characters. — Cephalon angularly produced between the bases
of the superior antenne, lateral corners narrowly rounded. First pair of
coxal plates densely clothed with slender, partly ciliated sete. All the seg-
ments of urosome distinctly defined. Superior antennze very slender and
clongated, exceeding in male half the length of the body; peduncle, especi-
ally in the male, densely setiferous, its 1st joint having in both sexes 2 dis-
tant spines on the lower edge, flagellum in male exceeding the length of the
peduncle. Inferior antenne in male very strongly developed, equalling in
length about */, of the body, penultimate joint of the peduncle rather large
and tumid, being produced at the end posteriorly to 2 somewhat diverging
unguiform projections, the outer of which is the larger, last joint somewhat
shorter than the penultimate one, and having above the middle a short spini-
form prominence, but no spine at the end. Inferior antenne in female much
less strong than in male, but of a similar structure, though the projections of
the penultimate peduncular joint are smaller and less divergent. Gnathopoda
of the structure characteristic cf the genus. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda
‘Dus.-Mar, erp. 200 18
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 293
comparatively slender, with the meral joint not much expanded, and in male
densely clothed with slender bristles anteriorly. Last pair of pereiopoda very
much elongated, exceeding half the length of the body, basal joint rather
expanded and, as usual, provided on both edges with a double row of partly
ciliated sete, outer joints very slender and narrow. The 2 anterior pairs of
uropoda strongly built and densely spinous; last pair small, with the terminal
joint oval lamelliform and densely setiferous. Telson about twice as broad as
it is long, and provided at the end above with 2 lamelliform crests, each di-
vided into 4 recurved teeth, tip transversely truncate. Length of adult female
10 mm., of male 11 mm.
Remarks. — This is the largest and finest of the Caspian species, and is
easily recognizable by the slender and elongated superior antenne, and by
the structure of the inferior ones. Moreover the comparatively slender form
of the anterior pairs of pereiopoda may serve to easily distinguish this
species trom the other Caspian forms.
Description. — The length of adult, ovigerous females is about 10 mm.,
that of males 11 mm., and this form accordingly grows to a considerably
larger size than any of the other known species.
The form of the body (see Pl. XX, figs. 1 and 2, Pl. XXI, fig. 1) is that
characteristic of the genus, being subdepressed, with the back broadly vaulted,
and the lateral parts of the segments extended horizontally. As seen from
above (Pl. XXI, fig. 1), the body appears nearly of equal breadth through-
out, exhibiting a somewhat linear form.
The cephalon is broad, subdepressed, and exceeds somewhat in length
the first two segments of the mesosome combined. The frontal edge is (see
Pl. XXI, fig. 1) angularly produced in the middle, and the lateral corners
project as narrowly rounded lobes between the bases of the 2 pairs of
antenne, Behind these lobes the lateral edges of the cephalon form (see
Pl. XX, figs. 1 and 2) a broad emargination encircling the base of the in-
ferior antenne. '
The coxal plates are, as in the other species of the genus, very small
and scale-like. The Ist pair (see Pl. XX, fig. 12) are, however, somewhat
more fully developed, being produced anteriorly to a narrowly rounded lobe
clothed with numerous slender, anteriorly curving sete, some of which are
finely ciliated. The 3 posterior pairs are slightly bilobed, with the anterior
lobe the larger.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are rather shallow, and all of them
obtusely rounded at the lateral corners, their edges being densely fringed
with ciliated bristles. Those of the last pair are much larger than the others
in accordance with the greater development of the corresponding segment.
‘bus,-Mar. erp. 201. 19
294 @. 0. SARS,
The urosome (Pl. XXI, fig. 9) is short and stout, much depressed, and
divided into 3 distinctly defined segments rapidly diminishing in size.
The eyes are small, rounded, and located at the bases of the lateral lobes
of the cephalon. The ocular pigment is of a dark hue, but the visual elements
would seem to be less perfectly developed.
The superior antenne (Pl. XX, fig. 3, Pl. XXI, fig. 2) are very slender,
and somewhat more elongated in the male than in the female, considerably
exceeding half the Jength of the body in the former. The peduncle is densely
setiferous, especially in the male, and, as usual, is composed of 3 distinctly
defined joints, the 1st of which is much the largest, though not fully so long
as the other 2 combined. In both sexes this joint is armed on the lower edge
with 2 distant spines. The 3rd joint is scarcely more than half as long as
the 2nd and very narrow. The flagellum is extremely slender, filiform, equal-
ling in the female about the peduncle in length, in the male considerably
longer, and divided into about 20 short articulations.
The inferior antennie (Pl. XX, fig. 4, Pl. XXI, fig. 3) are in both sexes
subpediform, but much larger in the male than in the female, exceeding in
the former */, of the length of the body. The peduncle is only composed of
4 joints, the first 2 being fused together. The penultimate joint is much the
largest, and especially in the male very much tumefied, exhibiting a some-
what fusiform shape. It is in both sexes produced at the end posteriorly to
2 strong unguiform projections, the outer of which is the larger. These pro-
jections are, however, much coarser and more divergent in the male than
in the female (comp. Pl. XX, fig. 4 and Pl. XXI, fig. 3). The last peduncular
joint, which is very movably articulated to the penultimate one, is somewhat
shorter than the latter and much narrower, being sublinear in form. It is,
like the preceding joints, provided inside with fascicles of slender bristles,
and has the posterior edge produced above the middle to a short and stout,
somewhat recurved projection, which is received between the projections of
the preceding joint, when the outer part of the antenna is bent in against
the inner. The flagellum is not fully so long as the last peduncular joint,
and is composed of 3 articulations, the last 2 of which, however, are very
small. It is densely clothed on both edges with fascicles of slender bristles.
At the tip it has a dense brush of very delicate bristles, between which, on
close examination, 2 short curved hooks are found to project, both issu-
ing from the extremely small terminal joint (see Pl. XXI, fig. 4).
The buccal area (see Pl. XX, figs. 1 and 2) is not much protuberant,
and partly covered by the 1st pair of coxal plates. The oral parts, though
exactly agreeing with those in the other species of the genus, may here be
Pus.-Mar. crp. 202. 20
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 295
described in detail, as they in some points differ rather markedly from those
in the Gammaride.
The anterior lip (Pl. XX, fig. 5) is broadly quadrangular in form, with
a dentiform projection in front. The terminal edge is very slightly emargi-
nated and finely ciliated.
The posterior lip (fig. 6) is rather large, with distinctly developed inner
lobes. The outer lobes are narrowly rounded at the tip, which is edged with
delicate cilia, and project outside to a narrow lappet.
The mandibles (figs. 7, 8) are short and stout, with a well-developed
molar expansion. The cutting edge is in both mandibles divided into 2 super-
posed lamellz, the outer of which is distinctly dentated, whereas the inner is
very narrow, spiniform, especially on the right mandible. Behind the cutting
edge there occur on the left mandible 3, on the right only 2 ciliated spines. The
palp (see fig. 7) is very small, and composed of only 2 joints of about equal
length, and generally forming together a strong geniculate bend. The 1st
joint has at the end a single spiniform seta, and a similar, though somewhat
more slender seta issues from the tip of the very narrow, conically tapering
terminal joint.
The Ist pair of maxille (fig. 9) would seem wholly to want the basa
lobe. The masticatory lobe is narrowly truncated at the end, which carries
several slender spines. The palp is well developed and biarticulate, with the
terminal joint somewhat expanded distally and armed at the tip with a
number of small spines.
The 2nd pair of maxille (fig. 10) are rather fully developed, being
scarcely smaller than the 1st pair. The inner lobe is somewhat curved and
narrowed distally, having at the tip a dense clothing of small spines and
along the inner edge a regular row of slender, ciliated sete. The outer lobe
is considerably larger than the inner and somewhat expanded distally, with
a dense brush of slender spines on the obtusely truncated tip.
The maxillipeds (fig. 11) exhibit all the pertaining parts well developed.
The basal lobes are of a somewhat unusual form, being conically tapered
distally, and having along the inner edge a row of slender curved sets. The
masticatory lobes are very much elongated, narrow linguiform in shape, and
fringed along the inner edge with numerous very delicate bristles. The palps
are slender, and rather densely setiferous, with the joints somewhat laminar.
The last joint is comparatively small and narrow, and the dactylus is ex-
tremely minute, knob-shaped, and setous at the tip.
The anterior gnathopoda (fig. 12) are comparatively slender and feeble
in structure. The basal joint is rather narrow, though gradually somewhat
widening distally. The ischial joint is short and thick, and carries below a
us.-Mar, erp. 203. 21
296 G. 0. SARS,
dense transverse row of very slender anteriorly curving sete. The meral
joint is so very minute as easily to escape attention. The carpus, on the
other hand, is very large and compressed, almost fusiform in outline, and is
very densely setiferous, especially on the lower edge. The propodos is some-
what shorter than the carpus, slightly curved, and rather narrow, though
gradually widening distally, being densely clothed anteriorly with slender
bristles; partly arranged in transverse rows. The palm is very short and
transverse, being defined below by a distinctly projecting corner; its edge
is minutely spinulose. The dactylus is comparatively slender, and extends
considerably beyond the defining corner of the palm, when closed.
The posterior gnathopoda (fig..13) are more strongly built than the
anterior, and of a very different structure. The basal joint is rather thick
and not much elongated, being firmly connected with the extremely short,
nearly band-shaped ischial jomt. The meral joint is peculiarly develaped,
being produced along the lower side of the carpus to a broad, lamellar ex-
pansion, which is firmly connected to the latter, though defined by a dis-
tinct suture. The expansion, which extends until the end of the carpus, is
fringed with a double row of exceedingly long and slender sets, which are
finely ciliated and curved anteriorly, forming together a broad fan. The
propodos is very narrow and elongated, sublinear in form, and clothed on
both edges with fascicles of slender bristles. It projects at the end below the
dactylus to an acute corner; but no distinct palm is present. The dactylus
is slender and curved, being armed on the concave edge with 4 strong
secondary denticles.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (Pl. XXI, fig. 5) are exactly alike
both in size and structure, and are rather slender, compared with those
in the other species. The basal joint is slightly expanded and, as in the
other species, contains a glandular mass, which probably serves to secrete
a viscid fluid to be used for constructing the dwelling tubes. The meral
joint is about the length of the last 2 combined, and is not much expanded,
terminating at the end anteriorly in an obtuse corner. Anteriorly this joint
is in the male clothed with slender diverging bristles, forming a very dense
brush. The propodal joint is very narrow and conically tapering, with scat-
tered small bristles on the edge and at the tip. The dactylus is about the
length of that joint and very slender, terminating in a sharp point.
The 2 succeeding pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 6 and 7) are comparatively
short and stout, and of essentially the same structure, though somewhat
unequal in size, the antepenultimate pair (fig. 6) being considerably shorter
than the penultimate one (fig. 7). In both pairs the basal joint is rather ex-
panded and of an oval fusiform shape, but in the antepenultimate pair its
us.-Mar. erp. 204. 22
“ta
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 297
posterior edge is nearly straight and perfectly smooth, whereas in the pen-
ultimate pair itis arched and fringed with a number of ciliated sete. The
meral joint gradually widens distally and is obliquely truncated at the end,
with the anterior corner more prominent than the posterior. The carpal
joint is considerably smaller, and likewise obliquely truncated at the end,
but in an inverted manner, the posterior corner being the more prominent.
On the outer side of this joint there are 2 oblique rows of strong curved
spines, the lower row, terminating at the posterior corner, containing 6 spines
successively increasing in length distally. The propodal joint is very narrow,
sublinear, and much longer than the carpal one. The dactylus is compara-
tively short and strongly curved, being more or less extended outwards, for
which reason it often appears inverted. Both those pairs of legs are generally
found to be strongly reflexed, with their outer part extended laterally (see
fig. 1), avd it is most likely that they are of essential service in affixing the
animal within its tube.
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 8) exhibit an appearance very different
from that in the 2 preceding pairs. They are very slender and elongated,
considerably exceeding half the length of the body, and are generally ex-
tended straight backwards. The basal joint is lamellarly expanded and
broadly oval in form, though somewhat tapering distally. It is fringed on
both edges with numerous slender plumose seté, arranged in a double row,
those of the anterior edge being generally curved downwards. The outer
joints are very narrow and increase somewhat in length, the propodal one
being the longest. They are clothed with fascicles of slender bristles, those
issuing from the end of the joints being particularly elongated. The dactylus
is of moderate length, somewhat curved, and terminates in a very acute
point.
The branchial lamellie (see fig. 5 and 6) are simple, oblong oval in form,
and only present at the base of the 4 anterior pairs of pereiopoda.
The incubatory lamellw (see Pl. XX, fig. 1 and 13) are present at the
base of all the legs, except the anterior gnathopoda and the last pair of
pereiopoda. They are narrow linguiform in shape so as not to fit together
with their edges. As they, however, are all round fringed with strong
incurved setz, the ova in the marsupial pouch are by these means securedly
kept in place.
The pleopoda (Pl. XX, fig. 14) are distinguished by the unusual de-
velopment of the basal part, which is produced inside to a very large and
broad, sublaminar expansion, into which a bundle of strong muscular fibres
are seen to pass. Inside the obtuse tip of this expansion 2 peculiarly con-
structed spines are found to be secured, being placed close together and
@us.-Mar, erp. 205. 23
298 @. 0. SARS,
provided with small recurved hooks (see fig. 15). By the aid of these spines,
which meet the corresponding ones on the adjacent pleopod, both are bound
together, so as only to be admitted to move simultaneously. The rami, which
issue close together from the outer corner of the basal part, are turned ob-
liquely inwards, and are divided into numerous short articulations, each
carrying a pair of long natatory sete.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (Pl. XX, figs. 9, 10, 11) are essentially
of the same structure, though rather different in size, the 1st pair being much
the larger. They are rather strongly built, with both the basal part and the
rami coarsely spinous. In the 1st pair (fig. 10) the basal» part is nearly
twice as long as the rami, and armed in the distal part of the inner edge
with 4 very strong spines, the outer edge being minutely spinulose through-
out. The rami are subequal and narrowly rounded at the tip, each carrying
from 17 to 18 spines, which are more densely crowded on the outer edge,
those issuing from the tip being longer than the others. In the 2nd pair
(fig. 11) the basal part is but little longer than the rami, and, like the latter,
has a smaller number of spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 12) are very unlike the preceding ones,
and rather small, scarcely reaching beyond the basal part of the 2nd_ pair.
They are simple, not biramous, being composed of 2 joints of about equal
size, the latter of which is somewhat lamellar and oval in form, being clothed —
at the obtusely rounded tip with a dense brush of slender bristles.
The telson (fig. 13) is nearly twice as broad as it is long, and somewhat
narrowed distally. The tip is entire and almost transversely truncated, being
flanked on each side by a projecting vertical crest, which is divided into 4
small recurved teeth, best seen in a lateral view of the animal (see fig. 14).
No doubt, this peculiar structure of the telson, which seems to be common
to all the species of the genus, may stand in some connexion with the tubi-
colous nature of the animal, serving in all probability to affix the animal
within its tube.
Colowr. — As in most other species, the body is ornamented with a dark
brown pigment, which is pretty well observable even in specimens for a long
time preserved in spirit. This pigment is (see Pl. XX, figs. 1 and 2, Pl. XXI,
fig. 1) chiefly restricted to the dorsal face of the animal, forming on the
cephalon a distinctly defined dark longitudinal band, which expands in front
so as nearly to occupy the whole breadth of the cephalon (see Pl. XXI, fig. 1).
On the mesosome the pigment forms in each segment 2 more or less distinct
transverse bands, which are confluent in the middle of the dorsal face. In
the metasome and urosome the pigment is generally more irregularly dis-
tributed. Moreover, some of the appendages of the body are more or less
$u3,.-Mar. erp. 206. 24
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 299
distinctly pigmented; and especially the inferior antenne in the male show
a rather peculiar afrangement of the pigment, as shown in fig. 2 on Pl. XX
and fig. 1 on Pl. XXI.
Occurrence. — This pretty species has been collected by Mr. Warpa-
chowsky in 9 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea, though in none
of them occurring in any considerable number. Of the Stations 6 (St. 17, 23,
24, 26, 52, 53) are distributed in the tract north of the peninsula Mangy-
schlak, the other 3 (St. 61, 63, 64) in the northern and eastern part of the
basin.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this species is also represented, having
been collected in several places both of the southern and middle part of the
Caspian Sea, at a depth ranging from 6 to 40 fathoms.
24. Corophium chelicorne, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XXII).
Specific Characters. — Frontal edge of cephalon not produced in the
middle, lateral lobes narrowly rounded. First pair of coxal plates with only
3 slender bristles at the tip. The last 2 segments of urosome less distinetly
defined. Superior antenne but sparingly setous, and in female scarcely ex-
ceeding '/, of the length of the body, 1st joint of the peduncle about the
length of the other 2 combined, and in female armed below with about 7
spinules, in male without any such spinules, 2nd joint in male considerably
longer than in female, flagellum in both sexes shorter than the peduncle.
Inferior antenne very strongly built, especially in the male, penultimate
joint of the peduncle exceedingly large and produced at the end posteriorly
to a very prominent, acuminate, thumb-like projection having inside a
small secondary tooth; last peduncular joint scarcely more than half as long
as the preceding one, and armed below the middle with a short recurved
projection, being moreover produced at the end to a strong spiniform pro-
cess, which crosses the end of the thumb-like projection when the joint is
incurved, thereby giving these antennz a pronounced cheliform character;
flagellum about the length of the last peduncular joint, and of the usual
structure. Gnathopoda scarcely differing in their structure from those in the
preceding species. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda somewhat stronger, but
rather much elongated, with the meral jomt longer than the last 2 com-
bined, and gradually widening distally, anterior edge scarcely setous. Last
pair of pereiopoda somewhat shorter and less slender than in the preceding
species, otherwise of a very similar appearance. The 2 anterior pairs of
uropoda with the rami spinous only at the tip and the outer edge. Last pair
us.-Mar. crp. 207. 25
300 : a. 0. SARS,
of uropoda and telson nearly as in C. nobile. Length of adult female 7 mm.,
of male 8 mm.
Remarks. — The present species is easily recognizable by the peculiar
structure of the inferior antennw, which exhibit, as it were, a cheliform
character, on account of the great development of the projection issuing
from the penultimate joint of the peduncle, which forms a sort of thumb,
against which another spiniform process originating from the last peduncular
joint, admits of being impinged; hence the specific name.
Description. — The length of fully adult ovigerous females is about
7 mm., that of males 8 mm., and this species is accordingly somewhat in-
ferior in size to the preceding one.
The form of the body (see figs. 1 and 5) appears on the whole some-
what less slender than in C. nobile, but is otherwise rather similar.
The cephalon is about the length of the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and has the frontal edge not at all produced in the middle
being only slightly arcuate (see fig. 2). The lateral lobes are narrowly
rounded and not very prominent.
The coxal plates are of exactly the same shape as in the preceding
species, but the Ist pair (see fig. 8) have only 3 slender bristles on the tip
and a few small hairs on the anterior edge.
The epimeral plates of the metasome likewise agree with those in the
said species.
The urosome (fig. 14) exhibits the usual short, flattened form, and has
the 1st segment very distinctly defined. On the other hand is the line of
demarcation between the 2 other segments far less distinct, though they are
not perfectly fused together, as is the case in some other known species.
The eyes are very small and rounded, with dark pigment.
The superior antennz are (see figs. 1 and 5) comparatively shorter than
in the preceding species, and in the female scarcely exceed '/, of the length
of the body. In the male they are, as usual, somewhat more elongated,
though not nearly to such an extent as in the male of C. nobile. They are
in both sexes but sparingly supplied with bristles, and have the 1st joint of
the peduncle about as long as the other 2 combined. In the female this joint
(see fig. 3) is armed below with several acute spinules, generally 7 in number,
whereas in the male (see fig. 6) no trace of such spinules are found. In the
latter the 2nd peduncular joint is considerably more elongated than in the
female, being more than twice as long as the 3rd. The flagellum is in both
sexes shorter than the peduncle, and is composed in the female of 10, in the
male of 15 articulations.
dus.-Mar. orp, 208. 26
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 301
The inferior antenne (figs. 4 and 7) are in both sexes very strongly
built, thoughyas usual, much larger in the male than in the female, equal-
ling in the former */, of the length of the body. The penultimate joint of the
peduncle is exceedingly large and tumid, and is produced at the end pos-
teriorly to a very prominent, thumb-like projection terminating in an
acuminate point, and having inside a well marked secondary tooth. This
projection is comparatively more strongly developed in the male than in the
female (comp. figs. 4 and 7), but in both sexes extend until the end of the
last peduncular joint. The latter exhibits the usuak cylindric shape, and is
scarcely more than half as long as the penultimate joint. It has inside, some-
what below the middle, a short and stout recurved prominence, and is more-
over produced at the end to a strong spiniform process. When the joint is
bent in, this process crosses the tip of the thumb-like projection of the pre-
ceding joint, whereby the antenna acquires a pronounced cheliform character
(see fig. 17). The flagellum is about the length of the last peduncular joint,
and of same structure as in the preceding species.
The gnathopoda (figs. 8—9) agree nearly exactly in their structure with
those in the said species, and need not therefore be described in detail.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 10) appear somewhat more
strongly built, though they are rather elongated. The meral joint is somewhat
longer than the last 2 combined, and gradually expands distally, terminat-
ing in front in an obtuse, setiferous prominence. The anterior edge of this
joint is in both sexes nearly quite smooth. ‘The carpal joint is rather short,
and the propodal one less slender than in C. nobile. The dactylus is not fully
so long as the propodal joint, and very acute.
The 2 succeeding pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 11, 12) do not exhibit any
essential difference from those in the preceding species.
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 13) are likewise of a very similar
structure, though being perhaps not quite so slender as in C. nobile. Of the
outer joints, the propodal one is particularly elongated, being nearly-twice as
long as the carpal one.
The uropoda (see fig. 14) agree on the whole with those in the preced-
ing species, except that the rami of the 2 anterior pairs are spinous only at
the tip and the outer edge.
The telson (ibid.) would likewise seem to be constructed in the same
manner as in that species.
Also the pigmentation of the body resembles that observed in C. nobdle.
Occurrence. — This species has been collected by Mr. Warpachowsky
at no less than 10 different Stations of the North Caspian Sea. Of the Stations
one (St. 6) is located near the western coast, at the entrance of the Bai Agra-
Ous.-Mur. erp. 209. 27 21
302 ¢. 0. SARS,
>
chansky, 3 others (St. 53, 54, 56) north and west of the island Kulaly, the
remaining 6 Stations (St. 61, 63, 64, 66, 69, 86) in the eastern part of
the basin. At two of the Stations (St. 63 and 69) it occurred in great abun-
dance.
The species is also rather abundantly represented in the collection of
Dr. Grimm, having been collected in several localities both of the southern
and middle part of the Caspian Sea, the depth ranging from 6 to 44 fathoms.
25. Corophium curvispinum, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XIII, fig. 1—9).
Specific Characters. — Frontal edge of cephalon slightly angular in the
middle, lateral lobes rather prominent and narrowly rounded. First pair of
coxal plates with 3 slender bristles at the tip. Urosome with the 2 outer
segments less distinctly defined. Superior antenn# in female comparatively
short, not attaiming '/, of the length of the body, and but sparingly setous,
1st joint of the peduncle with 4—5 spinules below, flagellum shorter than
the peduncle; those in male much more fully developed, and having the ped-
uncle densely setiferous below, its 2nd joint much elongated, being fully as
long as the Ist, flagellum scarcely exceeding the length of the 2 outer ped-
uncular joints combined. Inferior antenn# much larger in male than in
female, attaining in the former almost the whole length of the body, pen-
ultimate joint of the peduncle gradually widening distally, and produced at
the end posteriorly to a strongly incurved spiniform projection, at the base
of which is a short, slightly bilobed expansion; last peduncular joint nearly
as long as the penultimate one, and having near the base inside a short re-
curved prominence, but no spine at the end; flagellum shorter than the last
peduncular joint. The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda comparatively short
and stout, with the meral joint much expanded. Last pair of pereiopoda
moderately slender and of the usual structure. Uropoda and telson nearly
as in C. chelicorne. Length of adult female 6 mm., of male 7 mm.
Remarks. — As in the other species, the most prominent distinguishing
character is also in this form the structure of the inferior antenne, which
is rather peculiar, and, as usual, more pronounced in the male than in the
female. Moreover the structure of the superior antenne in the male and
that of the 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda_ will serve to peas distinguish
this species from any of the 2 preceding ones. .
Description. — The length of fully adult, ovigerous females does not
exceed 6 mm., that of males heing about 7 mm., and this form accordingly
is still somewhat smaller than C. chelicorne.
?13.-Mar. crp. 210. 28
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 303
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is on the whole much like that in the
2 preceding species, though perhaps a little more slender than in C. cheli-
corne. ,
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and has the frontal edge slightly angular in the middle. The
lateral lobes are rather prominent, and narrowly rounded at the tip.
The coxal and epimeral plates do not differ essentially from those in C.
chelicorne, and the urosome (fig. 8) exhibits likewise a similar appearance
to that in the said species, the last 2 segments being less sharply defined.
The eyes are small, and, as usual, placed at the bases of the lateral
lobes of the cephalon.
» The superior antenne are rather different in the two sexes. In the female
they are (fig. 2) comparatively short, searcely attaining '/, of the length of
the body, and are rather sparingly setous. The 1st joint of the peduncle is
about the length of the other 2 combined, and is armed below with 4—5
small spinules. The 2nd joint has a similar spinule in the middle of the
posterior edge. The flagellum is shorter than the peduncle, and composed of
about 9 articulations. In the male these antennze (see figs. 1 and 4) are
much more fully developed, and have the peduncle densely clothed with
fascicles of slender bristles. ‘The 2nd peduncular joint is considerably elon-
gated, fully equalling in length the 1st one, but is, as usual, much narrower.
The flagellum scarcely exceeds in length the last 2 peduncular joints com-
bined, and is composed of about 12 articulations.
The inferior antennz likewise exhibit a rather different appearance in
the two sexes, being in the male (see fig. 1) much more fully developed than
in the female (fig. 3), attaining in the former almost the length of the whole
body. The penultimate joint of the peduncle gradually widens distally, and
is produced at the end posteriorly (see fig. 5) into a strongly incurved spini-
form projection, at the base of which is a small, slightly bilobed expansion.
The last peduncular joint is rather elongated, being nearly as long as the
penultimate one, but, as usual, much narrower, and of simple cylindric form.
It is armed, at a short distance from the base inside, with a stout recurved
prominence, but it has no spine at the end. The flagellum is shorter than
the last peduncular joint, and exhibits the usual structure.
The gnathopoda scarcely differ in their structure from those in the 2
preceding species.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are, on the other hand, con-
siderably shorter and stouter, with some of the joints lamellarly expanded.
The basal joint is rather broad, with the anterior edge curved and fringed
with about 10 slender set. The meral joint is considerably expanded,
n3.-Mar, erp. 211. 29 21%
304 G. 0. SARS,
being almost as broad as it is long, and is setous on both edges. The last
2 joints are comparatively short, and the dactylus is fully as long as the
propodal joint.
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 7) exhibit the usual slender form, and
are about half as long as the body.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (see fig. 8) are rather short and stout,
especially the 2nd pair (fig. 9), and the rami have a smaller number of
spines than in the 2 preceding species. .
The last pair of uropoda (see fig. 8) are somewhat narrower than in
those species; otherwise of a very similar appearance. This is also the case
with the telson.
The pigment of the body is arranged in a manner similar to that found
in the 2 preceding species.
Occurrence. — This species, as the preceding one, has been collected
by Mr. Warpachowsky at no less than 10 different Stations of the North
Caspian Sea. Of these Stations, 2 (St. 2 and 50) are located in the western
part of the basin, off the Tschistyi Bank, another (St. 21) at the point of
the peninsula Mangyschlak, 4 others (St. 16, 17, 27, 52) in the neigh-
bourhood of the islands Kulaly and Morskoy, and the remaining 3 (St. 32,
55, 56) between these islands and the opposite western coast. At Station
32 and 55 the species occurred rather plentifully.
The species is also represented in the collection of Dr. Grimm, having
been taken in the Bays of Baku and Schachowaja from the shore to 5 fathoms.
Moreover, numerous specimens of a Corophium, extracted from the intestine
of an Accipenser stellatus and preserved in the same collection, have, on a
closer examination, turned out to belong exclusively to this species.
26. Corophium robustum'), G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XXII, figs. 10—16).
Specific Characters. — Body rather robust, with broad flattened back.
Frontal edge of cephalon very slightly angulated in the middle, lateral lobes
narrowly rounded. Coxal plates and urosome about as in the 2 preceding
species. Superior antenn in female comparatively short, not attaining */,
of the length of the body, in male somewhat more elongated and having
the peduncle densely clothed with bristles, 1st joint of the peduncle in
female with 3 small spinules below, 2nd joint in both sexes shorter than
1) In the plate this species is named C. bidentatum; but as this name has been previously
used by Dr. Mareusen for an apparently different species from the Black Sea, I have changed
the name to robustum.
$us.-Mar. orp. 212. 30
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 305
the Ist, flagellum not nearly attaining the length of the peduncle. Inferior
antenne in both sexes very strongly built, though, as usual, somewhat
larger in male than in female; penultimate joint of the peduncle large
and tumid, being produced at the end posteriorly to a moderately long and
but slightly curved spiniform projection, at the base of which, as in C@.
curvispinum, there is a short bilobular expansion; last peduncular joint
much shorter than the penultimate one, and having somewhat above the
middle posteriorly a short recurved prominence, end of the joint produced
to a strong spiniform process; flagellum shorter than the last peduncular
joint. The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda resemble those in G. curvi-
spinum, though they are somewhat more elongated; meral joint rather much
expanded and densely setiferous anteriorly. Last pair of pereiopoda com-
paratively more elongated than in C. curvispinum, exceeding half the length
of the body..Uropoda and telson nearly as in that species. Length of adult
female 7 mm., of male 8 mm.
Remarks. — This species is nearly allied to the preceding one, though
easily distinguishable by the more robust form of the body and by the
structure of the 2 pairs of antennze, the inferior of which are in both sexes
very coarsely built, and have the last peduncular joint, as in C. chelicorne,
produced to a spiniform process.
Description. — The length of adult, ovigerous females is about 7 mm.,
that of males 8 mm., and this form is accordingly somewhat larger than C.
curvispinum, or about the size of C. chelecorne.
The form of the body (see fig. 10) is rather robust, with broad, flattened
back.
The cephalon has the frontal edge but very slightly produced in the
middle, forming an obtuse angle. The lateral lobes are moderately prominent
and narrowly rounded at the tip.
The coxal and epimeral plates do not exhibit any difference from those
in the 2 preceding spines.
The urosome (fig. 15) likewise agrees with that of the said species in
having the last 2 segments less distinctly marked off from each other.
The eyes are small, but distinct, with dark pigment.
The superior antenn are in the female comparatively short, not attain-
ing ¥, of the length of the body, and have the 1st joint of the peduncle
armed below with 3 distant spinules. In the male these antenne (fig. 11)
are, as usual, more fully devoloped, though not nearly so much elongated
as in the male of C. curvispinwm, and as in the latter, have the peduncle
densely clothed with slender bristles. The 2nd joint is somewhat longer in
the male than in the female, but in both sexes it is considerably shorter
‘bus,-Mar. erp. 213, 31
306 @. 0. SARS,
than the Ist. The flagellum in none of the sexes attains the length of the
peduncle, and is composed of about 12 articulations.
The inferior antenne are less different in the two sexes than is the case
in C. curvispinum, exhibiting in both of them a very robust structure. In
the male, however, they are (see fig. 10), as usual, somewhat coarser than in
the female, exceeding somewhat in length */, of the body. The penultimate
joint of the peduncle is very large and tumid, nearly as long as the last
joint and the flagellum combined, and is produced at the end posteriorly to
a moderately long, and but slightly curved spiniform projection, at the base
of which there is a small, slightly bilobed expansion, similar to that found
in C. curvispinum. The last joint of the peduncle has somewhat above the
middle posteriorly a short recurved prominence, and the end of the joint is
produced to a strong spiniform process similar to that in C. chelicorne. The
flagellum is comparatively short, scarcely equalling in length the last ped-
uncular joint, and exhibits the usual structure.
The gnathopoda do not exhibit any peculiarity in their structure.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 13) on the whole resemble those
in C. curvispinum, though they are somewhat more elongated. The basal
joint is pronouncedly laminar and edged anteriorly with long setie. The
meral joint is about the length of the last 2 combined and rather broad,
being in the male densely clothed with bristles anteriorly.
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 14) appear somewhat more elongated
than in C. curvispinum, considerably exceeding half the length of the body,
but otherwise they exhibit a very similar structure.
Also the uropoda and the telson are but little different, though, on a
closer comparison, small differences may be stated to exist. Thus in com-
paring the 2nd pair of uropoda (fig. 16) with those in C. curvispinum (fig. 9),
the rami are found to be comparatively longer and also armed with a greater
number of spines.
The pigmentation of the body is very distinct and of a darker hue than
in the other species.
Occurrence. — Of this species only a few specimens were collected by
Mr. Warpachowsky at Stat. 32, about midway between the peninsula
Mangyschlak and the opposite western coast. Some other specimens were
collected last summer at Stat. 83, probably located in the eastern part of
the North Caspian Sea.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm the species is represented by rather
numerous specimens, partly collected in the Bays of Baku and Schachowaja
from shallow water, partly in the middle part of the Caspian Sea from depths
ranging from 7 to 40 fathoms.
us.-Mar. crp. 214, 32
Say
CRUSTACEA CASPIA, 307
27. Corophium mucronatum, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
. (Pl. XXIV, figs. 1—7).
Specific Characters. — Frontal edge of cephalon angularly produced in
the middle, lateral lobes comparatively short. Superior antennie of moderate
length, and in both sexes but sparingly setous, 1st joint of the peduncle ex-
ceeding the other 2 combined, and having below 3 distant spinules, flagellum
equalling in length the peduncle. Inferior antenn in male rather strong,
with the penultimate joint considerably tumefied, subfusiform, and produced
at the end posteriorly to a long mucroniform projection reaching beyond the
midle of the last joint, and having at the base a small secondary tooth, last
joint somewhat shorter than the penultimate one, and provided near the
base posteriorly with a short recurved prominence, but without any spini-
form process at the end. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda moderately strong,
meral joint rather much expanded distally, and clothed anteriorly with
slender bristles. Last pair of pereiopoda with the outer joints unusually
broad, sublaminar. Uropoda and telson of the usual structure. Length of
adult male 6 mm.
Remarks. — At first sight the present species somewhat resembles
C. chelicorne, but is, on closer examination, easily distinguished by the
very slender mucroniform projection of the penultimate peduncular joint of
the inferior antenne, and by the want of a spiniform process at the end of
the last peduncular joint. Moreover, this species is very prominently dis-
tinguished by the structure of the last pair of pereiopoda, the outer joints
of which exhibit a quite unusual broad, sublamellar shape.
Description of the adult male. — The length of the body in an apparently
full-grown specimen scarcely attains 6 mm., and this form is accordingly
somewhat inferior in size to the preceding ones.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) is that characteristic of the genus,
being on the whole not very slender.
The cephalon has the frontal edge (see fig. 2) considerably produced be-
tween the bases of the superior antenne, forming in the middle an acute
angle. The lateral lobes are comparatively short and narrowly rounded at
the tip.
The coxal and epimeral plates exhibit the usual appearance.
The urosome (tig. 7), as in the 3 preceding species, has the line of de-
marcation between the last 2 segments less distinct than that between the
Ist and 2nd.
The eyes are small, rounded, with dark pigment.
‘bus,-Mar. orp. 215, 33
305 G. 0. SARS,
The superior antenne (fig. 3) are rather elongated, considerably exceed-
ing in length 1/, of the body, and are but sparingly setiferous, The 1st joint
of the peduncle is a little longer than the other 2 combined, and has below
3 distant spinules. The flagellum about equals in length the peduncle, and
is composed of 12 articulations.
The inferior antennee (see figs. 1 and 4) are rather strongly built, though
scarcely exceeding half the length of the body. The penultimate joint of the
peduncle is considerably tumefied, almost fusiform in shape, and is produced
at the end posteriorly to a very long and slender, mucroniform projection
extending beyond the middle of the last joint, and having at the base a small
secondary tooth. The last peduncular joint is somewhat shorter than the
penultimate one, and, as usual, much narrower, being cylindric in form. It
is armed near the base posteriorly with a short recurved prominence, but
has not any spiniform process at the end. The flagellum is a little shorter
than the last peduncular joint, and of the usual structure.
The gnathopoda do not exhibit any peculiarity whatever.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 5) are moderately strong, with
the basal joint pronouncedly laminar, and the meral joint considerably ex-
panded distally, its anterior edge being clothed with scattered slender bristles.
The 2 outer joints are not very slender, and the dactylus is about the length
of the propodal joint.
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are about half the length of the body,
and are prominently distinguished by the unusual shape of the outer joints,
which, instead of being linear, are rather broad and compressed, and edged
with fascicles of delicate bristles.
The uropoda and telson (see fig. 7) do not differ much from those parts
in the other species.
The pigmentation of the body is the usual one, though it is less con-
spicuous than in GC. robustum.
Occurrence. — Of this species some specimens, chiefly of the ‘male sex,
were collected by Mr. Warpachowsky at Stat. 63, in the eastern part of
the North Caspian Sea. Solitary specimens were, moreover, taken at 2 other
Stations (St. 53 and 56) north and west of the island of Kulaly.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm there are a few badly preserved speci-
mens, collected partly in the Bay of Baku, partly in the bay of Balchansky
from comparatively shallow water.
‘uz,-Mar. erp, 216. 34
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 3809
» 28. Corophium monodon, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. XXIV, figs. 8—16).
Specific Characters. — Body rather slender, especially in the male.
Frontal edge of cephalon angularly produced in the middle, lateral lobes
narrowly rounded. Urosome with all the segments well defined. Superior
antennze of moderate length, and not very different in the two sexes, though
the peduncle in male appears somewhat more elongated and more densely
setous, 1st joint of the peduncle in both sexes longer than the other 2 com-
bined, and having at the end below a single spinule; flagellum in female
about the length of the peduncle, in male somewhat shorter. Inferior antennze
in female rather small and feeble, scarcely longer than the superior ones, in
male much more elongated, exceeding */, of the length of the body, pen-
ultimate joint of the peduncle long and slender, almost cylindric in form,
being produced at the end posteriorly to a narrow mucroniform projection
not extending to the middle of the last joint, and having no secondary tooth
at the base; last peduncular joint with only a very slight rudiment of a tooth
near the base posteriorly; flagellum very short, scarcely exceeding half the
length of the former joint. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda somewhat more
slender than in C. mucronatum, meral joint gradually widening distally, and
provided anteriorly with scattered bristles. Last pair of pereiopoda with the
basal joint rather expanded, the outer joints, however, narrow and slender.
Uropoda and telson of the usual structure. Length of adult female 4 mm.,
of male 5 mm.
Remarks.— Of all the Caspian species, this one would seem to come nearest
to the typical species, C. grossipes, Lin. It is however evidently specifically
distinct, differing, among other characters, in the much less strong develop-
ment of the inferior antenne, the penultimate peduncular joint of which is
far less tumefied, and wants the deep sinus occurring in that species at the
base of its terminal projection.
Description. —The length of fully adult, ovigerous females does not ex-
ceed 4 mm., that of the male being 5 mm., and this form accordingly is the
smallest of the Caspian species, and in this respect is also rather inferior to
the typical form, C. grossipes, Lin.
The form of the body (see fig. 8) is rather slender, especially in the male,
otherwise of the usual appearance.
The cephalon has the frontal edge (see fig. 9) distinctly produced in the
middle, forming an almost right angle. The lateral lobes are not very promi-
nent and they are, as in the other Caspian species, narrowly rounded at the tip.
The coxal and epimeral plates are of the usual shape.
bus,-Mar. orp. 217. 35
310 G. 0. SARS,
The urosome (fig. 15) has all the segments very distinctly defined, the
line of demarcation between the last 2 segments being fully as sharply
marked as that between the 1st and 2nd.
The eyes are comparatively larger than in the other species, and of a
rounded form, with the pigment very dark.
The superior antennie are in the female (see fig. 10) about ?/, of the length
of the body, in the male, as usual, somewhat more elongated, though not
nearly reaching half the length of the body. The peduncle is in the female
but sparingly setous, whereas in the male (see figs. 8, 11) it is densely
clothed below with slender bristles. In both sexes the 1st joint of the ped-
uncle is considerably longer than the other 2 combined, and is armed below
with a single spinule placed at the end of the joint. As in most other species,
the 2nd peduncular joint is more elongated in the male than in the female
(comp. fig. 10 and 11). The flagellum in the female about equals the ped-
uncle in length, whereas in the male it is somewhat shorter. It is composed
of from 10 to 12 articulations.
The inferior antennze are in the female (see fig. 10) comparatively small
and feeble, not even exceeding the superior ones in length. In the male (figs. 8
and 12) they are much more fully developed and rather slender, equalling
about */, of the length of the body. The penultimate joint is scarcely at all
dilated, being almost cylindric in form, and in the male nearly attains the
length of the last peduncular joint-and the flagellum combined. It is pro-
duced at the end posteriorly to a simple narrowly mucroniform projection,
which does not nearly extend to the middle of the succeeding joint, and
wholly wants any secondary tooth at the base. The last peduncular joint is
in the female quite unarmed, whereas in the male there is a very slight
rudiment of a dentiform prominence near the base posteriorly. The flagellum
is comparatively very short, being in the male scarcely half as long as the
last peduncular joint.
The gnathopoda exhibit the structure characteristic of the genus.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 13) are somewhat more slender
than in the 3 preceding species, though they resemble on the whole those in
C. mucronatum. As in that species, the meral joint gradually widens distally,
and is provided anteriorly with scattered slender sete.
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 14) are moderately elongated, equalling
about half the length of the body. The basal joint is rather large and ex-
panded, whereas the outer joints exhibit the slender narrow form found in
most other species.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (see figs. 15), are constructed in the
usual manner, though the difference in size is somewhat more pronounced
‘Pus,-Mar. crp, 218, 36
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 311
in this than in most other species, the 2nd pair being very small as com-
pared with the Lst.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 16) have the terminal joint considerably
narrower than the proximal one, and are only provided with a restricted
number of bristles, between which a single apical spine is distinguished.
In the typical species, C. grossipes Lin., this joint is much broader and
lamelliform, without any spine.
The pigmentation of the body would seem to differ somewhat in different
specimens, being as a rule restricted to the cephalon and the 6 anterior seg-
ments of the mesosome only, whereas the posterior part of the body appears
almost devoid of pigment. On the antenne the pigment has a similar ar-
rangement as is found in most other species.
Occurrence, — Of this species numerous specimens were collected by
Mr. Warpachowsky at Stat. 63, lying in tlie eastern part of the North
Caspian Sea. Solitary specimens were moreover taken at Stat. 64, in the
neighbourhood of the former and at Stat. 59, in the western part of the
basin.
In the collection of Dr. Grimm this species is represented by a few, in
most cases very badly preserved specimens, which, according to the labels,
were collected partly in the South Caspian Sea, partly in the Bays of
Murawjew and Krasnowodsk, the greatest depth being 40 fathoms.
‘bus.-Mar. crp. 219. 37
312
@. 0. SARS,
Explanation of the Plates.
PEW:
Niphargoides corpulentus, G. O, Sars.
(Figs. 1—13).
1, Adult male, viewed from left side. Fig. 7, Antepenultimate pereiopod.
2. Superior antenna. » 8. Penultimate pereiopod.
3. Inferior antenna. » 9, Last pereiopod.
4. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate. | » 10, Last epimeral plate, from left side.
5. Posterior gnathopod (basal joint not | » 11. Second uropod.
fully drawn), » 12. Last uropod.
6. First pereiopod. » 13. Telson.
Niphargoides compactus, G. O. Sars.
(Figs. 14—19),
14. Adult male, viewed from right side. Fig. 18. Posterior gnathopod (do).
15. Superior antenna. - » 19. Last segment of urosome, with telson
16. Outer part of an inferior antenna, and right last uropod; dorsal view.
17. Anterior guathopod (basal joint not
fully drawn).
Pl. XVIII.
Niphargoides quadrimanus, G. O. Sars.
(Figs. 1—13).
1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | Fig. 7. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
left side. » 8. Penultimate pereiopod.
2. Superior antenna, » 9. Last pereiopod.
3. Inferior antenna. » 10. First uropod.
4. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate. » 11. Second uropod.
5. Posterior gnathopod. » 12, Last uropod.
6. Second pereiopod with coxal plate. » 13, Telson.
Niphargoides equimanus, G. O. Sars.
(Figs. 14—23).
14. Adult male, viewed from right side. Fig. 20. Last pereiopod.
15. Superior antenna. » 21. Second uropod,
16. Inferior antenna. » 22. Last uropod.
17. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate. | » 23. Telson.
18. Posterior gnathopod (do).
19. Antepenultimate pereiopod (outer part
not drawn).
Pl. XIX.
Pandorites podocerotdes, Grimm.
1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | Fig. 14, Outer part of propodos of same, more
left side. highly maguified.
2. Cephalon, without the appendages. » 15, First pereiopod, with coxal plate.
3. Superior antenna. » 16. Second pereiopod (do).
4, Inferior antenna. » 17. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
5. Anterior lip. » 18. Penultimate pereiopod.
6. Posterior lip. » 19, Last pereiopod.
7. Left mandible, with palp. » 20. First uropod.
8. Masticatory parts of the mandibles. » 2), Second uropod.
9. First maxilla. » 22. Last uropod.
10. Second maxilla. » 23. Telson. ; ;
11. Maxillipeds. » 24, Adult male specimen (from Dr. Grimm’s
12. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate. collection), viewed from right side.
13, Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamell.
us.-Mar, erp. 220. 38
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 313
Pl. XX.
’ Corophium nobile, G. O. Sars.
1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | Fig. 11. Maxillipeds.
left side. » 12, Anterior gnathopod of female, with
2. Adult male, from right side. coxal plate.
8. Superior antenna of female. » 13. Posterior gnathopod of same, with in-
4. Inferior antenna of same. cubatory lamella.
5. Anterior lip. » 14, Pleopod.
6. Posterior lip. » 15. Inner corner of the basal part of same,
7. Left mandible, with palp. more highly magnified, showing the
8. Right mandible, without the palp. peculiar structure of the 2 marginal
9. First maxilla. spines.
10. Second maxilla.
Pl. XXI.
Corophium nobile, G. O. Sars
(continued).
1. Adult male, viewed from the dorsal | Fig. 7. Penultimate pereiopod.
face. » 8. Last pereiopod.
2. Superior antenna of same. » 9. Urosome, without the left Ist and 2nd
3. Inferior antenns of same. uropod; dorsal view.
4. Outer part of the flagellum, highly | » 10. First uropod.
magnified, showing the 2 terminal | » 11. Second uropod.
hooks. » 12. Last uropod.
5. First pereiopod of male, with coxal} » 138. Telson, from the dorsal face.
plate and branchial lamella. » 14. Same, viewed obliquely from right side,
6. Antepenultimate pereiopod (do). showing the vertical, dentated crests.
Pl. XXII.
Corophium chelicorne, G. O. Sars.
1. Adult, ovigerous female, viewed from | lig. 9. Posterior gnathopod.
left side. » 10, First pereiopod. }
2. Frontal part of cephalon; dorsal view. | » 11. Antepenultimate pereiopod, with bran-
3. Superior antenna of same. chial lamella,
4, Inferior antenna of same. » 12. Penultimate pereiopod.
5. Adult male, viewed from right side. » 13, Last pereiopod. :
6. Superior antenna. » 14. Urosome, without the right Ist and 2nd
7. Inferior antenna. uropod; dorsal view. —
8. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
Pl. XXII.
Corophium curvispinum, G. O. Sars.
(Figs. 1—9).
1, Adult male, viewed from right side. Fig. 6. First pereiopod.
2. Superior antenna of female. » 7, Last pereiopod. :
3. Inferior antenna of same. » 8. Urosome, without the right 1st and
4. Anterior antenna of male. 2nd uropod; dorsal view.
5. Middle part of inferior antenna of | » 9. Second uropod.
same.
Corophium robustum, G. O. Sars.
(Figs. 10—16).
10. Adult male, viewed from left side. Vig. 14. Last pereiopod.
11. Anterior antenna of same. » 15, Urosome, without the left Ist and 2nd
12. Middle part of inferior antenna of uropod.
same. » 16. Second uropod.
13. First pereiopod, with coxal plate and
branchial lamella.
us,-Mar. erp. 221. 39 =
314
Fig. 1
» 2
» 5
» 4
Vig. 8
» 9
» 10
pr, Jd
$u3.-Mar. erp. 222.
. Adult male, viewed from left side.
. Frontal part of cephalon; dorsal view.
. Adult male, viewed from right side,
. Cephalon, without the appendages;| »
@. 0. SARS, CRUSTACEA
Pl. XXIV.
Corophium mucronatum, G.
(Figs. 1—7).
Fig. 5.
Anterior antenna of male. yes
. Inferior antenna (basal part not fully | » — 7.
drawn).
CASPIA.
O. Sars.
Tirst pereiopod, with coxal plate and
branchial lamella,
Last pereiopod.
Urosome, without the left Ist and
uropod; dorsal view.
2nd :
Corophium monodon, G. O. Sars.
(Figs. 8—16).
Fig. 12.
13.
dorsal view.
40
Inferior antenna of same.
Tirst pereioped, with coxal plate
branchial lamella.
Last pereiopod.
Urosome, viewed from the dorsal face.
and
Last uropod.
. Cephalon of female, with antenne and| » 14.
oral parts, viewed from right side. pre ld.
. Superior antenna of male. » 16.
; G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
7 | 7 . Amphipoda. PI. XVI.
Red ho.
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G.0.Sars autogr.
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda. Pl. XXI.
ro
G.0.Sars autogr.
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Amphipoda.P1.XXI.
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Corophium chelicorne,n. sp.
G.0.Sars autogr.
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Am phipoda. Pl. XXII.
G.0.Sars. autogr.
|. Corophium curvispinum,n.sp.
2. Corophium bidentatum, n.sp.
Uy rub
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
: Amphipoda. PI_XXIV.
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OTJIA BJIEHIE. — SOMMAITRE.
O75
Crp. Pag.
Uspieyenian u3b upoToKor0BD sacbsanili Extraits des procés verbaux des séances
ARGROMIG S505 sissies lngee eh ce OLE de PAcadémie .. .... . . ©... KXVIT
Oruyert 0 mecromb upucyxzeHin AKa- Compte rendu du VI concours des prix
yemiero Hayk upemifi MuTponosura de Varchevéque-métropolitain Macaire 221
Maxapia 3a 1895 rom. Reis ee es
6. Bpequxns. Bona Bosmyuenis op- Th. Brédikhine. Variations séculaires de
Ouret KomersI 1862 IIT u ea mponssor- lorbite de la cométe 1862 III et de
HELIX OpOurTd. . oe SODA ses orbites dérivées . - 251
4. Kaemenus. Kparkiiti oruerh 0 nyre- D. Klementz. Compte rendu sommaire ‘@an
mecrain JI. Kaewenya uo Monrosiu 3a voyage en Mongolie en 1894. . *. 261
1894 roxs . ; eo O64 3
Tr. 0. Caper. aetna: paeactjaaneee G. 0. Sars. Crustacea caspia. Contribu-
Marepiasni 114 usyyeHis Kapounosoru- tions to the knowledge of the Carcino-
yeckoli mayne! Kacnilickaro mopa. (Ch logical Fauna of the Caspian Sea. (With _
8 ra6aumamnu puc.). . 275| 8 autographic plates.) . . coats
Haneyarano 00 pacnopaxenito Umnepatorckoii Akagemin Hayrs,
Cenra6pp 1895 r. Henpembuapiii cexperapp, Akazemuna H, Jyoposuns.
THOOPPAPIA HMIEPATOPCKOI AKAJIEMIH HAYKS,
Bac. Ocrp., 9 annin, No 12.
/
a
|
VW3BBCTIA
HMIEPATOPCKON AKA,[EMIM HAYES,
TOM'b IV. Ne 5.
1896. MATL.
a
BULLETIN
DE |
DE
- TACADEMIE IMPERLALE DES SCIENCES
ST.- PETERSBOURG.
Ve SERIE. TOME IV. M5.
ror eo
: : 1896. MAT.
4 ie yet
<on use
Ss at. ME
ee
e+ 4 — = —
C.-ILETEPBYPI"b. — Sr.-PETERSBOURG.
1896.
et
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a = Se eee
U3BECTIA UMNEPATOPCKOM AKAAEMIN HAYK. 1896, MAM. T. IV, No 5.
(Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Sis aera
1896. Mai. T. IV, Ne 5.)
Crustacea Caspia.
Contributions to the Knowledge of the Carcinological Fauna
of the Caspian Sea.
By
G. O. Sars,
Professor of Zoology at the University of Christiania, Norway.
ASA Petre oO DA]
; Supplement.
With 12 autographic plates.
INTRODUCTION.
In the present paper, I propose to describe and figure a number of ad-
ditional Caspian Amphipoda, the greater part of which are derived from the
rich collection of Dr. Grimm, kindly placed in my hands for examination.
To these are added some species collected by Mr. Warpachowsky in the
northern part of the Caspian Sea, and a few others procured by Messrs.
Maximovicz and Andrussow from the southern part of the basin.
Some of the species are unfortunately only represented by solitary specimens,
and the examination of these has of course not been so close as might have
been desired. Five of the species established by Dr. Grimm are altogether
omitted, because they are only represented by immature, or very badly pre-
served specimens, the examination of which has not led to any definite
result. These species are named by Dr. Grimm as follows: Gammarus
priscus, G. portentosus, G. multiformis, Pandora coeca, Iphigeneia abys-
sorum. Three other species are named by the said author in a short treatise
inserted in the Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte 1880, viz., Gammarus Gregorkowii,
G. coronifer and G. thaumops; but none of these species are represented in
his collection.
The number of additional species described in the present paper is 25.
Together with those previously recorded by the present author, the total
$us,-Mar. orp. 251. I 29
“y g
foo
ul
ee
ues:
i >
4
422 @. 0, SARS,
number of Caspian Amphipoda, which up to this time have been examined
more closely, amounts to no less than 53, belonging to 4 different families,
viz., Lysianasside, Pontoporeude, Gammaride and Corophiide, the Gam-
marid@ being the family by far the most abundantly represented. At the
close of this paper, I shall give a complete list of all the species.
Fam. LYSIANASSID A.
Gen. Pseudalibrotus, Della Valle.
Syn.: Alibrotus, G. O. Sars (olim).
Remarks. — In his great work on the Gammarids of the gulf of Naples,
Mr. Della Valle observes that the well-known arctic form Anonysa littoralis
Kroyer, which I had referred, though with some hesitation, to the genns
Alibrotus of M-Edwards, is scarcely congeneric with the type of the latter
genus, A. chauseica. For this reason, he has established the new genus Pseud-
alibrotus, to receive the arctic species, and in this view I am now much
inclined to agree with that distinguished author. The genus Pseudalibrotus
thereby becomes an exclusively arctic one. Now it is rather interesting that
this genus is also represented in the Caspian Sea by 2 apparently distinct
species, to be described below.
1. Pseudalibrotus caspius, (Grimm).
(Pl. 1, figs, 1—20).
Onesimus caspius, Grimm MS§.
» pomposus, Grimm ¢.
Specific Characters. — Body rather stout and somewhat compressed,
with the back strongly curved. Lateral lobes of cephalon narrowly rounded.
First pair of coxal plates much broader than the succeeding ones, and some-
what expanded distally; 2nd and 3rd pairs very narrow; 4th pair but very
little expanded; 5th pair nearly as broad as they are deep. Last pair of epi-
meral plates of metasome acutely produced at the lateral corners. First seg-
ment of urosome slightly depressed dorsally. Eyes comparatively small,
rounded oval. Antenne somewhat shorter than in the type species, the
superior ones with the flagellum twice the length of the peduncle, accessory
appendage 4-articulate. Anterior gnathopoda not very powerful, propodos
scarcely as broad as the carpus, and somewhat attenuated distally, palm
short, oblique, with a single slender spine at the inferior corner. Posterior
gnathopoda with the propodos obliquely produced at the tip. Pereiopoda
rather short and thick, and but sparsely setiferous; last pair with the basal
us.-Mar. erp. 252, 2
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 423
joint about the length of the remaining part of the leg, oval, broadest in
its upper part, infero-posteal corner produced to a rounded lobe, posterior
edge divided intoabout 7 serrations. Last pair of uropoda with both rami
simple mucronate. Telson with the tip slightly notched on each side and
obtusely produced in the middle. Length 9 mm.
Remarks. — The present form, detected by Dr. Grimm, is unquestion-
ably congeneric with the arctic species, P. littoralis, though easily dis-
tinguishable by the less elongated antennee, and the somewhat different
structure of the gnathopoda. Also the pereiopoda, uropoda and telson ex-
hibit some points of difference. One specimen in the collection of Dr. Grimm,
named Onesimus pomposus, I regard as only a young male of the present
species.
Description. — The length of an apparently adult female specimen
measures about 9 mm., and this form is accordingly somewhat inferior in
size to the arctic species.
The general form of the body (see fig. 1) resembles that of the said
species, though being perhaps somewhat shorter and stouter, with the back
generally much curved and, as in most other Lysianassidx, quite smooth.
The cephalon (fig. 4) somewhat exceeds in length the lst segment of
the mesosome, and has the lateral lobes slightly produced, and narrowly
rounded at the tip. The postantennal corners are distinct and nearly rect-
angular, and behind them there is on each side an angular incision, into
which the upper end of the mandible is received, the incision being defined
behind by an acute lappet.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are somewhat deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and densely crowded. The Ist pair (see fig. 11) are
considerably broader than the others, and widen somewhat distally, with
the end obtusely truncated and provided at the posterior corner with a
small dentiform projection. The 2 succeeding pairs (see fig. 13) are remark-
ably narrow, the 4th pair (see fig. 14) also being of inconsiderable breadth as
compared with most other Lysianasside.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates exhibit the usual shape, the ante-
penultimate pair (see fig. 15) being rather broad, of a rounded quadrangu-
lar form.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, the Ist pair
being, as usual, rounded, whereas the other 2, and especially the last one,
are rather acutely produced at the lateral corners.
The urosome is quite smooth, and has the Ist segment very slightly de-
pressed above, in front of the middle.
Dus.-Mar, erp. 253. 3 29*
424 @. 0. SARS,
The eyes (see fig. 4) are comparatively small and of a rounded oval
form. The pigment would seem to have been of the usual bright red colour,
but in all the specimens it was quite absorbed by the action of the spirit.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) about equal in length the cephalon and
the first 3 segments of the mesosome combined, and are accordingly some-
what shorter than in the arctic species. The peduncle is short and thick,
with the 1st joint very large, fully twice as long as the other 2 combined,
and somewhat applanated. The flagellum is about twice as long as the ped-
uncle, and is composed of 16 articulations, the 1st of which is much the
largest. It is provided in its proximal part outside with bundles of delicate
olfactory filaments, 5 of which belong to the Ist joint. The accessory ap-
pendage is about half the length of the peduncle, and composed of 4 articu-
lations, the 1st of which nearly equals in length the other 3 combined.
The inferior antenne (fig. 3) are somewhat longer than the superior,
and have the basal joint rather swollen, and transversely elliptical in form.
The penultimate joint of the peduncle is considerably larger than the last
one, and, like the latter, provided anteriorly with fascicles of delicate bristles.
The flagellum considerably exceeds in length that of the superior antenne,
and is composed of about 20 articulations.
The buccal mass (see fig. 4) is rather protruding, though to a great
extent covered laterally by the Ist pair of coxal plates (see fig. 1). The oral
parts on the whole resemble in structure those in the type species.
The anterior lip forms in front a compressed rounded lamella (fig. 5),
which, however, is not very prominent.
The posterior lip (fig. 6) has the lateral lobes slightly bilobed at the tip,
and exhibits on each side a narrowly rounded auricular expansion. The lobes
are finely ciliated both at the tip and along the inner edge.
The mandibles (fig. 7) are rather strong, and have the cutting part
simple, with only a slight trace of a denticle on each corner. The molar
expansion is well defined, though not very large, and exhibits at the tip a
distinct triturating surface. The palp is affixed at the same level as the
molar expansion, and about equals in length the mandible. Its terminal joint
is somewhat shorter than the 2nd, and oblong oval in form, having the usual
supply of bristles. The 2nd joint, on the other hand, is almost naked, with
only 2 small bristles near its end.
The 1st pair of maxille (fig. 8) almost exactly resemble those in the
type species, having the masticatory lobe rather large and lamellar, with a
dense assemblage of partly denticulated spines at the anterior corner, and
behind them 3 smaller spines issuing from slight notches of the densely
$us.-Mar. erp. 254, 4
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 425
ciliated margin. The basal lobe is rather small and has 2 ciliated apical
sete. The palp®is not very large, with the terminal joint but little
expanded.
The 2nd pair of maxille (fig. 9) have the outer lobe considerably larger
than the inner, and only setous at the tip. The inner lobe is finely ciliated
inside, and carries, in addition to the terminal bundle of bristles, a strong
spine somewhat beyond the middle.
The maxillipeds (fig. 10) have the palps less strongly developed than in
the arctic species, but otherwise exhibit a very similar structure.
The anterior gnathopoda (fig. 11) are not nearly so strong as in P. lit-
toralis, differing also conspicuously in the shape of the propodos. The latter
(see also fig. 11a) is scarcely as broad as the carpus, and is not at all ex-
panded, being on the contrary somewhat narrowed distally. The palm is
rather short and somewhat oblique, with only a single slender spine issuing
from the lower corner. The dactylus is also much smaller than in the said
species.
The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 12) are very slender, and likewise differ
somewhat from those in P. /ittoralis in the shape of the propodos (fig. 12a),
which is not, as in that species, transversely truncated at the tip, but is
somewhat produced at the lower corner, where the minute chela is formed.
The pereiopoda are considerably shorter and also less densely setous
than in the arctic species. The 2 anterior pairs (fig. 13) are more slender
than the posterior ones, and have the meral joint slightly produced at the
end anteriorly. The propodal joint is about the length of the 2 preceding
joints combined. The antepenultimate pair (fig. 15) have the basal joint ir-
regularly oval, and like that of the 2 posterior pairs, produced at the infero-
posteal corner to a rounded lobe. Along its anterior edge is a row of about
10 short spines. The 3 succeeding joints are comparatively short and, com-
bined, but little longer than the propodal joint. The penultimate pair (fig. 16)
somewhat exceed in length the antepenultimate one, and have the basal joint
comparatively more elongated, though scarcely broader.
The last pair (fig. 17) are a little shorter than the penultimate one, and
have the basal joint rather large, fully as long as the remaining part of the
leg, and of an oval form, slightly narrowed distally. The posterior edge of
the joint, as in the 2 preceding pairs, is divided into a limited number of
serrations, scarcely more than 7.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 18) are of similar structure, though
somewhat differing in size, the rami in both pairs being simple mucroniform,
and provided with scattered spines.
us.-Mar. crp. 255. 5
,
426 G. 0. SARS,
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 19) project but slightly beyond the others,
and have the basal part comparatively short, otherwise agreeing with the
preceding pairs in the simple mucronate shape of the rami.
The telson (fig. 20) is entire, squamiform, about as long as it is broad
at the base, and has the tip slightly produced in the middle with a small
notch on each side, from which a minute hair issues. In the arctic species
the tip exhibits traces of a slight emargination.
Occurrence. — This form has been collected by Dr. Grimm in 4 Stations
belonging to the middle part of the Caspian Sea, the depth ranging from
80 to 250 fathoms.
2. Pseudalibrotus platyceras (Grimm).
(PI. 1, figs. 21—23).
Onesimus platyceras, Grimm MS.
Specific Characters. — Very like the preceding species, but about twice
as large and comparatively more tumid, with the back broadly rounded.
Lateral lobes of cephalon subangular. Anterior pairs of coxal plates com-
paratively broader than in P. caspius. Last pair of epimeral plates of meta-
some less acutely produced. Urosome with a conspicuous saddle-like de-
pression across the anterior part of the 1st segment. Eyes narrowed in
their upper part. Superior antenne with the Ist joint of the peduncle
very large and applanated, flagellum composed of a greater number of arti-
culations than in the preceding species, accessory appendage exceeding half
the length of the peduncle, and 6-articulate. Gnathopoda, pereiopoda, uro-
poda and telson apparently of a similar structure to that in P. caspius.
Length nearly 20 mm.
Remarks. — This form is very nearly allied to the preceding one, but
apparently distinct, being fully twice as large. For want of specimens, how-
ever, a closer anatomical comparison of the two could not be instituted.
Description. — The length of an adult female specimen attains to nearly
20 mm., and this form accordingly grows to a much larger size than the
preceding one, and in this respect even exceeds the arctic species.
The form of the body (see fig. 21) on the whole closely resembles that
of the preceding species, though still more robust and rather tumid, with
the back broadly rounded.
The cephalon but slightly exceeds in length the Ist segment of the
mesosome, and has the lateral lobes subangular in front.
The coxal plates appear somewhat broader than in the preceding species,
though exhibiting an exactly similar mutual relation.
dus.-Mar. crp. 256. 6
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 427
The last pair of epimeral plates of the metasome have the lateral corners
pointed, but comparatively less produced than in P. caspius. The urosome
has across its 1st segment, somewhat in front of the middle, a very distinct
saddle-like depression.
The eyes are somewhat less regularly oval than in the preceding species,
having their upper part narrowed to an obtuse point.
The superior antenne are about the length of the cephalon and the 4
anterior segments of the mesosome combined, and have the Ist joint of the
peduncle (see fig. 22) exceedingly large, and conspicuously applanated. The
flagellum is rather slender and composed of a much greater number of
articulations than in the preceding species, amounting to from 30 to 40.
The accessory appendage is likewise more fully developed, consisting of 6
articulations.
The inferior antennz are but little longer than the superior, and have
the flagellum divided into 34 articulations.
The anterior gnathopoda are constructed as in the preceding species,
but have the propodos (see fig. 23) somewhat shorter in proportion to its
breadth and less obliquely truncated at the tip.
The posterior gnathopoda could not be examined more closely, as they
were hidden between the coxal plates.
The pereiopoda seem on the whole to agree very closely with those in
P. caspius, but are more densely setiferous and have the posterior edge of
the basal joint in the 3 posterior pairs divided into a greater number of
serrations.
As to the uropoda and telson, they do not seem to differ in any essential
manner from those parts in P. caspius.
Occurrence. — Of this form 2 specimens are contained in the collection
of Dr. Grimm, the one preserved in spirit, the other in glycerine, both being
in a very good state of preservation, which prevented me from sacrificing
either of them for a closer anatomical examination. The specimens, which
exacuy agree both as to size and other characters, were collected by
Dr. Grimm at Stat. 124, belonging to the middle part of the Caspian Sea,
_ from a depth of 40 fathoms.
Fam. PONTOPOREIID A‘.
Gen. Pontoporeia, Kroyer.
Remarks. — Of this genus only 2 species have hitherto been recorded,
the one, P. femorata, Kroyer, being an exclusively marine form, whereas
the other, P. affinis Lindstrém, also occurs in the great lakes of Norway,
us.-Mar. crp, 257. ; ¥ |
428 @. 0. SARS,
Sweden and Russia, as also of North America. Both species are certainly of
true arctic origin. To these species may now be added a 3rd, peculiar to
the Caspian Sea, and well defined from any of the others.
3. Pontoporeia microphthalma, Grimm. MS.
(Pl. 2, figs. 1—7).
Specific Characters. — Body moderately slender and somewhat com-
pressed. Cephalon with the lateral lobes narrowly rounded. Coxal and epi-
meral plates nearly as in P. affinis. Urosome rather short and stout, with
the 1st segment considerably elevated dorsally at the posterior edge, and
having in the middle 2 minute juxtaposed denticles, on each side a single
small spine. Eyes comparatively small, irregularly oval in form. Antenne
nearly as in P. affinis. Anterior gnathopoda with the carpus moderately
expanded, propodos oblong oval, with the palm rather short and imperfectly
defined below. Posterior gnathopoda with the propodos narrow oblong and
transversely truncated at the tip. Last pair of pereiopoda with the basal
joint very large, rounded oval, posterior edge regularly curved throughout.
Uropoda and telson of the usual structure. Length 6 mm.
Remarks. — The present new species, detected by Dr. Grimm, is nearly
allied to P. affinis Lindstrém, but easily distinguishable by the compara-
tively smaller eyes, the dorsally produced 1st segment of the urosome, and
the more regular form of the basal joint of the last pair of pereiopoda. Also
in the form of the propodos of the 2 pairs of gnathopoda, some differences
are to be found.
Description. — The length of the only tolerably well preserved specimen,
apparently an adult female, scarcely exceeds 6 mm., and this form is ac-
cordingly rather inferior in size to the other 2 known species.
The general form of the body (see fig. 1) resembles that in the other 2
species, being moderately slender, and somewhat compressed, with the meso-
some and metasome quite smooth throughout.
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and is somewhat produced in front between the bases of
the superior antenne (see fig. 3). The lateral lobes are slightly prominent,
and narrowly rounded at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are somewhat deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and densely fringed at the end with ciliated sete. The
lst pair are a little broader than the 2nd, but scarcely at all expanded distally.
The 4th pair are slightly emarginated posteriorly, and somewhat expanded in
their outer part, forming beneath the emargination an obtuse-angular corner.
us.-Mar, erp. 258. 8
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 429
The posterior pairs of coxal plates are much less deep than the anterior,
and successively diminish in size. The antepenultimate pair have the ante-
rior lobe somewhat deeper than the posterior, and evenly rounded at
the tip.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well-developed, the Ist pair
being, as usual, rounded, the 2 posterior pairs nearly rectangular. The uro-
some is rather short and stout, and highly remarkable by the great eleva-
tion ot the posterior edge of the 1st segment above the level of the 2nd.
On the most prominent place 2 small juxtaposed denticles occur, and beside
these, there is, on the same segment, a small lateral spine. In P. affinis,
this segment, like the others, is quite smooth, and in P. femorata it gives
rise to the peculiar forked dorsal process, characteristic of that species.
The eyes are (see fig. 3) very small, and of a somewhat irregular oval
form, with the pigment rather light.
The antennz resemble in structure those in the 2 other species, being
rather strongly built, and subequal in length, with a number of finely cili-
ated sete issuing from the hind edge of the outer peduncular joints. The
superior ones about equal in length the cephalon and the 3 first segments
of the mesosome combined, and have the 1st joint of the peduncle very
large, exceeding in length the other 2 combined. The flagellum (see fig. 2)
about equals in length the peduncle, and is composed of 9 articulations, the
lst of which is much the largest. The accessory appendage somewhat ex-
ceeds in length the last peduncular joint, and is composed of 3 well-defined
articulations.
The inferior antennz are somewhat more strongly built than the superior,
almost pediform, and have the 3 outer joints of the peduncle rather thick,
with densely crowded bristles both anteriorly and posteriorly. The flagellum
is about the same length as that of the superior antenne, and is composed
of a similar number of articulations.
The anterior gnathopoda (fig. 5) have the carpus rather broad and ex-
panded, though not nearly so much as in P. femorata. The propodos is con-
siderably narrower than the carpus, and oblong oval in form, with the palm
quite short, and imperfectly defined below. In the other 2 species the palm
is much more elongated, occupying the greater part of the inferior edge.
The dactylus is comparatively very small.
The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 6) are more slender and elongated than
the anterior, with the propodos oblong linear in form, and having the palm
transverse, the lower corner being rectangular, not, as in the other 2 spe-
cies, produced to a thumb-like prominence.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda are of quite normal structure.
us.-Mar. orp. 259. 9
430 @. 0. SARS,
The 3 posterior pairs exhibit the structure characteristic of the genus,
and are rather unequally developed, the penultimate pair being much more
elongated than the other 2, and generally strongly reflexed. The basal joint
on this and the preceding pair is rather narrow, and somewhat tapering dis-
tally; whereas on the last pair (fig. 7) it is extremely large and expanded,
being fully as long as the remainder of the leg. The shape of the joint
somewhat differs from that in the other 2 species, being more regularly
rounded oval, with the posterior edge quite evenly curved and densely
fringed with ciliated sete.
The uropoda and telson do not seem to differ materially from those parts
in the 2 other species.
Occurrence. — Of this species 2 specimens, the one imperfect, are con-
tained in the collection of Dr. Grimm, having been taken, according to the
label, at St. 108, belonging to the middle part of the Caspian Sea, the depth
ranging from 80 to 90 fathoms.
Fam. GAMMARIDE.
Gen. Gmelina, Grimm.
Of this genus, established by Dr. Grimm, 2 species have been described
by the present author in his 1st article on the Caspian Amphipoda. Two
additional species are now added, and will be described below, both of them
easily distinguishable from the 2 first recorded.
4. Gmelina laeviuscula, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 2, figs. 8—12).
Specific Characters. — Body moderately slender and nearly smooth,
without any distinct tubercles or dorsal expansions, though having the seg-
ments rather sharply marked off from each other. Cephalon with the lateral
faces quite smooth, lateral lobes narrowly rounded in front. Anterior pairs
of coxal plates (in male) but little deeper than the corresponding segments,
and of the usual shape. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome but slightly
produced at the lateral corners. Urosome with a few small hairs above at
the end of each segment. Eyes very small, rounded oval. Antenne of the
usual structure. Gnathopoda (in male) rather powerful. Pereiopoda nearly
as in the 2 first described species. Last pair of uropoda very robust, though
not attaining the length of the urosome, outer ramus unusually broad, folia-
ceous, and densely fringed with fascicles of slender spines, inner ramus less
@u3.-Mar. crp. 260. 10
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 431
rudimentary than in the other 2 species. Telson comparatively large, cleft
very deep and fissure-like, lateral lobes obtusely truncated at the tip and
having several lateral bristles and a dense row of apical spines. Length of
adult male 7 mm.
Remarks. — This new species is at once distinguished from the 2 pre-
viously described forms by the body having no distinct lateral tubercles or
dorsal expansions. In the structure of the several appendages it nearly agrees
with them, though the last pair of uropoda and the telson exhibit well-
marked specific differences.
Description. — The solitary specimen examined, which is an adult male,
measures in length about 7 mm., and this form is accordingly somewhat
inferior in size to the 2 species previously described by the present author.
The body (see fig. 8) is moderately slender and, as in the other species,
much compressed, without, however, exhibiting any distinct lateral tubercles.
Nor are any of the segments elevated to dorsal expansions, though they
appear rather sharply marked off from each other.
The cephalon does not attain the length of the first 2 segments of the
mesosome combined, and is somewhat narrowed in front, with the lateral
faces quite smooth. The rostral projection (see fig. 10) is well marked, and
the lateral lobes slightly produced and narrowly rounded in front.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are but little deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and of a shape similar to that in the 2 previously de-
scribed species; the 1st pair not being at all expanded distally, and the 4th
not much broader than the preceding ones. The 3 posterior pairs are rather
small.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are normally developed, the last
pair being only slightly produced at the lateral corners.
The urosome is of moderate size, and has dorsally at the end of the seg-
ments a few small hairs.
The eyes (see fig. 10) are very small, and placed at some distance from
the lateral corners of the cephalon. They are oval in form and have a
dark pigment.
The antennze exhibit the structure characteristic of the genus, being
rather slender and feeble, though not much elongated. The superior ones
somewhat exceed in length the inferior, and have the peduncle somewhat
longer than the flagellum, which is composed of about 10 articulations. The
accessory appendage (see fig. 9), as in the other species, is extremely small,
and uniarticulate. The inferior antenne have the last peduncular joint some-
what shorter than the penultimate, and the flagellum about half the length
of the peduncle.
u3,.-Mar. crp. 261. II
432 @. 0. SARS,
The gnathopoda (see fig. 8) are rather powerfully developed, and show
the specimen to be an adult male. In structure they seem to agree rather
closely with those in the males of the other species.
The pereiopoda also do not seem to exhibit any marked difference from
those in the 2 previously described species.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda are very unequal in size, the Ist pair
being fully twice as long as the 2nd. Their structure is, however, the
usual one.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 11) are rather robust, and project con-
siderably beyond the others, though not quite attaining the length of the uro-
some. The outer ramus is unusually broad, foliaceous, and exhibits a rather
small terminal joint. On the outer edge of the ramus there are about 6 dense
fascicles of slender spines, and on the inner edge 4 similar ones. The inner
ramus is less rudimentary than in the other species, being almost half the
length of the outer, and carries on the tip several slender spines.
The telson (fig. 12) is comparatively large, and oval in form, and is
divided by a narrow, fissure-like cleft into two halves, each of which has
from 4 to 5 slender lateral spines. The tip of the lateral lobes is obtusely
truncated and armed with a dense row of about 7 slender spines.
Occurrence. — The above-described specimen was taken by Mr. War-
pachowsky at Stat. 69, probably in the eastern part of the North
Caspian Sea.
5. Gmelina pusilla, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 2, figs. 13—21).
Specific Characters. — 9. Body rather short and stout, somewhat com-
pressed, and perfectly smooth throughout. Cephalon with the lateral lobes
angularly produced in front. Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather deep and
fringed distally with scattered bristles; 1st pair obliquely expanded, so as
to form a rounded lobe extending forwards; 4th pair somewhat less deep
than the preceding ones, and scarcely broader. Last pair of epimeral plates
of metasome nearly rectangular. Urosome without any spines or hairs dors-
ally. Eyes of moderate size and placed unusually far down, close to the
lateral corners of cephalon. Antenne comparatively short, subequal in
length. Gnathopoda rather feeble, propodos of the anterior ones oval, that
of the posterior oblong quadrangular. Posterior pairs of pereiopoda com-
paratively short, basal joint of last pair rather large, irregularly oval, and
densely setous both anteriorly and posteriorly. Last pair of uropoda not
very large, outer ramus gradually tapering distally, inner ramus very small.
a3.-Mar, crp. 262. 12
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 433
Telson of moderate size, deeply cleft, lateral lobes obtusely pointed, and
having each 2 lateral, and 2 apical spines. Length of adult female 5 mm.
Remarks. — The external appearance of this form looks rather different
from that in the other species, and I was therefore at first in some doubt
about its true place. Having, however, subsequently examined some of the
appendages more closely, I find it to be referable to the genus Gmelina,
though representing a somewhat anomalous species.
Description. — The length of the solitary specimen examined, which is
an adult female with fully developed incubatory lamellz, measures only
5 mm., and this form is accordingly much the smallest of the 4 species as
yet known.
The body (see fig. 13) is rather short and stout, somewhat compressed,
and perfectly smooth throughout, without any trace of tubercles or dorsal
expansions.
The cephalon (see fig. 14) nearly equals in length the first 2 segments
of the mesosome combined, and is gradually narrowed in front. The rostral
projection is rather small, though distinct, and the lateral lobes are angu-
larly produced in front.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are much deeper than the correspond-
ing segments and edged with scattered bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 16)
are of a somewhat unusual form, being obliquely expanded, so as to form
in front a linguiform lobe advancing over the oral parts and the basal joint
of the inferior antenne. The 2 succeeding pairs (see fig. 17) are oblong
quadrangular in shape, and of nearly equal size. The 4th pair (see fig. 13)
are less deep than the preceding ones, and scarcely broader, being obliquely
truncated at the tip, with a very slight emargination behind. The posterior
pairs are very small.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are normally developed, the 1st
being rounded, the other 2 nearly rectangular.
The urosome is quite smooth, with no trace of spines or bristles dorsally.
The eyes (see fig. 14) are of moderate size, and rounded oval in form,
with dark pigment and well-developed visual elements. They are placed un-
usually far down, close to the lateral corners of the cephalon.
The superior antenne (fig. 15) are rather feeble, scarcely exceeding in
length the cephalon and the first 2 segments of the mesosome combined,
and have the 2nd joint of the peduncle about as long as the Ist, whereas
the 3rd joint is scarcely half as long. The flagellum equals in length the
peduncle, and is composed of 7 articulations. The accessory appendage is
extremely small, and uniarticulate.
us.-Mar. crp. 263, 13
ae ee
434 @. 0. SARS,
The inferior antenne (see fig. 13) are somewhat more strongly built
than the superior, but scarcely longer, and have the flagellum comparatively
small, and 4-articulate.
The gnathopoda are rather feeble in structure, and densely supplied with
bristles, the posterior ones (fig. 17) being a little more elongated than the
anterior (fig. 16). The propodos of the latter is oval, of the former oblong
quadrangular in form.
The anterior pairs of pereiopoda are normally developed.
The 3 posterior pairs, on the other hand, are comparatively short and
have their outer part. supplied with dense fascicles of slender bristles. The
basal joint of the antepenultimate pair is oval in form; that of the penulti-
mate pair somewhat larger, and narrowed distally. The last pair (fig. 18)
have the basal joint still larger, and of a somewhat irregular oval form, with
the posterior edge strongly curved in the middle, and densely setiferous.
The anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 19) are of normal structure, and less
unequal than in the preceding species.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 20) are not nearly so robust as in that
species, and have the outer ramus somewhat attenuated distally, exhibiting
a distinct, though rather small terminal joint. It is provided on the outer
edge with 4, on the inner with 3 fascicles of slender spines accompanied by
a few bristles. The inner ramus is rather small, with a single apical bristle.
The telson (fig. 21) is somewhat longer than it is broad, and, as in the
preceding species, deeply cleft by a narrow incision. The lateral lobes are
obtusely pointed, and carry each 2 lateral, and 2 unequal apical spinules.
Occurrence. — The above-described specimen was taken by Mr. War-
pachowsky in the North Caspian Sea, at Stat. 61.
Gen. Gmelinopsis, G. 0. Sars, n. gen.
Generic Characters. — Body much compressed, more or less distinctly
tuberculated laterally, and having the posterior part carinated dorsally.
Integuments rather firm. Cephalon with an umboniform prominence on each
side. Anterior pairs of coxal plates large and deep. Superior antennz longer
than the inferior, and provided with a small biarticulate accessory appendage.
Oral parts nearly as in the genus Gmelina. Gnathopoda rather unequal, the
anterior ones being the stronger. Last pair of pereiopoda with the basal
joint strongly expanded. Uropoda of a structure nearly agreeing with that
in the genus Amathillina. Telson more or less deeply cleft, with the lateral
lobes narrowly pointed.
‘Pus.-Mar. crp. 264. 14
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 435
Remarks. — This new genus is somewhat intermediate between the
genera Gmelina and Amathillina, though apparently more nearly related to
the former. It contains as yet 2 species, to be described below.
6. Gmelinopsis tuberculata, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 8, figs. 1—19).
Specific Characters. — Cephalon with the lateral prominence obtusely
rounded at the tip. Segments of mesosome with distinct lateral tubercles.
Last segment of mesosome, and those of metasome elevated dorsally to
rounded lamellar expansions. Urosome smooth above. Anterior pairs of
coxal plates fully twice as deep as the corresponding segments. Epimeral
plates of metasome scarcely produced at the lateral corners. Eyes oblong
oval placed close to the anterior edges of the cephalon. Superior antenne
nearly twice as long as the inferior, flagellum longer than the peduncle.
Anterior gnathopoda with the propodos rather large, oblong oval, palm ob-
lique and defined below by an obtuse corner carrying a strong spine. Post-
erior gnathopoda with the propodos much smaller and quadrangular in form.
Last pair of pereiopoda with the basal joint obliquely expanded, nearly
cordiform in shape. Telson cleft nearly to the base, the cleft gradually
widening posteriorly, lateral lobes tapering conically, and armed each with
a slender apical spine, accompanied by a small hair, and with a delicate
lateral bristle. Length of adult female 8 mm.
Remarks. — This form may be regarded as the type of the genus, and
is easily distinguished from the succeeding species by the different form of
the lateral prominences of the cephalon and of the dorsal expansions, as
also by the structure of the telson.
Description. — The length of a fully adult female specimen measures
about 8 mm.
The body is highly compressed and, seen laterally (fig. 1), rather stout,
with the back considerably curved, and distinctly carinated in its posterior
part. All the segments of the mesosome have their lateral parts distinctly
prominent, forming a series of well-defined lateral tubercles. Moreover, the
last segment of the mesosome, and those of the metasome are elevated to
laminar dorsal expansions, which, however, are not very prominent, and
are obtusely rounded.
The cephalon (see fig. 2) is comparatively short, but little longer than
the 1st segment of the mesosome, and exhibits in front a distinct, though
not very prominent rostral projection. The lateral lobes are rather small
and nearly rectangular. Behind them issues, from each side of the head, a
bus3.-Mar. erp. 265, 15
en
436 G. 0. SARS,
very conspicuous umboniform prominence, which extends obliquely down-
wards, and is obtusely rounded at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are rather large, fully twice as deep
as the corresponding segments, and have the distal edge slightly crenulated,
and fringed with short bristles. The Ist pair (see fig. 11) are but little ex-
panded distally, and are rounded at the tip. The 2 succeeding ones (see fig. 12)
are oblong quadrangular in shape, being transversely truncated at the tip.
The 4th pair are but little broader than the preceding ones, and exhibit
posteriorly a slight emargination, defined below by an obtuse angle.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively small, and
rapidly diminish in size, the antepenultimate pair (see fig. 14) having the
anterior lobe considerably deeper than the posterior.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well-developed, but have all
the lateral corners rounded off.
The urosome is rather short and stout, being perfectly smooth, without
any dorsal spines or hairs.
The eyes (see fig. 3) are of moderate size, and oblong oval in form. They
are slightly protuberant, and are placed close to the anterior edges of the head.
‘The superior antennee (fig. 3) equal about '/, of the length of the body,
and are rather slender, with the 1st joint of the peduncle fully as long as
the other 2 combined. The flagellum is somewhat longer than the peduncle,
and composed of about 12 articulations. The accessory: appendage is ex-
tremely small, though, on a closer examination (fig. 3a), it is found to con-
sist of 2 well-defined articulations, the outer of which, however, is so very
minute, as easily to escape attention.
The inferior antenne (fig. 4) are of very inconsiderable size, being
scarcely more than half as long as the superior, and have the last joint of the
peduncle much smaller than the penultimate one. The flagellum scarcely
exceeds in length the last peduncular joint, and is only composed of 4 arti-
culations.
The oral parts (figs. 5—10) on the whole agree in their structure with
those in the genus Gmelina, and need not therefore be described in detail.
The gnathopoda are rather unequally developed, the anterior ones (fig. 11)
being much more powerful than the posterior (fig. 12). The propodos of the
former (fig. 11) is very large, and oblong oval in form, with the palm rather
oblique, and defined below by an obtuse corner, carrying a strong spine. The
propodos of the posterior gnathopoda (fig. 12) is scarcely half as large, and
is of oblong quadrangular form, with the palm nearly transverse.
The pereiopoda are rather slender and edged with fascicles of delicate
bristles. The 2 anterior pairs (fig. 13) are of quite normal structure. Of the
‘bus,-Mar. erp. 266, 16
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 437
posterior pairs the penultimate one (fig. 15) is the longest, and has the basal
joint somewhat larger than in the antepenultimate pair (fig. 14), though
exactly similar in shape, both being oblong oval and somewhat narrowed
distally. The last pair (fig. 16) are prominently distinguished by the large
size of the basal joint, which is greatly expanded, and almost cordiform in
shape, its greatest breadth occurring in its distal part. The strongly curved
edge of the expansion is minutely crenulated, and fringed with short bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 17) are normally developed, with
the rami subequal, and armed at the tip with a dense bundle of strong spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 18) are comparatively short and thick,
extending but little beyond the others, and on the whole resembling those
in the genus Amathillina. As in that genus, the outer ramus is rather thick,
and slightly curved, with a small terminal joint, and carrying on each side
a limited number of fasciculated spines, accompanied by a few slender
bristles. The inner ramus is extremely small and scale-like.
The telson (fig. 19) is rather narrow, and scarcely at all attenuated dis-
tally. It is cleft nearly to the base by a rather wide angular incision, and
has the lateral lobes conically tapered, and each provided at the tip with a
slender spine accompanied by a minute hair. Moreover, at some distance
from the tip exteriorly, a delicate bristle is affixed.
Occurrence. — Of this form, solitary specimens were taken by Mr. War-
pachowsky at Stat. 63 and 70, in the eastern part of the North Caspian
Sea. Another specimen is contained in the collection of Dr. Grimm, having
been taken in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, at Stat. 29, from a
depth of 28 fathoms.
7. Gmelinopsis aurita, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 3, figs. 20—28),
.
Specific Characters. — Cephalon with the lateral prominences greatly
produced, spiniform. Lateral tubercles of mesosome less prominent than in
the preceding species. The last 2 segments of mesosome, and those of meta-
some elevated to well-marked lamellar expansions, the last one rounded,
the others triangular. Coxal plates about as in G. tuberculata, though some-
what less eep. The 2 posterior pairs of epimeral plates of metasome nearly
rectangular. Urosome with small hairs dorsally, and a very minute denticle
on each side of last segment. Eyes oblong oval. Superior antenne not nearly
twice as long as the inferior, flagellum scarcely attaining the length of the
peduncle. Gnathopoda less unequal than in G. tuberculata. Pereiopoda and
uropoda nearly as in that species. Telson, however, rather different, tri-
$a3,-Mar. erp. 267. 17 30
438 @. 0. SARS,
angular, considerably narrowed distally, and cleft only in its posterior half.
Length 8 mm.
Remarks. — Though very nearly allied to G. tuberculata, this form
may at once be distinguished by the peculiar development of the lateral
prominences of the head, the increased number of the dorsal expansions, and
the triangular form of the latter. Moreover, the gnathopoda appear less un-
equal, and the telson is of a very different shape.
Description. — The length of the solitary specimen examined, which
seems to be of female sex, is 8 mm., or about the same as in the preceding
species.
The form of the body (see fig. 20) resembles that of G. tuberculata,
though being, perhaps, still shorter and stouter, with the back very much
curved, and very distinctly carinated in its posterior part.
The cephalon (fig. 22) somewhat exceeds in length the 1st segment of
the mesosome, and has the lateral lobes very small and obtusangular. On
the other hand, the lateral protuberances are greatly developed, forming a
pair of spiniform projections extending obliquely forwards, and looking, if
the head is viewed from above (fig. 21) like a pair of pointed ears, — hence
the specific name.
The lateral tubercles of the mesosome are somewhat less prominent than
in the preceding species, though distinct on all the segments of this division.
On the other hand, the dorsal expansions are more pronounced, and present
on the 2 last segments of the mesosome and those of the metasome, being
accordingly 5 in number, whereas in G. tuberculata only 4 such expansions
are found. Of these expansions, the hindmost is rounded, the other 4 pronoun-
cedly triangular in form.
The urosome is very short and stout, and exhibits dorsally, at the end of
each segment, a few small hairs. Moreover, on each side of the last segment,
at the base of the telson, occurs (see fig. 23) a small denticle not found in
the preceding species.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates exhibit a similar form to that in the
preceding species, but are somewhat less deep.
The 2 posterior pairs of epimeral plates of the metasome appear nearly
rectangular.
The eyes (see fig. 22) resemble in form and size those in G. tuberculata,
and, as in that species, are placed close to the anterior edges of the cephalon.
The superior antenne (ibid.) scarcely equal in length 1, of the body,
and have the flagellum somewhat shorter than the peduncle and composed
of only 10 articulations. ‘The accessory appendage, as in G@. tuberculata, is
extremely small and biarticulate.
‘bus.-Mar, orp. 268. 18
CRUSTACEA GASPIA. 439
The inferior antenne (ibid.) exceed half the length of the superior, but
otherwise agree in structure with those in the preceding species.
The gnathopoda, Which however in the solitary specimen could not be
examined more closely, appear somewhat less unequal than in G. tuberculata,
though apparently of a very similar structure.
In the structure of the pereiopoda and uropoda, no essential difference
from that found in the preceding species, could be detected.
The telson (fig. 23), on the other hand, looks very different. It is of .a
triangular form, being about as long as it is broad at the base, and has its
outer part conically tapered. The cleft is very narrow and confined to only
the outer half of the telson. The lateral lobes are pointed, and each armed
at the tip with a minute spine accompanied by 2 small hairs.
Occurrence. —'The above-described specimen was taken by Dr. Grimm
. in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, from the considerable depth of 108
fathoms.
Gen. Gammaracanthus, Sp. Bate.
8. Gammaracanthus caspius, Grimm. MS.
(Pl. 4, figs. 1—6).
Specific Characters. — Dorsal carina distinct throughout, the anterior
segments of the mesosome also being elevated to well-defined lamellar ex-
pansions, that of Ist segment rounded, the others triangular and successively
increasing in size, those of metasome and urosome sharply pointed. Rostrum
but very slightly curved, and extending to the end of the basal joint of the
superior antenne. Coxal plates nearly as in G. relictus; epimeral plates of
metasome acutely produced at the lateral corners. Eyes oval reniform, with
a well-marked sinus anteriorly. Antenne nearly as in G. relictus. Anterior
gnathopoda with the propodos scarcely as large as that of the posterior ones,
and much less elongated than in G. relictus. Pereiopoda comparatively less
slender than in that species, outer part of the 3 posterior pairs densely
clothed with short spines. Uropoda and telson of the usual structure. Length
of adult female 36 mm.
Remarks. — The present form is nearly allied to G. relictus G. O. Sars,
but exhibits some well-marked differences, so as more properly to be regarded
as a distinct species. Both forms, however, are in all probability originally
descended from the arctic species, G. loricatus (Sabine); indeed, the present
species exhibits in some points a closer relationship to that form than
does G. relictus.
Description. — The length of the largest specimen examined, an adult,
ovigerous female, measures no less than 36 mm., and this form accordingly
Ous.-Mar. erp. 269. 19 30*
440 @. 0. SARS,
is of very considerable size, though not nearly as large as the arctic
species. :
The body (see fig. 1) exhibits the form characteristic of the genus, being
somewhat slender, and distinctly carinated both dorsally and laterally.
The dorsal expansions in this form, unlike what is the case m G. relic-
tus, are well defined also in the anterior segments of the mesosome, though
here somewhat lower than in the posterior segments. That of the Ist seg-
ment is evenly rounded, whereas the others are triangular and, especially
on the metasome, sharply pointed. The expansions of the 2 anterior segments
of the urosome even assume a spiniform character. The lateral keels are dis-
tinct throughout the whole mesosome and metasome, and are even continued
along the sides of the 1st segment of the urosome.
The cephalon is produced in front to a rather long, sharply-pointed
rostrum, which, however, is but very slightly curved, and does not extend
beyond the basal joint of the superior antenne. In the arctic species the
rostrum is much stronger, whereas in G. relictus it does not extend nearly
to the end of the basal joint of the superior antenne. The lateral lobes are
scarcely at all produced, and are quite evenly rounded. Behind them, there
is on each side of the head a small umboniform protuberance.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are a little deeper than the correspond-
ing segments, and oblong quadrangular in form, with an obtuse keel running
along their outer face. They successively increase in size posteriorly, the
Ath pair being nearly 3 times as large as the 1st, and having the posterior
edge slightly concave.
Of the posterior pairs of coxal plates, the last one is quite simple,
whereas the 2 anterior pairs are each divided into 2 triangular lappets. In
the antepenultimate pair the anterior lappet is very large, being almost as
deep as the preceding pair.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are rather large, and all of them
produced at the lateral corners to an acute point.
The urosome is of moderate size, and has the last segment quite simple,
whereas the 2 anterior ones, as above stated, are elevated to strong, almost
spiniform dorsal expansions.
The eyes are oval reniform in shape, having anteriorly a distinct sinus,
not found in G, relictus. The pigment is very dark.
The superior antennae are rather slender, and only clothed with very
small hairs. ‘They somewhat exceed in length '/, of the body, and have the
peduncle rather elongated, though considerably shorter than the flagellum,
which latter is divided into numerous short articulations. The accessory ap-
us.-Mat. erp. 270. 20
CRUSTACEA CASPIAS 44]
pendage (see fig. 2) does not attain the length of the last peduncular joint,
and is composed of 4articulations.
The inferior antenne are very feeble in structure, and scarcely half as
long as the superior. The basal joint is globularly tumefied, and the flagellum
about as long as the last peduncular joint.
The gnathopoda (figs. 3, 4) are powerfully developed, and exhibit the
structure characteristic of the genus, though differing, as to the relative
proportion of the propodos, from both the other species. In the anterior pair
(fig. 3) the propodos is strongly expanded distally, and almost triangular in
form, but is comparatively much less elongated than in G. relictus, the
greatest breadth considerably exceeding half the length. The palm is evenly
arcuate, and somewhat longer than the hind margin, from which it is defined
by an obtuse corner carrying several strong spines, one of which is much
elongated. The propodos of the posterior gnathopoda (fig. 4), unlike what is
the case in G. relictus, is somewhat larger than that of the anterior ones,
and exhibits a rather different form, being broadest at the base, and gra-
dually tapering distally. The palm is very oblique, occupying almost the
whole inferior edge, and is defined behind by an obtusely rounded promi-
nence carrying a rather large number of strong spines arranged in 2 bundles,
The pereiopoda appear on the whole less slender than in G. relictus,
more resembling those in the arctic species. The 2 anterior pairs are, as
usual, much smaller than the 3 posterior, and are edged with fascicles of
delicate bristles (see fig. 5). Of the posterior pairs, the 2 anterior ones are
much elongated, even exceeding in length half the body, and have their outer
part closely edged with short spines. The basal joint of both these pairs is
rather narrow, oblong oval, and provided with a slight keel running along
the outer surface. The last pair are considerably shorter than the 2 pre-
ceding ones, and have the basal joint somewhat larger and more expanded
in its proximal part.
The uropoda and telson would seem to be constructed in the very same
manner as in the other 2 species.
Occurrence. — Of this pretty form, some specimens were collected by
Dr. Grimm in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, from a depth of 108
fathoms.
Gen. Amathillina, Grimm.
Of this genus, established by Dr. Grimm, and apparently peculiar to
the Caspian Sea, the present author has described, in his 1st article on the
Amphipoda, 2 species: A. cristata and affinis. Three other species are now
added, increasing the number of species to 5 in all.
us,-Mar, erp, 271. 21
442 @. 0. SARS,
9. Amathillina spinosa, Grimm.
(Pl. 4, figs. 7—16).
Amathillina cristata, var. spinata, Grimm. MS.
Specific Characters. — Body agreeing in form with A. cristata, but hav-
ing the back distinctly carinated throughout, all the segments of mesosome
and metasome being elevated to well-defined triangular expansions increa-
sing in size posteriorly, the hindmost not differing m shape from the others.
First segment of urosome with a small rounded expansion dorsally, the
other 2 carrying a number of minute hairs at the hind edge. Cephalon with
the lateral lobes somewhat prominent, and transversely truncated at the tip.
Coxal and epimeral plates about as in A. cristata. Eyes reniform and some-
what obliquely disposed. Antennge and gnathopoda nearly agreeing in struc-
ture with those parts in A. cristata. Pereiopoda rather slender, and having
their outer part densely clothed with fascicles of slender spines, basal joint
of the 3 posterior pairs in both sexes less expanded than in the type species.
Uropoda and telson not differing essentially from those parts in A. cristata.
Length of adult male 25 mm.
Remarks. —This form would seem to have been regarded by Dr. Grimm
as only a variety of A. cristata, since most of the specimens have been labelled
A. cristata, var. spinata*). In my opinion, it ought, however, to be regarded
as a distinct, though nearly-allied species, differing, as it does, from the
typical form, not only in its much larger size, but also in some structural
details, for instance, in the much more fully developed dorsal crest, and in
the hindmost dorsal expansion being triangular like the preceding ones. More-
over, the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda is in both sexes
much less expanded than in A. cristata.
Description. — Adult male specimens attain a length of 25 mm., and
this form accordingly grows to a considerably larger size than the type
species.
The general form of the body (see fig. 7) resembles that in A. cristata,
being moderately slender and somewhat compressed, with the back more or
less curved. The dorsal crest is, however, much more fully developed,
and extends over a greater part of the body, all the segments of both the
mesosome and the metasome being elevated to well-defined triangular
dorsal expansions, successively increasing in size posteriorly, and even
the Ist segment of the urosome exhibits traces of a dorsal crest, being
produced in its posterior part to a small, but well-defined rounded expansion.
The expansion of the last segment of the metasome, which in A. cristata
1) This adjective form is scarcely acceptable, and should more properly be spinosa.
us.-Mar. crp. 272, 22
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 443
always differs conspicuously from the others by its rounded, gibbous
shape, is in the present species of the very same appearance as those pre-
ceding it.
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and exhibits a form similar to that in the type species, the
lateral lobes being somewhat prominent and transversely truncated at the tip.
The coxal and epimeral plates are likewise of much the same appearance
as in that species.
The urosome, however, as above stated, differs in the fact of its 1st
segment having a well defined, though rather small dorsal expansion, of
which no trace is found in A. ertstata. The last 2 segments have dorsally a
few small hairs, but are destitute of any true spinules.
The eyes are pronouncedly reniform in shape, and somewhat obliquely
disposed, with dark pigment.
The superior antennge exhibit the slender form characteristic of the
genus, and are perhaps a little more elongated than in A. cristata. The 2nd
joint of the peduncle is nearly as long as the 1st, though considerably
narrower, and the 3rd joint is about half its length. The flagellum is almost
twice as long as the peduncle, and divided into numerous short articulations.
The accessory appendage (see fig. 8) is fully as long as the last peduncular
jomt, and in the male is composed of 6 articulations.
The inferior antenne are considerably shorter than the superior, and
have the last 2 joints of the peduncle nearly of equal length. The flagellum
about equals in length those joints combined.
The gnathopoda, as in the other species, are very different in the 2
sexes, being in the female (figs. 11, 12) rather small and feeble, whereas
in the male (figs. 9, 10) they are very powerfully developed, with the pro-
podos of considerable size. In structure, these limbs nearly agree with those
in A. cristata.
This is also the case with the pereiopoda, though, on a closer compari-
son, the 3 posterior pairs are found to differ in the fact of the basal joint
being comparatively narrower and of nearly similar shape in the 2 sexes
(see figs. 7, 13, 14).
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 15) are very short and thick, scarcely at
all extending beyond the others, and having the outer ramus but little longer
than the basal part, and only armed with 3 short spines and a few delicate
hairs; its terminal joint is well defined and spiniform. The inner ramus, as
in the other species, is extremely small and scale-like.
The telson (fig. 16) is short and broad, and, as usual, cleft to the base,
the cleft somewhat widening behind. Each of the laterai halves is only pro-
us.-Mar, orp, 273. 23
444 @. 0. SARS,
vided with 2 small apical hairs, and has moreover a slender bristle ex-
teriorly.
Occurrence. — Numerous specimens of this beautiful form were taken
by Dr. Grimm in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, from the consider-
able depth of 108 fathoms.
10. Amathillina Maximowiczi, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(PI. 5, figs. 1—14).
Specific Characters. — Body somewhat less slender than in the preceding
species, with the mesosome not at all carinated dorsally. Each of the seg-
ments of metasome elevated to a comparatively low dorsal expansion, that
of last segment not differing from the other 2. Lateral lobes of cephalon
very short, and obtusely truncated at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates
comparatively small. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome slightly
produced at the lateral corners. Urosome without any dorsal projection.
Eyes oblong oval. Superior antenne fully twice as long as the inferior, ac-
cessory appendage triarticulate. Gnathopoda of the usual structure. Pereio-
poda comparatively short and stout, and having their outer part edged with
fascicles of slender bristles; basal joint of penultimate pair unusually broad,
that of last pair expanded at the infero-posteal corner to a very prominent
rounded lobe extending in female to the middle of the meral joint. Last pair
of uropoda with the outer ramus almost twice as long as the basal part.
Telson less broad than in the preceding species, each half with 2 slender
apical spines. Length of adult female scarcely exceeding 6 mm.
Remarks. — This form is at once distinguished from the other known
species by the very slight development of the dorsal crest, which is only
confined to the metasome. Moreover, the short and stout form of the pereio-
poda, and the shape of the basal joint of the posterior pairs may serve for
easily recognizing the species. I have much pleasure in dedicating this form
to its discoverer Mr. Maximovicz.
Description. — The length of fully adult female specimens scarcely ex-
ceeds 6 mm., that of male specimens is, as usual, somewhat more. But this
form is in every case far inferior in size to the 3 previously described species.
The form of the body (see fig. 1), especially in the female, is rather
short and stout, and somewhat tumid in the anterior part. The dorsal crest,
so highly developed in most other species, is in this form confined to the
metasome, and is there rather low, each of the 3 segments having a rather
slight dorsal expansion fringed with small hairs. The hindmost expansion is
somewhat less prominent than the other 2, but of an exactly similar triangu-
lar form.
@us.-Mar. orp, 27x. 24
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 445
The urosome has none of the segments produced dorsally, and is clothed
with a few small hairs.
The cephalon does not quite attain the length of the first 2 segments of
the mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes very short and blunted at
the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively small, being but
little deeper than the corresponding segments, and have their distal edge
fringed with scattered bristles. The lst pair (see fig. 4) are slightly ex-
panded in their outer part, which is evenly rounded off. The 4th pair (fig. 6)
have the posterior expansion transversely truncated, and edged with 5 bristles.
The posterior pairs are normally developed.
The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of the metasome are considerably
larger than the Ist, and have the lateral corners slightly produced.
The eyes are of moderate size, and are oblong oval in form, without
any sinus anteriorly.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) somewhat exceed half the length-of the
body, and have the 1st joint of the peduncle much thicker, and also longer
than the 2nd. The flagellum is very slender, being about twice as long as
the peduncle, and is composed of about 20 articulations. The accessory ap-
pendage (see fig. 3) does not attain the length of the last peduncular joint,
and is 3-articulate.
The inferior antennze are rather poorly developed, being in female
scarcely half as long as the superior. In the male they are, as usual, some-
what longer.
The gnathopoda exhibit the usual structure, being rather small in the
female (figs. 4, 5), whereas in the male (figs. 10,11) they are much stronger,
with the propodos large and somewhat expanded distally, the palm being in
both pairs somewhat oblique and defined below by an obtuse corner, armed
with several strong spies.
The pereiopoda are comparatively short and stout, and have their outer
part edged with a restricted number of slender, fasciculated bristles. The
basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 7) exhibits the usual oval form;
that of the penultimate pair (fig. 8), on the other hand, especially in the
female, is unusually broad, being rounded quadrangular in form, with the
posterior expansion evenly curved. The basal joint of the last pair (fig. 9)
is, as usual, still larger, and obliquely expanded, so as to form a greatly
projecting rounded lobe, extending in the female even to the middle of the
meral joint. In the male (see fig. 12) however, this lobe is, somewhat less
prominent.
us.-Mar. crp. 275. 25
pers
446 @. 0. SARS,
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 13) extend a little beyond the others, and
have the outer ramus almost twice as long as the basal part, being other-
wise of the usual structure.
The telson (fig. 14) is somewhat less broad than in the preceding species,
and has the cleft narrower. Each of the two halves carries on the tip 2
slender spinules, and has, moreover, exteriorly, at some distance from the
tip, a delicate hair.
Occurrence. — Several specimens of this form, males and females, were
collected by Mr. Maximowicz in the bay Karabugas.
11. Amathillina pusilla, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 5, figs. 15—25).
Specific Characters. — Body, especially of female, very short and stout,
with the last 2 segments of mesosome, and those of metasome elevated to
very prominent dorsal expansions, the hindmost being rounded, the other
4 triangularly pointed. Cephalon comparatively larger than in the other
species, but of a similar form. Coxal plates comparatively small. Eyes oval
reniform. Superior antenne very slender and elongated, being twice as long
as the inferior, accessory appendage very small. Gnathopoda in female
somewhat unequal, the propodos of the anterior ones being considerably
larger than that of the posterior, which is very narrow, oblong quadrangu-
lar; those of male powerfully developed and nearly equal-sized. Pereiopoda
rather strongly built, and comparatively more elongated than in A. Maai-
mowiczt, basal joint of penultimate pair not particularly broad, that of last
pair obliquely expanded, forming a narrowly-rounded projecting lobe at the
infero-posteal corner. Last pair of uropoda rather short, outer ramus with
no lateral spines. Telson with the cleft very narrow, lateral halves obtusely
truncated at the tip, and provided with only a single very minute apical
spinule. Length of adult female 4 mm.
Remarks. — The present new species is nearly allied to 4. cristata, of
which I formerly believed it to be only a variety. Having, however, sub-
mitted the animal in both sexes to a careful anatomical examination, I am
now of the opinion that this form ought to be regarded as specifically dis-
tinct, since it differs conspicuously from the type species, not only in its
very inferior size, but also in some structural details mentioned in the
above diagnosis.
Description. — The length of fully adult, ovigerous females scarcely
exceeds 4 mm., and this form is accordingly much the smallest of the 5
species as yet known.
‘us.-Mar. erp. 276. 26
CRUSTACEA GASPIA. 447
The body, especially in the female (fig. 15), is exceedingly short and
stout, with the back generally much curved. In male specimens it ap-
pears somewhat more slender, though still rather robust. The anterior half
of the body is perfectly smooth, without any trace of a dorsal crest. The
posterior half, on the other hand, comprising the last 2 segments of the
mesosome and those of the metasome, is very distinctly crested, each of the
segments being produced dorsally to a very prominent lamellar expansion.
The 4 anterior expansions are triangularly pointed, whereas the 5th, as in
A. cristata, is rounded, gibbous.
The urosome is very short and stout, and without any dorsal pro-
minences, being only clothed with small hairs,
The cephalon appears comparatively larger than in the other species,
considerably exceeding in length the first 2 segments of the mesosome com-
bined. In shape however, it, agrees with that in the other species, and has
the lateral lobes bluntly truncated.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively small, and have
the distal edge nearly smooth. The 1st pair are scarcely at all expanded
distally, and are about same breadth as the 2 succeeding ones. The 4th pair
exhibit a form similar to that in the preceding species.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, and the 2
posterior pairs nearly rectangular.
The eyes are oval reniform, having a slight sinus anteriorly.
The superior antenne are very slender and elongated, exceeding in
length even ?/, of the body, and having the Ist joint of the peduncle rather
large, being almost as long as the other 2 combined. The flagellum is fully
twice as long as the peduncle, and is composed of about 16 articulations.
The accessory appendage is rather small, and composed, in the female
(fig. 16) of only 2, in the male (fig. 17) of 3 articulations.
The inferior antenn® are about half the length of the superior, and of
the usual structure.
The gnathopoda in the female are somewhat more unequal than in the
other species, the anterior ones (fig. 18) being considerably more strongly
built than the posterior (fig. 19), though less elongated. The propodos of
the former (fig. 18) is rather broad, oval in form, and has the palm some-
what oblique; that of the latter (fig. 19) is unusually narrow, oblong linear,
with the palm very short and almost transverse. In the male, the gnatho-
poda (figs. 26, 27) are, as usual, very powerfully developed and nearly
equal-sized, the propodos being in both pairs large and tumefied.
The pereiopoda (figs. 20 —23) are rather strongly built, and compara-
tively more elongated than in A. Maximowiczi. Their outer part is edged
bus.-Muar, erp. 277. 27
448 @. 0. SARS,
with fascicles of bristles intermingled with spines, and in all of them the
dactylus is very strong and curved. The basal joint of the penultimate pair
(fig. 22) is not particularly broad, but is of a form similar to that of the
antepenultimate pair (fig. 21), though somewhat larger. The basal joint of
the last pair (fig. 23), on the other hand, is considerably expanded, forming
at the infero-posteal corner a projecting lobe, which is narrowly rounded
at the tip. The hind edge of the joint is distinctly serrated, with extremely
small bristles springing from the serrations. In the male, this joint (see
fig. 28) appears somewhat less expanded, though of a similar form.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 24) are short and stout, with the basal
part very thick, and armed at the end with strong spines. The outer ramus
is but little longer than the basal part, and does not exhibit any lateral
spines, whereas a few such spines, intermingled with slender bristles, issue
at the base of the small terminal joint. The inner ramus exhibits the usual
scale-like appearance.
The telson (fig. 25) is considerably broader than it is long, and has the
cleft rather narrow. The lateral lobes are obtusely truncated at the tip, and
each carry but a single very minute apical spinule.
Occurrence. — Several specimens of this form are contained in the col-
lection of Dr. Grimm, having been collected partly in the bay of Baku,
partly in that of Balchansky. A few specimens were also collected last year
by Mr. Andrussow in the bay of Krasnovodsk. It would seem everywhere
to be a sub-littoral species.
Gen. Gammarus, Lin.
This genus would seem to be very abundantly represented in the Caspian
Sea, and exhibits a very remarkable extent of variability as to the specific
characters. To the 11 species previously described by the present author,
are now added 10 new ones, increasing the number of species to no less than
21 in all, and it is very probable that we are still far from having become
acquainted with all the existing forms.
12. Gammarus Grimmi, G. O. Sars.
(Pl. 6, figs. 1—10).
Gammarus robustus Grimm, not Smith.
Specific Characters. — Body rather slender and compressed, with the
mesosome and metasome perfectly smooth. Urosome having the 2 anterior
segments each produced dorsally to a very prominent tubercle tipped
with spines; Ist segment with 2 unequal lateral spines; last one with 3
‘bus.-Mar. crp. 278. 28
CRUSTACEA GASPIA. 449
such spines. Lateral lobes of cephalon somewhat prominent, and obtusely
truncated at the tip. Coxal plates not very large, somewhat deeper in female
than in male. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome acutely produced at
the lateral corners. Eyes oblong oval. Superior antennee much longer than
the inferior, and very slender, flagellum fully twice the length of the ped-
uncle, accessory appendage rather elongated, and composed of 5 —7 articu-
lations. Gnathopoda rather unequally developed, the posterior ones being
much the stronger, and in male exceedingly powerful, with the propodos
large and tumefied. Pereiopoda comparatively more slender than in most
other species, basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs rather narrow, that of
last pair oblong quadrangular in form, being produced at the infero-posteal
corner to @ short narrowly rounded lobe. Last pair of uropoda very much
elongated, outer ramus narrow, sublinear and densely setous, inner ramus
small, scale-like. Telson with the lateral lobes conically tapering, and each
armed with 2 apical spines. Length of male 27 mm.
Remarks. — The present form was labelled by Dr. Grimm G. robustus;
but, as this name has been already appropriated by Prof. S. Smith for an
American species, I have seen fit to change it, and to name the species
after its discoverer. It is very nearly allied to the form described by the
present author in his first article on the Caspian Amphipoda as G. hemo-
baphes Kichwald, and at first | was indeed inclined to regard it only as a
variety of that species. On a closer examination, however, I have found it
to differ rather conspicuously in some particulars, so as more properly to be
regarded as specifically distinct.
Description. — The length of the largest specimens reaches to 27 mm.,
and this form accordingly grows to a considerably larger size than G. hemo-
baphes. As usual, male-specimens are generally larger than female ones.
The body (see fig. 1), as compared with that of G. hemobaphes, appears
rather more slender and compressed, and has the mesosome and metasome
quite smooth throughout. The urosome, on the other hand, has each of its
first 2 segments produced dorsally to a very prominent narrow tubercle of
a similar shape to that found in G. caspius. The tubercle of the 1st segment
(see fig. 3) is somewhat stronger than that of the 2nd, and carries on the
transversely truncated tip, 4 spines arranged in pairs, and accompanied by
a few small hairs. The posterior tubercle has only 2 juxtaposed apical spines.
Moreover, the Ist segment has 2 unequal lateral spimules, and 3 similar
spines occur on each side of the last segment, at the base of the telson.
The cephalon scarcely attains the length of the first 2 segments of the
mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes rather broad and somewhat
prominent, with the tip obtusely truncated.
Pus.-Mar. erp. 279. 29
450 @. 0. SARS,
The anterior pairs of coxal plates resemble in shape those in G. hemo-
baphes, being somewhat deeper in the female than in the male.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, and the last
pair acutely produced at the lateral corners.
The eyes are of moderate size, oblong oval in form, and somewhat ob-
liquely disposed. The pigment is generally dark, but in some specimens it
appeared considerably lighter.
The superior antenne are very slender and elongated, exceeding half
the length of the body, and with the joints of the peduncle successively
diminishing in size. The flagellum is fully twice as long as the peduncle,
and is divided into numerous short articulations. The accessory appendage
(see fig. 2) is very narrow, thread-like, and fully twice as long as the last
peduncular joint. It is composed of 7 articulations of equal length.
The inferior antennze are considerably shorter than the superior, but
more strongly built, especially in the male, and are provided with dense
fascicles of bristles along the posterior edge of both the peduncle and the
flagellum.
The gnathopoda exhibit a similar structure to that in G. hemobaphes,
and, as im that species, are rather unequally developed, the posterior being
much the stronger. In the female this pair (fig. 7) have the propodos nearly
twice as large as in the Ist pair (fig. 6), though exhibiting a similar form,
the palm being somewhat oblique, and defined below by an obtuse corner
armed with a number of strong spines. In the male both pairs are rather
unlike, and still more unequal in size than in the female. The anterior ones
(fig. 4) have the propodos of moderate size, and oblong oval in form, with
the palm very oblique. In the posterior ones (fig. 5) the propodos is of very
considerable size, and strongly tumefied in its proximal part, having numer-
ous dense fascicles of bristles along the inferior edge. The palm is obliquely
arcuate, and defined below by a rather projecting corner armed with 3 strong
spines. The dactylus in both pairs is much coarser than in the female and
strongly curved.
The pereiopoda are comparatively much more slender than in G- hemo-
baphes, and have their outer part edged with fascicles of short spines. The
basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs is conspicuously narrower than in the
said species, though exhibiting a similar mutual relationship as to size. In
the last pair (fig. 8) this joint is of an oblong quadrangular form, with the
infero-posteal corner produced to a short, narrowly rounded lappet; its
posterior edge is nearly straight and very distinctly serrated.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 9) are very much elongated, being fully
as long as the urosome, and having the outer ramus narrow, sub-linear, and
‘bus.-Mur, erp. 280. ie)
PRAT
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 45]
densely fringed all round with setae. The inner ramus is very small and
scale-like.
The telson (fig. 10) has the lateral lobes obtusely pointed, and each
armed on the tip (see fig. 10a) with 2 short spines accompanied by some
delicate hairs.
Occurrence. — This form has been collected in great numbers by
Dr. Grimm, in the middle and southern parts of the Caspian Sea, the depth
varying from 35 to 108 fathoms.
13. Gammarus subnudus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 6, figs. 11—19).
Specific Characters. — Body somewhat tumid and quite smooth through-
out. Cephalon with the lateral lobes rather broad and somewhat obliquely
truncated at the tip, the inferior corner being the more prominent. Anterior
pairs of coxal plates comparatively large and broad, especially the 4th pair.
The last 2 epimeral plates of metasome nearly rectangular. Urosome with-
out any spines or projections dorsally. Eyes oblong oval. Superior antennz
comparatively short, though a little longer than the inferior, flagellum about
the length of the peduncle, accessory appendage rather small, 3-articulate.
Gnathopoda in female rather unequal, the posterior ones being much the
stronger. Pereiopoda not very elongated, and almost naked, basal joint of
antepenultimate pair subquadrangular, that of last pair considerably ex-
panded, and forming at the infero-posteal corner a rounded projecting lobe,
posterior edge but slightly crenulated. Last pair of uropoda of moderate
size, outer ramus rather broad, flattened, setous all round; immer ramus
small, scale-like. Telson with the lateral lobes comparatively broad and
blunted at the tip, each with a-single small apical spinule. Length of adult
female 8 mm.
Remarks. — This new species may easily be recognized by its com-
paratively tumid body, the smooth urosome, and the unusually slight spinous
armature of the pereiopoda, which latter character has given rise to the
specific name.
Description. — The length of fully adult, ovigerous specimens does not
exceed 8 mm.
The body (see fig. 11) appears rather robust and somewhat tumid, with
the back broadly rounded, and quite smooth throughout.
The cephalon is but little longer than the 1st segment of the mesosome,
and has the lateral lobes rather broad and somewhat obliquely truncated,
with the inferior corner the more prominent.
4n3.-Mar. erp. 281. 31
452 @. 0. SARS.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively large and broad,
being considerably deeper than the corresponding segments. The 1st pair
are not at all expanded distally and, like the 2 succeeding ones, obtusely
truncated at the tip, without any marginal bristles. The 4th pair are of con-
siderable breadth, and have the posterior expansion transversely truncated.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, and the last
2 pairs nearly rectangular.
The urosome is quite smooth, without any spines or dorsal projections,
having only at the end of each segment a few small hairs.
The eyes are of middle size and oblong oyal in form, with dark pigment.
The superior antenne are not very much elongated, scarcely exceeding
in length 1, of the body, and with the joints of the peduncle successively
diminishing in size. The flagellum does not exceed the peduncle in length,
and is composed of about 16 articulations. The accessory appendage is com-
paratively small, not attaining the length of the last peduncular joimt, and
is only composed of 3 articulations.
The inferior antenne are a little shorter than the superior, and are
somewhat more densely setiferous. The flagellum does not attain the length
of the last 2 peduncular joits combined.
The gnathopoda of the female, as in the preceding species, are rather
unequal in size, the posterior ones (fig. 14) beg much the stronger, with
the propodos more than twice as large as that of the anterior ones (fig. 13).
The palm in both pairs is rather oblique, and its defining angle very slight,
though armed in the usual manner.
The pereiopoda are not very slender, and are remarkable for their poor
supply of spines or bristles, for which reason they at first. sight appear
nearly naked. The basal joint of the antepenultimate pair (fig. 15) is roun-
ded quadrangular in form, being about as broad as it is long, and hay-
ing the infero-posteal corner produced to a short rounded lobe. That of the
penultimate pair (fig. 16) has the infero-posteal corner not at all produced,
and on this account exhibits a more triangular form. The basal joint of the
last pair (fig. 17), as usual, is considerably larger than that of the 2 pre-
ceding pairs, forming posteriorly a rather broad expansion, which is pro-
duced below to a projecting rounded lobe. The posterior edge of this joint
is but slightly crenulated, and is provided in its inferior half with a few
very small hairs.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 18) are of moderate size, and have the
outer ramus rather broad, sublamellar, and about twice as long as the basal
part. It is fringed all round with slender sete, and has moreover on the
outer edge, 2 fascicles of spines. Its terminal joint is rather small, but dis-
$us.-Mur. erp. 282. 32
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 453
tinct. The inner ramus, as in most other Caspian species, is very small and
scale-like.
The telson (fig. 19) has the lateral lobes rather broad and blunted at the
tip, each carfying only a single apical spine accompanied by a small hair.
Occurrence. — Some few specimens of this form are contained in the
collection of Dr. Grimm, having been collected in the bay of Baku, from
2—6 fathoms.
14. Gammarus macrocephalus, Grimm. MS.
(Pl. 7, figs. 1—11).
Specific Characters. — Body somewhat robust, with evenly rounded
back. Cephalon of quite an unusual size and strongly convex above, lateral
lobes short and broad, transversely trtncated at the tip. Coxal plates not
particularly large. The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of metasome acutely
produced at the lateral corners. Urosome with the 2 anterior segments pro-
duced dorsally to very prominent narrow tubercles tipped by spines; no
lateral spines on the 1st segment. Eyes very small, reniform. Superior
antenne rather slender, and somewhat longer than the superior, accessory
appendage narrow, 6-articulate. Gnathopoda (in male) very unequally de-
veloped, the posterior ones being much stronger than the anterior, with the
propodos exceedingly large, oval pyriform. Pereiopoda rather slender, and
edged with fascicles of short spines, basal joint of last pair moderately ex-
panded and produced at the infero-posteal corner to an obtusely-pointed
lappet. Last pair of uropoda rather elongated, though not attaining the
length of the urosome, outer ramus narrow, sub-linear, and densely fringed
with sets, between which are scattered spines; inner ramus very small.
Telson with the lateral lobes narrowly truncated at the tip, and each carry-
ing 3 apical spines. Length of adult male 24 mm.
Remarks. — This species, established by Dr. Grimm, is at once re-
cognized by the unusual size and peculiar shape of the cephalon, which
character, indeed, would seem to have given rise to the specific name pro-
posed by that author. Otherwise it is nearly allied to G. Grimmi, exhibit-
ing a rather similar armature of the urosome.
Description. — The length of an adult male specimen measures about
24 mm., and this form accordingly grows to a rather large size.
As compared with G. Grimm, the body appears (see fig. 1) somewhat
more robust, with the back broadly rounded and quite smooth.
The cephalon is highly remarkable for its large size and unusual shape.
It considerably exceeds in length the first 2 segments of the mesosome com-
$u3.-Mar. orp. 283, 33 31
454 @. 0. SARS.
bined, and has the dorsal face strongly vaulted, for which reason this spe-
cies acquires a rather peculiar physiognomy. In its interior numerous strong
muscular bundles are seen converging to the buccal area, and the points of
insertion for these bundles beneath the integument produce a peculiar areo-
lated appearance of the dorsal face of the head. The lateral lobes are very
short and broad, being transversely truncated at the tip. Behind them the
inferior edges of the head form a deep emargination encircling the globular
basal joint of the inferior antenne.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are not particularly large, though
somewhat deeper than the corresponding segments. The 1st pair are scarcely
expanded distally, and are transversely truncated at the tip, whereas the 2
succeeding ones appear more rounded distally. The 4th pair, as usual, are
much broader than the others, and form beneath the posterior emargination
an angular corner. ,
The epimeral plates of the metasome are normally developed, the 1st
pair being rather small and rounded, whereas the last 2 pairs are compara-
tively large, and acutely produced at the lateral corners.
The urosome has the 2 anterior segments elevated dorsally, in a manner
similar to that in G. Grimmi, to narrow prominent tubercles, tipped, the
anterior with 4, the posterior with 2 spines. On the sides of the Ist seg-
ment no spines are present, but on the last segment, 2 small juxtaposed
denticles are found on each side, at the base of the telson.
The eyes are very small, but distinctly reniform, having a rather deep
sinus anteriorly.
The superior antenne are rather slender, though somewhat less clong-
ated than in G. Grimmi, not attaining half the length of the body. The 1st
joint of the peduncle is rather large, equalling in length the other 2 com-
bined. The flagellum does not quite attain to twice the length of the peduncle,
and is divided into numerous short articulations. The accessory appendage
is nearly twice as long as the last peduncular joint, and extremely narrow,
being composed of 6 articulations.
The inferior antennz are somewhat shorter than the superior, but con-
siderably more strongly built, and also more richly supplied with bristles.
Their structure is the usual one.
The gnathopoda, at least in the male, are very unequally developed,
the posterior ones (fig. 4) being much more powerful than the anterior
(fig. 3). The propodos of the former is fully twice as large as that of the
latter, and somewhat pyriform in shape, being considerably tumefied in its
proximal part, and tapering distally, with the palm rather oblique and de-
fined behind by a slight, spinous corner.
ous.-Mar. erp. 284. 34
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. . 455
The pereiopoda are rather slender, and have their outer part edged
with scattered fascicles of spines (see fig. 5). The basal joint of the ante-
penultimate pair (fig#6) does not differ much in shape from that of the
penultimate pair (fig. 7), though being somewhat shorter. The basal joint
of the last pair (fig. 8) is much larger, forming posteriorly a lamellar ex-
pansion, which is produced below to an obtusely-pointed lappet. The hind
edge of the joint is but very slightly curved, and is distinctly serrated.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 10) exhibit the usual structure, the
rami being nearly equal-sized, and tipped by numerous short spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 9) are rather elongated, though not quite
attaining the length of the urosome. The outer ramus is very narrow, sub-
linear, and is densely fringed all round with slender sete, besides having
on each side 3 fascicles of short spines. Its terminal joint is so very minute
as easily to escape attention. The inner ramus exhibits the usual rudimentary
condition.
The telson (fig. 11) is comparatively small, and has the lateral lobes
narrowly truncated at the tip, each carrying 3 apical spines accompanied
by a few small hairs.
Occurrence. — Some few specimens of this form were collected by
Dr. Grimm in the middle part of the Caspian Sea, from a depth of 35
fathoms.
15. Gammarus tenellus, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 7,’figs. 12—22).
Specific Characters. — Body extremely slender and compressed, with
the mesosome and metasome quite smooth. Cephalon with the lateral lobes
very obliquely truncated, so as to form in front an acute corner. Coxal
plates not very large. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome acutely
produced at the lateral corners. Urosome distinctly spinulose above, the
spinules being upturned, and arranged in dorsal and lateral fascicles. Eyes
well-developed, oblong oval. Antennze rather slender, both pairs being
densely fringed with delicate sete, the superior ones much the longer, with
the flagellum twice as long as the peduncle, and the accessory appendage
4-articulate. Gnathopoda in both sexes subequal in size, being in female
rather feeble, in male somewhat stronger. Pereiopoda moderately slender,
and edged with dense fascicles of bristles, basal joint of last pair scarcely
differing either in size or shape from that of the penultimate pair. Last
pair of uropoda very much elongated, considerably exceeding in length the
urosome, outer ramus sub-lnear and edged with dense fascicles of spines,
imer ramus very small. Telson small, and abruptly narrowed in its outer
@us.-Mar. erp, 285, 35 31*
456 G. 0. SARS,
part, with the lateral lobes obtusely pointed, and each having 3 apical and
2 lateral spinules. Length of adult female 6 mm.
Remarks. — This new species is easily distinguishable by its slender
and compressed body, the conspicuously spinulose urosome, the uniform
shape of the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda, and _ finally,
by the great development of the last pair of uropoda.
Description. — Fully adult female specimens do not exceed in length
6 mm., male specimens are, as usual, a little larger.
The body (see fig. 12) is exceedingly slender and much compressed,
with the mesosome and metasome quite smooth. te
The urosome, however, exhibits dorsally a very conspicuous spinulose
armature, each segment having 3 fascicles of slender, very much upturned
spinules, one median and 2 lateral. Each fascicle contains, as a rule,
juxtaposed spinules, sometimes accompanied by a small hair.
The cephalon does not attain the length of the first 2 segments of the
mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes very obliquely truncated, so
as to form anteriorly a projecting acute angle.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are not very large, though a little
deeper than the corresponding segments, and they are quite smooth. The
Ist pair are scarcely expanded distally, and are obtusely rounded at the tip.
The 4th pair (see fig. 16) are not particularly broad, and they have the
posterior expansion obtusely truncated.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well deve loped, the 1st pair
being, as usual, rounded, whereas the 2 other pairs, and especially the last,
are acutely produced at the lateral corners.
The eyes are of moderate size, and oblong oval in form, being placed
close to the anterior edges of the head.
The superior antennz are very slender, exceeding half the length of
the body, and have the peduncle, and partly also the flagellum, clothed
posteriorly with slender delicate setae. The 1st joint of the peduncle is, as
usual, the largest, though not much longer than the 2nd, whereas the 3rd
is very much smaller. The flagellum is fully twice as long as the peduncle,
and composed of about 20 articulations. The accessory appendage (see fig. 13)
is rather slender, and 4-articulate.
The inferior antennz are considerably shorter than the superior, and,
especially in the male, very densely clothed posteriorly with rather long
setze. The flagellum is about the length of the peduncle.
The gnathopoda, unlike what is the case in the 3 preceding species, are
in both sexes nearly equal-sized. In the female (figs. 14, 15) they are rather
feeble in structure, and differ somewhat in the shape of the propodos, which
‘u3.-Mar. erp. 286. 36
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 457
in the posterior ones (fig. 15) appears somewhat more elongated than in the
anterior (fig. 14), and has the palm more transverse. In the male both pairs
(figs. 23, 24) are considerably larger, though not particularly strong. The
propodos of the anterior ones (fig. 23) is oblong in form, with the palm
very oblique and somewhat concave, that of the posterior ones (fig. 24) is
a little larger, and widens slightly distally, with the palm nearly transverse.
“The pereiopoda are moderately slender, and have their outer part edged
with fascicles of slender bristles. The 2 anterior pairs (fig. 16) are consider-
ably smaller than the 3 posterior ones (figs. 17 —19), which exhibit a very
uniform appearance, the basal joint in all of them being oval in shape. That
of the last pair (fig. 19), unlike what is generally the case, is only very
slightly expanded, and scarcely differs either in size or shape from that of
the penultimate pair (fig. 18).
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 21) have the outer ramus a little
shorter than the inner, both being tipped by a number of rather slender
spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 20) are highly remarkable for their great
length, being almost twice as long as the urosome. The outer ramus is rather
narrow, and sub-linear, and exhibits on each side 5 fascicles of slender
spines. Its terminal joint is well defined, spiniform, and carries a few slen-
der bristles on the tip. The inner ramus is very small, and scale-like.
The telson (fig. 22) is comparatively small and abruptly narrowed in its
outer yart. The cleft is rather wide, and the lateral lobes obtusely pointed.
They are each armed with 3 apical, and 2 lateral spimules, one of which,
however, has more properly the character of a bi'stle.
Occurrence. — Several specimens of this form were collected by Dr.
Grimm at Stat. 62, lying at some distance south of Baku, the depth being
6 fathoms.
16. Gammarus placidus, Grimm, MS.
(Pl. 8, figs. 1—12).
Specific Characters. — Body extremely slender, though less compressed
than in G. tenellus. Cephalon with the lateral lobes produced in front to a
very acute somewhat deflexed point. Coxal plates not very large. Last pair
of epimeral plates of metasome but slightly produced at the lateral corners.
Urosome densely spinulose above. Eyes of a rather unusual form, being very
narrow, and occupying almost the whole height of the front part of the cephalon,
their lower part slightly dilated. Antennz very slender, and densely setifer-
ous, the superior ones longer than the inferior, and having the accessory
uz.-Mart. orp, 287. 37
458 G. 0. SARS,
appendage rather elongated and 7-articulate. Gnathopoda in female rather
feeble, and almost equal, propodos of the posterior ones somewhat more
elongated than that of the anterior, and having the palm more transverse.
Pereiopoda considerably elongated, basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs very
narrow, and of uniform appearance in all of them. Last pair of uropoda re-
markably elongated, being more than twice as long as the urosome, outer
ramus linear and densely clothed with spines, inner ramus rudimentary.
Telson small, with the lateral lobes obtusely truncated at the tip, and each
armed with a single apical, and a lateral spinule. Length of adult female
13 mn.
Remarks. — This is a very distinct species, and easily recognizable by
the slender form of the body, the peculiar form of the eyes, the acutely
produced lateral lobes of the cephalon, the slender and densely setous
antenne, the narrow form of the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs of pereio-
poda, and finally, the extraordinary length of the last pair of uropoda. In
some points it would seem to approach the above-described G. tenellus.
Description. — The length of an adult, ovigerous female, not including
the last pair of uropoda, measures about 13 mm., and this form accordingly
is more than twice as large as its nearest ally, G. tenellus.
The body (see fig. 1) is very slender, though less compressed than in the
last-named species, and has the mesosome and metasome perfectly smooth.
The cephalon (fig. 2) does not quite attain the length of the first 2 seg-
ments of the mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes produced in
front to a rather conspicuous acute point, which is sometimes slightly de-
flexed.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are not very large, though somewhat
deeper than the corresponding segments. The 1st pair (see fig. 4) are quad-
rangular in form, the 2 succeeding ones (see fig. 5) a little narrowed in
their outer part. The 4th pair are but little broader than the preceding
one, and have the posterior expansion rather short.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, the 1st pair
being, as usual, rounded, the other 2 but very slightly produced at the
lateral corners.
The urosome is conspicuously spinulose above, the spinules being, as
in G. tenellus, arranged in 3 fascicles on each segment. The lateral fas-
cicles each contain on the Ist segment 4, on the 2nd 3, and on the last
2 spinules.
The eyes (see fig. 2) are highly remarkable by their unusual shape, be-
ing extremely narrow, almost band-shaped, and occupying nearly the whole
height of the frontal part of the head. Their lower part is slightly dilated
‘bua.-Mar. erp. 288, 38
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 459
and curved anteriorly towards the point of the lateral lobes. The visual
elements are well developed, and the pigment very dark.
The superior antennee are very slender and elongated, almost attaining
%/, of the length of the body. They are clothed posteriorly with numerous
fascicles of slender bristles, and have the 2nd joint of the peduncle fully as
long as the 1st. The flagellum is about twice as long as the peduncle, and
is composed of numerous short articulations. The accessory appendage is
rather fully developed, considerably exceeding in length the last peduncular
joint, and is composed of 7 articulations.
The inferior antennz are shorter than the superior, and still more
densely clothed with sete, arranged in regular fascicles along the posterior
edge of both the peduncle and the flagellum. The latter nearly equals the
peduncle in length, and is composed of about 16 articulations.
The gnathopoda of the female (figs. 4, 5) are not very powerful, and are
nearly equal-sized, the posterior ones being only a little more elongated than
the anterior. Both pairs are densely clothed with slender, fasciculated bristles,
and have the propodos slightly different in shape, that of the posterior ones
(fig. 5) beg somewhat longer and more transversely truncated at the tip.
In the male the posterior gnathopoda are considerably larger than the ante-
rior, but as none of the male specimens examined were fully grown, no
figures are given here.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (see fig. 1) are rather slender and
somewhat unequal in length, the 1st pair being the longer, but otherwise
exactly agreeing with the 2nd pair.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda are more strongly built, and rather
elongated, being generally strongly reflexed. The basal joint in all of them
(see figs. 7—9) is rather narrow, and in the last pair (fig. 9) not at all
differing from that of the penultimate pair, either in size or shape. The
outer part of all these legs is-edged with scattered fascicles of short spines.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 10) have both the basal part and
the rami rather densely spinous, but are otherwise quite normal in structure.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 11), on the other hand, are very remark-
able from their extraordinary length, being even more than twice as long
as the urosome. The outer ramus is of uniform breadth throughout, linear
in form, and provided on both edges with numerous fascicles of short spines
accompanied by a few small bristles. The terminal joimt is spiniform and
almost hidden between the spines issuing from the end of the proximal joint.
The inner ramus is so extremely small as easily to be overlooked.
The telson (fig. 12) is rather short, being almost twice as broad as it is
long, and has the cleft rather narrow. The lateral lobes have the outer edge
‘pus.-Mat. ctp. 289, 39
460 @. 0. SARS,
angularly bent in the middle, and are obtusely truncated at the tip. They
carry each a single apical spinule, and a similar lateral one.
Occurrence. — Some few specimens of this form, for the greater part
still immature, are contained in the collection of Dr. Grimm, having been
collected partly in the bay of Baku, from a depth of 2—6 fathoms, partly
in the middle part of the Caspian Sea, from a depth of 40 fathoms. A soli-
tary, quite young, male specimen was taken last year by Mr. Maximowicz
in the bay Karabugas.
17. Gammarus platycheir, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 8, figs. 14—27).
Specific Characters. — Body rather robust and tumid, with broadly
vaulted back. Lateral lobes of cephalon transversely truncated at the tip.
Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather deep, and densely fringed with bristles;
Ist pair tapering conically, 2nd pair likewise narrowed distally, 3rd pair
oblong quadrangular, 4th pair rather broad, forming beneath the posterior
expansion an angular corner. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome but
slightly produced at the lateral corners. Urosome with a few scattered
spinules above. Eyes oblong reniform. Antenne very short, the superior
ones not exceeding in length the inferior, and having the flagellum shorter
than the peduncle, accessory appendage 4-articulate. Gnathopoda very un-
equal, the posterior ones being much stronger than the anterior, with the
propodos greatly expanded distally, palm arcuate, and having a dense series
of submarginal bristles, defining angle very slight, spinous, one of the
spines being much clongated, dactylus long, falciform. Pereiopoda rather
slender, basal joint of last pair much larger than that of the 2 preceding
pairs, oblong oval, hind edge densely setiferous. Last pair of uropoda not
much elongated, outer ramus subfoliaceous, fringed with sets, inner rather
small, Telson cleft nearly to the base, lateral lobes obtusely pointed, and
each armed with 3 small apical spinules. Length 16 mm.
Remarks. — This is a rather anomalous form, which is only provisionally
placed under the genus Gammarus, exhibiting, as it does, some points of
affinity both to the genus Niphargoides and to Pandorites.
Description. — The solitary specimen examined, which seems to be of
male sex, measures about 16 mm. in length, and is accordingly of rather
large size.
The body (see fig. 14) somewhat resembles in form that of the species
of the genus Niphargoides, being rather robust and tumid, with the back
broadly vaulted and quite smooth.
us.-Mar, corp. 290. 40
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 461
The cephalon is comparatively small, not nearly attaining the length of
the first 2 segments of the mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes
rather broad and transversely truncated at the tip.
The anterior paigs of coxal plates are nearly twice as deep as the cor-
responding segments, and densely fringed with sctz on their distal edge.
They are rather unequal both as to size and shape. The 1st pair are much
the smallest, and exhibit a somewhat unusual form, being gradually narrowed
distally, with the tip obtusely pointed, and extending obliquely forwards.
The 2nd pair are somewhat larger than the 1st, and more deflexed, but are
likewise considerably narrowed distally. The 3rd pair are much larger, and
of the usual oblong quadrangular form. The 4th pair are still larger, nearly
as broad as they are deep, and distinctly emarginated posteriorly in their
upper part, the emargination being defined below by a projecting corner.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, the 2nd pair
being the deepest, and exhibiting in their anterior part a dense fringe of
delicate, curved bristles. The last pair are but little produced at the lateral
corner, and, like the preceding pair, nearly rectangular.
The urosome has on each of its segments dorsally, 2 small, juxtaposed
spinules. On the last segment there is also a single lateral spinule (see
fig. 17).
The eyes are of moderate size, and oval reniform in shape, being placed
somewhat obliquely.
The superior antenni are rather short, scarcely exceeding in length the
cephalon and the first 2 segments of the mesosome combined, and have the
Ist joint of the peduncle about as long as the other 2 taken together. The
flagellum (see fig. 15) does not attain the length of the peduncle, and is
composed of 12 articulations. The accessory appendage is about 1), as long
as the flagellum, and 4-articulate.
The inferior antennz are fully as long as the superior, perhaps even a
little longer, and exhibit the usual structure.
The gnathopoda are very unequally developed, the posterior (fig. 16)
being much larger than the anterior, and exhibiting a rather anomalous
structure somewhat recalling that in the genus Pandorites. As in that
genus, the carpus is very small, whereas the propodos is of exceedingly large
size, and somewhat flattened, being gradually expanded distally, whereby it
acquires an almost triangular form. The palm is rather oblique and evenly
curved, be.ng provided, somewhat within the edge, with a dense and regular
series of strong, spiniform bristles. The defining angle. is very slight, and
armed with 3 strong spines, one of which is rather elongated. The
hind margin of the propodos, which is somewhat shorter than the: palm,
‘Pu3.-Mat. erp. 291. 41
462 _ @. 0. SARS,
carries a few fascicles of short bristles, whereas the opposite edge is quite
smooth. The dactylus is very long and falciform, its tip being received be-
tween the spines of the lower corner, when the dactylus is bent in against
the propodos.
The pereiopoda are rather slender, and exhibit on the whole a normal
structure. The 2nd pair are somewhat more densely setiferous than the Ist,
but otherwise of the very same appearance. The basal joint of the last pair
is much larger than that of the 2 preceding pairs, and of oblong oval form,
with the posterior edge slightly curved and densely fringed with delicate seta.
The last pair of uropoda (see fig. 17) are not particularly elongated,
though reaching considerably beyond the others, and have the outer ramus
rather broad, sub-foliaceous, with a very small terminal joint. It is densely
fringed with slender setze, and has, moreover, on the outer edge, 2 distant
spines. The inner ramus is somewhat less rudimentary than in most other
species, being nearly '/, as long as the outer, and carries at the tip 2 small
spines.
The telson (ibid.) is about as long as it is broad, and scarcely narrowed
distally. The cleft does not extend quite to the base, and it gradually widens
posteriorly. The lateral lobes are bluntly pointed, and carry each 3 rather
small and closely-set apical spines.
Occurrence. — The above-described specimen was taken by Mr. War-
pachowsky at Stat. 59, lying at some distance outside the mouth of the
Wolga.
18. Gammarus Weidemanni, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 9, figs. 1—11).
Specific Characters. — Body comparatively robust and quite smooth,
with broadly vaulted back. Lateral lobes of cephalon but slightly prominent,
and obliquely rounded. Anterior pairs of coxal plates rather large, and
densely setiferous; 1st pair distinctly expanded in their outer part, 4th pair
very broad, with the posterior expansion transversely truncated. Last pair
of epimeral plates of metasome but slightly produced at the lateral corners.
Urosome quite smooth above. Eyes of moderate size, oval reniform. Antennz
short, equal-sized, the superior ones with the flagellum longer than the ped-
uncle, accessory appendage 5-articulate. Inferior antennz with the 2 outer
joints of the peduncle simple, cylindric, clothed with scattered fascicles of
bristles. Mandibular palps of normal size. Gnathopoda in female compara-
tively strong, and somewhat unequal, the posterior ones being the larger;
those in male, as usual, still more powerful. The 2 anterior pairs of pereio-
poda very robust, with the meral and carpal joints lamellarly expanded and
‘Pus.-Miar, erp. 292, 42
2 aie
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 463
densely clothed with delicate curved bristles; the 3 posterior pairs likewise
rather robust, and having their outer part edged with strong spines accom-
panied by slender bristles; basal joint of last pair rather large, oval. Last
pair of uropoda not much elongated, outer ramus sub-foliaceous and densely
setiferous, inner ramus about half the length of the outer. Telson with the
lateral lobes rather narrow, and each armed with 3 apical spines. Length
of adult male 11 mm.
Remarks. — In its general appearance, this form somewhat resembles
G. aralensis Uljanin'), from which however, it, is easily distinguishable
by the perfectly smooth urosome, and by the somewhat different structure of
the posterior pairs of pereiopoda. It also comes rather near to G. abbreviatus
G. O. Sars; but its nearest ally would seem to be G. m@oticus Sowinsky,
to be described later.
Description. — The length of the largest male specimens measures about
11 mm., and this form is accordingly rather inferior in size to the Caspian
variety of G. aralensis.
The form of the body (see fig. 1) appears on the whole to be rather
robust and somewhat tumid, with the back broadly rounded and _ perfectly
smooth throughout.
The cephalon does not attain the length of the first 2 segments of the
mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes but slightly prominent, and
obliquely rounded.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are rather large, and densely fringed
distally with slender bristles. The 1st pair (see fig. 4) are distinctly ex-
panded in their outer part, and accordingly somewhat broader than the
succeeding pair (see fig. 5), which, on the contrary, are slightly narrowed
distally. The 4th pair are exceedingly broad, with the posterior expansion
rather prominent, and transversely truncated at the tip.
The last 2 pairs: of epimeral plates of the metasome are of same shape,
and but slightly preduced at the lateral corners.
The urosome is perfectly smooth above, with only 2 very small juxta-
posed spinules on each side of the last segment, at the base of the telson.
The eyes are of moderate size, and are oval reniform in shape, with
dark pigment.
The superior antennz (fig. 2) are rather short, scarcely exceeding in
length the cephalon and the first 2 segments of the mesosome combined,
and have the Ist joint of the peduncle rather massive, exceeding in length
1) This species has been described by the present author in his 2nd article on the Caspian
Amphipoda as G. robustoides, Grimm.
us,-Mar. erp. 293, . 43
464 G. 0. SARS,
the other 2 combined. The flagellum somewhat exceeds the peduncle in
length, and is composed of about 16 articulations. The accessory appendage
is of moderate size, and 5-articulate.
The inferior antenne (fig. 3) are about same length as the superior, but
somewhat more strongly built. The 2 outer joints of the peduncle are simple
cylindric, and provided posteriorly with a few fascicles of slender bristles.
The flagellum is about the length of those joints combined, and is composed
of 8 articulations.
The mandibular palps (fig. 3) are of normal size, being about as long as
the mandibles, and are rather densely setous, with the terminal joint some-
what curved, and narrowly truncated at the tip.
The gnathopoda in the female (figs. 4, 5) are rather strong and slightly un-
equal, the posterior ones (fig. 5) being the larger. The propodos in both pairs
is of nearly same shape, though different in size, oval quadrangular, with
the palm somewhat oblique, and defined below by an obtuse corner carrying
the usual spines. In the male (see fig. 1) the gnathopoda are, as usual, more
powerfully developed, though the difference between the male and female in
this respect is not very pronounced.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are very robust, and some-
what resemble in structure those in G. aralensis. In both pairs, but especi-
ally in the 2nd, the meral joint is of very considerable size, and clothed
posteriorly with numerous slender curved setz arranged in a double. row,
anteriorly, with scattered fascicles of rather long bristles. The carpal joint
is likewise unusually expanded, though rather short, and provided with a
similar dense supply of delicate sete#. The propodal joint, on the other hand,
is narrow cylindric, with a row of strong spines posteriorly, accompanied
by numerous slender bristles.
The 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda (figs. 7—9) are not nearly so slender
as in G. aralensis, and have their outer part densely clothed with fascicles
of short spines accompanied by slender bristles. The basal joint of the ante-
penultimate pair (fig. 7) is rounded quadrangular in form, having the infero-
posteal corner produced to a rounded lobe. That of the penultimate pair
(fig. 8) is only expanded in its proximal part, and is accordingly of a more
triangular form. The basal joint of the last pair (fig. 9) is much larger than
that of the 2 preceding pairs, forming posteriorly a broad lamellar expan-
sion, the edge of which is evenly curved, and fringed with very small hairs.
Anteriorly, as also on the inner face, this joint, like that of the 2 preceding
pairs, carries several fascicles of rather long bristles.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 10) are of moderate size, and have the
basal part armed at the end below with a transverse row of 7 strong spines.
‘bus.-Mar. erp. 294. 44
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 465
The outer ramus is about twice as long as the basal part, and rather broad,
sub-foliaceous, being edged all round with slender, ciliated sets, and having
moreover 2 fascicles of spines on the outer edge. Its terminal joint is so
very minute, as easily to escape attention. The inner ramus is of larger size
than usual, being fully half as long as the outer, and is provided inside with
2 juxtaposed spines, followed by a regular row of slender bristles.
The telson (fig. 11) is cleft by a deep incision, somewhat widening post-
eriorly, into 2 rather narrow lobes, each of which carries, on the somewhat
blunted tip, 3 spines.
Occurrence. — Of this form at first but a few specimens, collected by
Mr. Weidemann, were sent me from the Zoological Museum. The same
form was subsequently found rather plentiful in some collections made by
Messrs. Andrussow and Maximowicz in the bay Karabugas. It here
occurred together with G. maeoticus at a short distance from the shore, on
a sandy bottom. A few specimens of the same form were also collected by
Mr. Warpachowsky in the eastern part of the North Caspian Sea, at
Stat. 63.
19. Gammarus maeoticus, Sowinsky.
(Pl. 9, figs. 12—20).
Gammarus maeoticus, Sowinsky, Les Crustacés de la mer d’Azow,
Pe Gee be AS PI atl:
Specific Characters. — Very like the preceding species, as to its out-
ward appearance. Cephalon, however, having the lateral lobes more promi-
nent, and narrowly rounded at the tip. Anterior pairs of coxal plates com-
paratively smaller and rapidly diminishing in size anteriorly; 1st pair not at
all expanded distally. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome nearly rect-
angular. Urosome smooth above. Eyes comparatively small, reniform.
Antenne more robust than in the preceding species, flagellum of the super-
ior ones scarcely as long as the peduncle, accessory appendage almost half
the length of the flae-"mm, and 5-articulate. Inferior antennze with the 3
outer joints of the peduncle rather broad, forming posteriorly rounded ex-
pansions, densely clothed with delicate bristles. Mandibular palps exceedingly
large, more than twice the length of the mandibles. Gnathopoda in female
comparatively small and feeble, nearly equal-sized; in male much more
powerfully developed, and rather unequal, the posterior ones being much
the larger. Pereiopoda, uropoda and telson nearly agreeing in structure with
those parts in G. Weidemanni. Length of adult male 12 mm.
Remarks. — This species was detected by Mr. Sowinsky in the Azow
Sea, and the female was rather fully described by him in a Russian paper
4u3.-Mar, erp. 295. 4S
466 G. 0. SARS,
on the Crustacea of that Sea. It is very nearly allied to G. Weidemanni,
and would seem to be generally found together with this species. On a closer
examination, it may, however, easily be distinguished by the more strongly
built antenne, and especially by the very dense supply of delicate bristles
on the inferior ones. Moreover, the anterior pairs of coxal plates are com-
paratively smaller, and the gnathopoda of the female much feebler. Finally,
the mandibular palps are highly remarkable for their extraordinary de-
velopment.
Description. — The length of the largest male specimens amounts to
12 mm., and this form would accordingly seem to grow to a somewhat
larger size than G. Weidemanni.
The general form of the body (see fig. 12) closely resembles that of the
said species, the back being broadly rounded and remarkably smooth.
The cephalon is somewhat produced in front between the bases of the
superior antennee, and has the lateral lobes somewhat more prominent than
in the preceding species, and narrowly rounded at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively smaller than in that
species, and rather unequal, diminishing rapidly in size anteriorly. The Ist
pair (see fig. 16) are scarcely broader than the 2nd, and much less deep,
not being at all expanded in their outer part. The 4th pair exhibit a simi-
lar form to that in G. Weidemanni, but have the posterior expansion less
broad.
The last 2 pairs of epimeral plates of the metasome are scarcely produ-
ced at all at the lateral corners, being nearly rectangular.
The urosome is perfectly smooth above, though, on a closer examination,
2 small, juxtaposed spinules may be found, as in the preceding species, on
each side of the last segment.
The eyes are comparatively smaller than in G. Weidemanni, and pro-
nouncedly reniform, having a rather deep sinus anteriorly.
The antenne, as in that species, are rather short and subequal in length,
but appear tobe more strongly built. The superior ones (fig. 13) have the
Ist joint of the peduncle very large and massive, considerably exceeding in
length the other 2 combined. The flagellum does not quite attain the length
of the peduncle, and is only composed of S—9 articulations, each having
posteriorly a rather dense fascicle of delicate bristles. The accessory ap-
pendage is nearly half as long as the flagellum, and is composed of 5. arti-
culations having, anteriorly, coarse, spiniform bristles.
The inferior antenne (fig. 14) have the 3 outer joints of the peduncle
rather broad forming posteriorly rounded expansions, which are very densely,
bus.-Mar, erp. 296. 46
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 467
almost in a brushlike manner, clothed with delicate bristles. The flagellum
is likewise densely setiferous, and only composed of 6 articulations.
The mandibular palps (fig. 15) are highly remarkable for their extra-
ordinary size, being more than twice as long as the mandibles. The terminal
joint is fully as long as the 2nd, both being rather broad, and densely sup-
plied with long and curved bristles.
The gnathopoda of the female (see the figures given by Mr. Sowinsky)
are comparatively poorly developed, and nearly equal-sized, thereby differing
conspicuously from those in the female of G. Weidemanni. In the male, how-
ever, these limbs (figs. 16,17) are much more powerful and rather unequal,
the posterior ones (fig. 17) being much the stronger. The propodos of the
latter is very large and broad, of oval quadrangular form, whereas in the
former (fig. 16) it is rather narrow oblong.
The pereiopoda are almost exactly of same structure as in G. Weide-
mann, and need not therefore be described in detail.
The same is also the case with the uropoda (figs. 18, 19) and the telson
(fig. 20).
Occurrence. — Some specimens of this form are contained in the col-
lection of Dr. Grimm, but without statement of locality. It was taken
during the past summer in great abundance by Messrs. Andrussow and
Maximovicz in the bay of Karabugas, from quite shallow depth.
Distribution. — The Azow Sea (Sowinsky).
20. Gammarus pauxillus, Grimm. MS.
(Pl. 10, figs. 1—18).
Specific Characters. — Body very slender and compressed. Cephalon
with the lateral lobes somewhat obliquely truncated, anterior corner the
more prominent. Coxal plates of moderate size and quite smooth. Last pair
of epimeral plates of metasome slightly produced at the lateral corners.
Urosome with a single spinule on each side of the last 2 segments. Eyes
rather large, oblong oval. Superior antennz much longer than the inferior,
flagellum very slender, accessory appendage small, triarticulate. Gnathopoda
in female comparatively feeble, and subequal in size; those in male very
powerful, with the propodos in both pairs exceedingly large, and oblong oval
in form. Anterior pairs of pereiopoda slender, posterior pairs moderately
elongated, basal joint of last pair but slightly expanded, and scarcely larger
than that of the penultimate pair. Last pair of uropoda rather elongated,
outer ramus sublinear, spinous, inner small, scale-like. Telson very short,
lateral lobes blunted at the tip, and without any apical spines. Lenght of
adult female 4 mm., of male 6 mm.
us.-Mar. erp. 297. 47
468 G. 0. SARS,
Remarks. — This is a very small species, but easily recognizable by
the slender body, the very unequal-sized antennz, the powerful structure
of the gnathopoda in the male, the comparatively small size of the basal
joint of the last pair of pereiopoda, and finally, the armature of the urosome.
Description. — The length of fully adult, ovigerous female specimens
scarcely exceeds 4 mm.; that of male specimens is somewhat greater, at-
taining to 6 mm.
The body in both sexes (see figs. 1 and 14) is very slender and com-
pressed, with the back smooth throughout.
The cephalon (see fig. 15) about equals in length the first 2 segments of
the mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes rather broad, but very
obliquely truncated, so as to form in front a somewhat prominent, though
blunt corner.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are not very large, though somewhat
deeper than the corresponding segments, and have their distal edge quite
smooth. The Ist pair (see figs. 4 and 16) are slightly expanded in their
outer part, whereas the 2 succeeding pairs (see fig. 5) are about same breadth
throughout. The 4th pair (fig. 7) are somewhat broader than the preceding
ones, and have the posterior expansion transversely truncated.
The 2 posterior pairs of epimeral plates of the metasome are slightly
produced at the lateral corners, whereas the 1st pair, as usual, are rounded
and far less deep.
The urosome (fig. 11) is smooth above, having only at the end of each
segment a few very small hairs. Laterally, however, each of the last 2 seg-
ments is armed with a single well-defined spinule.
The eyes (see fig. 15) are rather large, occupying nearly the whole
height of the frontal part of the head, and exhibit ing an oblong oval
form. The visual elements are well developed, and the pigment dark.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) are very slender and elongated, exceeding
half the length of the body, and have the 2nd joint of the peduncle about
same length as the Ist, though considerably narrower. The flagellum is
fully twice as long as the peduncle, and filiform, being composed of 16—20
articulations. The accessory appendage is comparatively small, and tri-
articulate.
The inferior antenn (fig. 3) are scarcely more than half as long as the
superior, and of normal structure.
The gnathopoda are very different in the 2 sexes. In the female (figs. 4, 5)
they are comparatively small and feeble, and nearly equal-sized, but differing
somewhat in the shape of the propedos, which in the posterior pair
(fig. 5) is a little more elongated, and slightly widens distally, with the
us.- Mar. crp. 298. 48
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 469
palm less oblique than in the anterior ones (fig. 4). In the male, both pairs
(figs. 16, 17) are very powerfully developed, with the propodos exceedingly
large, especially in the posterior pair (fig. 17), and of oblong oval form, the
palm being much shorter than the hind margin.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) exhibit the usual slender
form, and are but sparingly setous.
The 3 posterior pairs (figs. 8—10) are moderately elongated, the basal
joint being in none of them particularly expanded, that of the last pair
(fig. 10) not differing much either in size or shape from that of the pen-
ultimate pair (fig. 9).
The last.pair of uropoda (fig. 12) are rather elongated, especially in the
male (see fig. 11), projecting considerably beyond the others. The outer
ramus is sub-linear in form, and exhibits, on each side, 2 or 3 fascicles of
slender spines. The terminal joint of this ramus is very narrow, spiniform,
and tipped with 2 unequal bristles. The inner ramus exhibits the usual
rudimentary appearance.
The telson (fig. 13) is very short, being nearly twice as broad as it is
long, and is cleft to the base by a rather narrow incision. The lateral lobes
are obtusely truncated at the tip, and do not exhibit any trace of apical
Spines, whereas 2 juxtaposed, delicate bristles are found on each lobe ex-
teriorly, at a short distance from the tip.
Occurrence. — Of this diminutive species a few, not very well preserved
specimens are contained in the collection of Dr. Grimm. They were taken
in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, from the considerable depth of
108 fathoms. Another specimen was found farther north, in a depth of 40
fathoms.
21. Gammarus Andrussowi, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 10, figs. 18—26).
Specific Characters. —- Body rather slender and compressed. Lateral
lobes of cephalon transversely truncated. Coxal plates comparatively larger
than in G. pauxillus, 4th pair rather broad, and angularly produced below
the posterior emargination. Epimeral plates of metasome about as in the
said species. Urosome with the 2 anterior segments spinulose both dorsally
and laterally. Eyes not very large, oval reniform. Superior antennz much
longer than the inferior, joints of the peduncle successively diminishing in
size, flagellum very slender, accessory appendage 4-articulate. Gnathopoda
in female very unequal, the anterior ones being much the stronger, and havy-
ing the propodos rather large; posterior ones extremely slender, with the
$u3.-Mar. erp, 299. 49 32
470 G0. SARS,
propodos narrow, sub-linear. The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda normal; the
3 posterior pairs moderately elongated, with the basal joint in all of them
rather expanded, and produced at the infero-posteal corner, that of last pair
much the largest, and having the posterior expansion obtusely truncated
below. Last pair of uropoda much elongated, with the outer ramus sub-linear
and spinous, inner rudimentary. Telson of moderate size, lateral lobes ob-
tusely pointed, and having each a rather strong lateral spine and 3 apical
ones. Length of adult female 5 mm.
Remarks. — This new species, which I have much pleasure in dedica-
ting to its discoverer, Mr. Andrussow, is prominently distinguished by the
anomalous structure of the gnathopoda, which somewhat resembles that
found in the genus [phigenella, to be described below. Moreover, the shape
of the basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs of pereiopoda, the armature of
the telson, and the considerable length of the last pair of uropoda may
serve for easily recognizing the species.
Description. — The length of the solitary specimen examined, which is
an adult, ovigerous female, measures only 5 mm., and this form is accord-
ingly of rather small size.
The body (see fig. 18) is very slender and much compressed, with the
back narrowly rounded and quite smooth. :
The cephalon is fully as long as the first 2 segments of the mesosome,
and has the lateral lobes rather broad, and transversely truncated at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are comparatively larger than in G.
pauxillus, and, as in that species, quite smooth. The 1st pair are but very
slightly expanded distally, though somewhat broader than the succeeding
one. The 4th pair are rather broad, and have the posterior expansion ob-
liquely truncated, forming below the emargination a rather projecting corner.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are nearly of same shape as in
G. pauaxillus.
The urosome (fig. 24), on the other hand, differs markedly in having
the first 2 segments armed with both dorsal and lateral fascicles of spines,
the dorsal fascicle containing 2—4, each of the lateral ones 3 spinules. The
last segment has only a single small spinule on each side, at the base of the
telson.
The eyes are much smaller than in G. pauxillus, and oval reniform
in shape.
The superior antennz are very slender and elongated, exceeding half
the length of the body, and have the joints of the peduncle successively
diminishing in size (see fig. 19). The flagellum is fully twice as long as the
‘bus.-Mar. erp, 300. 50
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 47]
peduncle, and is composed of about 20 articulations. The accessory appendage
is somewhat longer than the last pedunculaw joint, and 4-articulate.
The inferior antenne are scarcely more than half as long as the supe-
rior, and of usual structure.
The gnathopodd are very unequally developed, the anterior ones (fig. 20)
in this species, contrary to what is usually the case, being much the stron-
ger. The propodos of this pair is very large and of oblong oval form, with
the palm somewhat oblique, though defined below. by a distinct spinous cor-
ner. The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 21) are exceedingly slender, with both
the carpus and propodos rather elongated, and edged with dense fascicles of
slender bristles. The propodos is about the Jength of the carpus, and very
narrow, sublinear, and with the palm extremely short and nearly transverse.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda are rather slender, and normally
developed.
The 3 posterior pairs are moderately elongated, and distinguished by
the basal joint being in all of them rather broad and expanded, with the
infero-posteal corner produced also in the penultimate pair (fig. 22). The
basal joint of the last pair (fig. 23) is much larger than that of the 2 pre-
ceding pairs, and has the posterior expansion obtusely truncated below.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 25) are of considerable length, being even
somewhat longer than the urosome, and have the outer ramus sub-linear in
form, with several fascicles of slender spines on each side. Its terminal joint
is rather small and spiniform.
The telson (fig. 26) is of moderate size, the cleft somewhat widening
posteriorly. The lateral lobes are obtusely pointed at the tip, and carry
each a rather strong lateral spine and 3 somewhat smaller apical ones.
Occurrence. — The above-described specimen was taken last year by
Mr. Andrussow, at Krasnowodsk.
Gen. Niphargoides, G. O. Sars.
In my 2nd article on the Caspian Amphipoda, I mentioned that a new
species of this genus was contained in the collection of Dr. Grimm. This
form is described below, and increases the species, as at present known, to
6 in all.
22. Niphargoides Grimmi, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 11, figs. 1—12).
Specific Characters. — Form of body about as in N. caspius. Lateral
lobes of cephalon somewhat projecting and narrowly rounded. Anterior pairs
us.-Mar. erp. 301. 51 oF
472 @. 0. SARS,
of coxal plates of moderate size and only fringed thwi rather short bristles.
Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome acutely produced at the lateral
corners, and having a few short bristles along their posterior edge. Urosome
with small, scattered spinules on the dorsal face of the last 2 segments. Eyes
oval reniform. Antenne very short and stout, equal-sized, basal joint of the
superior ones exceedingly large, flagellum of the inferior one very small,
3-articulate. Gnathopoda very unequal in size, the posterior ones being
nearly twice as large as the anterior, propodos in both pairs gradually
widening distally, palm well defined and armed at the inferior corner with
a remarkably elongated spine. The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda nearly as
in N. caspius; the 3 posterior pairs somewhat more slender and less densely
setous, basal joint of penultimate pair remarkably narrow, that of last pair
very much expanded, with the posterior edge strongly curved above the
middle, and densely fringed with very short bristles. Last pair of uropoda
with the outer ramus conically tapering, and fringed with scattered sete,
inner ramus nearly half the length of the outer. Telson with the lateral
lobes sub-linear, and armed each with 4 slender apical spines. Length 8 mm.
Remarks. — The present species, which was confounded by Dr. Grimm
with his N. caspius, may, on a closer examination, be easily distinguished
by the far less hirsute coxal plates, the rather different shape of the pro-
podos of the gnathopoda, the more slender and less densely setous posterior
pairs of pereiopoda, and especially by the very much expanded basal joint
of the last pair. ; ;
Description. — The length of fully adult specimens does not exceed
8 mm., and this form is accordingly rather inferior in size to N. caspius.
The general form of the body (see fig. 1) resembles that in N. caspius,
being rather robust and tumid, with the back broadly vaulted.
The cephalon does not nearly attain the length of the first 2 segments
of the mesosome combined, and has the lateral lobes somewhat prominent
and narrowly rounded at the tip.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are somewhat deeper than the cor-
responding segments, and have their distal edge fringed with comparatively
short bristles. The Ist pair (see fig. 4) are not expanded distally, and are
nearly transversely truncated at the tip. The 4th pair (see fig. 6) are some-
what deeper than they are broad, and exhibit a distinct angular corner
below the posterior emargination. The posterior pairs (see figs. 7—9) are
very small.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are well developed, and rather
unequal in shape, the Ist pair being rounded, the 2nd nearly rectangular,
whereas the last pair are considerably produced at the lateral corners, form-
®n3.-Mur. crp. 802. 52
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 473
ing an acute angle, above which a few small bristles are seen issuing from
the posterior edge.
The urosome is rather stout, and has 2 very small spinules dorsally on
the last 2 segments, and on the terminal segment, also a single lateral
spinule.
The eyes are of moderate size, and oval reniform in shape, with dark
pigment.
The superior antenne (fig. 2) are scarcely more than twice as long as
the cephalon, and but sparsely setiferous. The Ist joint of the peduncle is
exceedingly large, almost equalling in length the remaining part of the
antenna, whereas the last joint is extremely small, nearly as broad as it is
long: The flagellum about equals in length the last 2 peduncular joints com-
bined, and is composed of 5 articulations. The accessory appendage is about
half the length of the flagellum, and biarticulate, with the terminal articula-
tion very small.
The inferior antennz (fig. 3) are about the length of the superior, and
somewhat more densely supplied with delicate bristles, especially along the
posterior edge. The antepenultimate joint of the peduncle is rather broad
and expanded; the penultimate one gradually tapers distally, and projects at
the end anteriorly to a setiferous corner. The last joint of the peduncle is
much smaller than the penultimate, and simple cylindric in form. The flagellum
is very small, being scarcely longer than the last peduncular joint, and is
only composed of 3 articulations.
The gnathopoda (figs. 4, 5), as in N. caspius, are very unequal in size,
the posterior ones being nearly twice as large as the anterior. In structure
they somewhat resemble those of the said species, but differ conspicuously
in the shape of the propodos. Whereas in N. caspius, the propodos of both
pairs is conically tapered, it is in this species, on the contrary, gradually
expanded distally, with the palm much less oblique, and defined below by a
distinct corner carrying 2 strong spines, one of which is remarkably elongated.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 6) are rather robust, and on the
whole agree in their structure with those in N. caspius.
The 3 posterior pairs (figs. 7—9), on the other hand, are more slender
and less densely setous, differing also conspicuously in the shape of the basal
joint. In the antepenultimate pair (fig. 7) this joint is obliquely oval in form,
with the anterior edge strongly curved, and the posterior one somewhat
bulging in its proximal part. The basal joint of the penultimate pair (fig. 8)
is much more elongated, but remarkably narrow, being scarcely at all ex-
panded. The last pair (fig. 9) are highly remarkable for the large size of
the basal joint, which forms posteriorly a very broad lamellar expansion
bus.-Mar, orp. 303. 53
474 G. 0. SARS,
having its greatest curvature somewhat above the middle. The edge of the
expansion is throughout densely fringed with small, hair-like bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 10) resemble in structure those in
N. caspius, though having a greater number of spines on the rami.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 11) are comparatively short, and have the
basal part armed at the end below with a transverse row of slender spines.
The outer ramus is about twice as long as the basal part, somewhat tapering
distally, and edged with a limited number of slender sets; its terminal
joint is very small, but well defined. The inner ramus is about half as long
as the outer, and carries on the tip 2 spines.
The telson (fig. 12) is somewhat longer than it is broad at the base, and
has the cleft rather narrow. The lateral lobes are but slightly narrowed dis-
tally, and each carry on the bluntly truncated tip, a row of 4 slender spines.
Occurrence. — This form has been collected by Dr. Grimm occasionally
in 5 different Stations, belonging partly to the southern, partly to the middle
part of the Caspian Sea, the depth ranging from 25 to 90 fathoms.
Gen. Cardiophilus, G. O. Sars, n.
Generic Characters. — Body much elongated, smooth, with the anterior
pairs of coxal plates rather broad. Superior antenne of moderate length and
provided with a very small accessory appendage. Inferior antenne extremely
small. Mandibles with the cutting part divided into 2 very narrow, almost
spiniform lamelle, palp well developed. First pair of maxille with the palp
extremely small, biarticulate. Maxillipeds with the masticatory lobes carry-
ing, inside, flattened spines, palps with the dactylar joint rudimentary, nodi-
form. Gnathopoda (in female) rather feeble, the posterior ones more elong-
ated than the anterior. Pereiopoda with strong, hooked dactyli, basal joint
of the 3 posterior pairs but slightly expanded. Last pair of uropoda very
small, scarcely extending beyond the others. Telson short, deeply cleft.
Remarks. — This new genus is founded upon a small Amphipod, which
is stated, at least occasionally, to lead a parasitic existence, having been
found within the mantle of a species of Cardium. The structure of the oral
parts and the strongly hooked dactyli of the pereiopoda would, indeed, seem
to point to a semi-parasitic habit.
23. Cardiophilus Baeri, G. O. Sars, n. sp. ‘
(Pl. 11, figs. 13—27). :
Specific Chara ters. — Body extremely slender and elongated, nearly
smooth throughout. Lateral lobes of cephalon evenly rounded. Anterior
us,-Mar. crp. 304. $4
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 475
pairs of coxal plates not very deep, but quadrangular in form and perfectly
smooth; 4th pair but slightly emarginated posteriorly. Epimeral plates of
metasome scarcely produced at the lateral corners. Urosome rather small,
and perfectly smooth. Eyes of moderate size and rounded form. Superior
antennee not much elongated, peduncle rather short, with the 1st joint much
the largest, flagellum exceeding the peduncle in length and composed of
about 10 articulations, accessory appendage extremely minute, biarticulate.
Inferior antennz scarcely half as long as the superior. Anterior gnathopoda
rather small, with the propodos oval quadrangular in form; posterior ones
much more elongated, with the propodos sub-linear in shape. Pereiopoda
moderately elongated and almost naked, dactylus in all of them hook-shaped,
terminating in a very sharp point; basal joint of last pair not differing much
from that of the 2 preceding pairs. Last pair of uropoda with the outer
ramus scarcely longer than the basal part, inner scale-like. Telson semi-lunar
in form, cleft very narrow. Length of adult female 5'/, mm.
Remarks. — This is as yet the only known species of the genus, and
may easily be recognized from the other Caspian Amphipoda by its elong-
ated, subcylindrical body and the unusually poor development of the inferior
antenne.
Description. — The length of fully adult female specimens measures
only 5‘, mm., and this form is accordingly of rather small size.
The body (see fig. 13) is remarkably slender and elongated; perfectly
smooth, and not at all compressed, being nearly cylindric in form. The
anterior division, comprising the cephalon and mesosome, is fully twice as
long as the posterior one, all its segments being of nearly equal length.
The cephalon does not exceed in length the Ist segment of the meso-
some, and is but very slightly produced in front between the bases of the
superior antennse. The lateral lobes are evenly rounded, and behind them
the inferior edges of the head form on each side a rather deep emargination
encircling the globular basal joint of the inferior antenne.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are but little deeper than the cor-
responding segments, but comparatively broad, and they slightly increase in
size posteriorly. The 1st pair (see fig. 21) are almost quadrate in furm, the
2 succeeding ones oval quadrangular. The 4th pair are not much broader
than the preceding pairs, and but very slightly emarginated posteriorly.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are rather small, and of usual ap-
pearance.
The. epimeral plates of the metasome are not particularly large, and the
last 2 are scarcely produced at all at the lateral corners.
bus,-Mar. crp. 305, 55
476 @. 0. SARS,
The urosome is comparatively small and perfectly smooth, with no traces
either of hairs or spines.
The eyes are well developed, and of an almost orbicular form, ‘with
dark pigment.
The superior antenne (fig. 14) scarcely exceed in length '/, of the body,
and have the peduncle comparatively short, with the lst joint much the
largest, exceeding in length the other 2 combined. The flagellum is some-
what longer than the peduncle, and is composed of 10 very sharply-defined
articulations carrying, on both edges, small, hair-like bristles. The accessory
appendage is extremely small, so as easily to escape attention, the more so
as it generally lies inside the base of the flagellum. On a closer examination
it is, however, found ta be composed of 2 well-defined articulations.
The inferior antenne (fig. 15) are quite unusually poorly developed, being
scarcely half as long as the superior, and have the basal joint globularly
tumefied. The last joint of the peduncle is somewhat smaller than the pen-
ultimate one, both having at the end a few small bristles. The flagellum is
about half the length of the peduncle, and is composed of 4 articulations.
The buccal area is somewhat protuberant, not being covered laterally
by the 1st pair of coxal plates. The oral parts composing it, differ in some
points rather markedly from those in the other Gammaride.
The anterior lip (not figured in the plate) is rather small and rounded,
without any projection in front.
The posterior lip (fig. 17) is normally developed, with the lateral lobes
slightly incurved at the tip, and produced laterally to an obtuse auricular
projection.
The mandibles (fig. 16) are comparatively small, and have the cutting
part divided into 2 slightly dentated lamellee, which are remarkably narrow,
almost spiniform. Between this part and the rather poorly developed molar
expansion, only 3 small bristles occur in each mandible. The palp is nor-
mally developed, being considerably longer than the mandible, and is but
sparsely setiferous. The terminal joint is somewhat shorter than the middle
one, and somewhat compressed, with a row of small spinules along the distal
part of the inner edge.
The Ist pair of maxillee (fig. 18) are highly remarkable for the rudi-
mentary condition of the palp, which is extremely small, so as scarcely to
extend beyond the masticatory lobe. On a closer examination, it is found to
be composed of 2 nearly equal-sized joints, the outer of which terminates
with 2 small bristles. The masticatory lobe is rather broad and armed at
the truncated tip with a number of strong, denticulated spines. The basal
lobe is much smaller and carries 3 ciliated sete.
‘bus.-Mar. erp. 306. 56
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. _ 477
The 2nd pair of maxille (fig. 19) are nearly as large as the Ist pair,
and quite normal in structure.
The maxillipeds (fig. 20) have the basal and masticatory lobes of moderate
size, the latter being armed inside with a row of flattened spines. The palps
are but sparsely setous, and have the dactylar joint quite rudimentary,
only represented by a small nodule carrying 2 minute hairs.
The gnathopoda (figs. 21, 22) are rather feeble in structure, and some-
what unequal, the posterior ones being considerably more elongated than
the anterior. The latter (fig. 21) are rather short, and have the propodos
comparatively small, oval quadrangular in form, and slightly narrowed dis-
tally, with the palm nearly transverse. The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 22)
have both the carpus and the propodos considerably more elongated, the
latter being nearly linear in form, with the palm extremely short and trans-
verse. Both pairs are provided with scattered fascicles of slender bristles.
The pereiopoda are of moderate length, and almost naked, with only a
few very small and scattered hair-like bristles. In all of them the dactylus
is very strong, hookshaped, and terminating in a very acute point. The 2
anterior pairs (fig. 23) are exactly alike, and have the meral joint somewhat
expanded distally. The 3 posterior pairs successively increase somewhat in
length, and have the basal joint but slightly expanded and of oval form. In
the Jast pair (fig. 27) this joint is not very different either in shape or size
from that of the penultimate pair.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 25) are rather strongly built, with
the rami subequal and armed at the tip with several, partly hooked spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 26) are extremely small, scarcely projecting
beyond the others at all. The outer ramus is scarcely longer than the basal
part, and only provided with a few slender bristles; its terminal joint is so
very minute, as easily to be overlooked. The inner ramus is much
smaller than the outer, scale-like, and only provided with a single apical
bristle.
The telson (fig. 27) is very short, being fully twice as broad as it is
long, and exhibits an almost semi-lunar form, though being divided by a
narrow cleft into 2 halves, each of which has a small apical, and 2 lateral
hairs.
Occurrence. — Of this peculiar Amphipod, a solitary specimen was taken
as early as in the year 1877 by v. Baer off the peninsula Mangyschlack.
Another specimen is contained in the collection of Dr. Grimm, with the
statement of having been taken at Stat, 116 within thetmantle of Cardiwm
Baeri. Solitary specimens were also found in the collections of Mr. War-
pachowsky, taken from Stat. 16 and 31 of the North Caspian Sea.
dus,-Mar. erp. 307, 57
478 G. 0. SARS,
Gen. Iphigenella '), Grimm. MS.
Generic Characters. — Body rather stout, smooth, with comparatively
large coxal plates. Superior antennze longer than the inferior, and provided
with a well-developed accessory appendage. Oral parts on the whole normal.
Gnathopoda in both sexes very unequally developed, the anterior ones rather
powerful, with the propodos very large, the posterior slender and feeble,
with the propodos sub-linear. Pereiopoda comparatively short and stout,
especially the 3 posterior pairs, propodal joint in all of them sub-cheliform,
basal joint of the 3 posterior pairs lamellarly expanded, that of last pair
somewhat differing in shape from that of the 2 preceding pairs. Last pair
of uropoda not very large, outer ramus spinous, inner very small, scale-like,
Telson rather narrow, and cleft to the base.
Remarks. — The most prominent feature of this genus, established by
Dr. Grimm, is undoubtedly the peculiar prehensile character of the pereio-
poda, which would seem to point to a semiparasitic nature of the animal.
Also the structure of the gnathopoda is peculiar in the very unequal de-
velopment of the 2 pairs. Besides the typical form described below,
Dr. Grimm has referred another species to the same genus, under the name
of Iphigeneia abyssorum. But the specimens of this form contained in the
collection are evidently quite immature, and do not at all agree with the
characters of the genus.
24. Iphigenella acanthopoda, Grimm. MS.
(Pl. 12, figs. 1—17).
Specific Characters. — Body moderately compressed, with the back
evenly vaulted and smooth throughout. Lateral lobes of cephalon sub-angular
in front. Anterior pairs of coxal plates much deeper than the corresponding
segments; 1st pair sub-angular in front, 4th pair much deeper than they are
broad. Last pair of epimeral plates of metasome acutely produced at the
lateral corners. Urosome with the 2 anterior segments somewhat raised
dorsally. Eyes of moderate size, oval in form. Superior antenne more
slender and less densely setous than the inferior, peduncle rather short,
accessory appendage 4-articulate. Anterior gnathopoda with the propodos
very large, oval triangular in form, palm somewhat oblique; posterior ones
with the propodos longer than the carpus, and edged with fascicles of slender
bristles. The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda somewhat more slender than
1) As the name Jphigeneia, proposed by Dr. Grimm, has been long ago appropriated in
Zoology, I have felt justified in changing it in the above manner.
$us,-Mar, crp. 308, 3)
|
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 479
the posterior, the latter rather robust, with the outer part spinous, basal
joint of last pair obliquely expanded, that of the 2 preceding pairs regularly
oval. Propodal joint in all the legs exhibiting at the end a short but well
defined palm armed with several strong spines; dactylus strongly curved,
unguiform. Last pair of uropoda with the outer ramus nearly 3 times as
long as the basal part. Telson with the lateral lobes sub-linear, and each
armed with 3 apical spines. Length of adult female 9 mm.
Remarks. — In my opinion, the above-characterized species is as yet
the only one referable to this genus, its specific name being probably de-
rived from the peculiar armature of the propodal joint of the pereiopoda.
“Description. — The length of fully adult specimens measures about
9 mm. .
The general form of the body (see fig. 1) appears rather robust and
somewhat compressed, the back being evenly vaulted and smooth throughout.
The cephalon is comparatively short, but little exceeding in length the
1st segment of the mesosome, and forms in front, between the bases of the
superior antenne, a very small rostral projection. The lateral lobes are very
obliquely truncated, so as to form in front an angular corner.
The anterior pairs of coxal plates are rather large, being considerably
deeper than the corresponding segments, and are crowded together, so as to
form a nearly continuous wall. The 1st pair are very slightly expanded
distally, and are somewhat angular in front, their distal edge being, as
in the other pairs, quite smooth. The 2 succeeding pairs are more regularly
oblong quadrangular in form. The 4th pair are, as usual, the largest, being
however much deeper than they are broad. They exhibit posteriorly in their
upper part a distinct emargination, and are produced below the emargina-
tion to a short transversely-truncated expansion.
The 3 posterior pairs of coxal plates are somewhat more fully developed
than in most other Gammarid, the antepenultimate pair (see fig. 13) being
almost half as large as the preceding one, and having both lobes nearly
-equal-sized.
The epimeral plates of the metasome are of moderate size, the last pair
being acutely produced at the lateral corners.
The urosome is comparatively short and stout, and slightly carinated
dorsally, each of the 2 anterior segments being distinctly elevated at the
hind edge. They, moreover, carry in the middle a few simple hairs, and on
each side a single, well-defined spinule. The last segment is provided on
each side with 2 such spinules.
The eyes are of moderate size, and oval in form, with dark pigment.
dus,-Mar. erp, 309, 59
480 G. 0. SARS,
The superior antenne (fig. 2) are rather slender, somewhat exceeding
in length '/, of the body, and have the peduncle comparatively short, with
the 1st joint much the largest. The flagellum is fully twice as long as the
peduncle, and composed of about 17 articulations. The accessory appendage
is well developed, and 4-articulate.
The inferior antennz (fig. 3) are shorter than the superior, but some-
what more strongly built. The last 2 joints of the peduncle are about same
length, and both provided with scattered fascicles of slender bristles. The
flagellum is nearly as long as the peduncle, and composed of 10 articulations.
The oral parts (figs. 4—9) are on the whole of quite normal structure,
and need not therefore be described in detail.
The gnathopoda (figs. 10,11), on the other hand, are rather anomalous.
They are very unequally developed, the anterior ones (fig. 10) being much
more powerful than the posterior (fig. 11), and rather densely setiferous.
The anterior ones (fig. 10) have the carpus rather short, whereas the
propodos is exceedingly large and oval triangular in form, with the palm
somewhat oblique, and about the length of the hind margin. The palmar
edge has in front of the middle a strong denticle, and on the lower, ob-
tusely rounded corner 2 similar denticles are affixed. The dactylus is rather
elongated and falciform.
The posterior gnathopoda (fig. 11) are extremely slender, and also con-
siderably more elongated than the anterior, with the carpus much longer.
The propodos somewhat exceeds the carpus in length, and is very narrow,
sub-linear in form, with the palm extremely short and transverse. It is, like
the carpus, provided with numerous fascicles of rather elongated bristles,
which are more crowded on the lower edge.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig 12) are exactly alike in structure,
and rather slender, being edged with scattered fascicles of delicate bristles.
The 3 posterior pairs, unlike what is generally the case, are shorter
than the anterior, being nearly of uniform length. They are rather robust,
and have their outer part armed with fascicles of strong spines. The basal
joint is about same size in all 3 pairs, though differing somewhat in shape,
that of the 2 anterior ones (fig. 13) being oval quadrangular and somewhat
broader in its proximal part, whereas in the last pair (fig. 14) this joint is
obliquely expanded, so as to form at the infero-posteal corner a rather pro-
jecting rounded lobe.
In all the pereiopoda the propodal joint exhibits a rather anomalous
structure (see fig. 14a), being somewhat compressed, and gradually widen-
ing towards the end, where it forms a short, but well-defined palm, armed
with a number of strong denticles, against which the strongly curved, ungui-
bus.-Mur. erp. 310. 60
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 48]
form dactylus admits of being impinged, thus constituting an imperfect
chela.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (fig. 15) have the outer ramus con-
siderably shorter than the inner, both being linear in form, and tipped by
numerous strong spines.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 16) are moderately elongated, projecting
considerably beyond the others. The outer ramus is somewhat flattened,
though not very broad, and gradually tapers distally. It is provided on the
outer edge with 2, on the inner with 3 fascicles of spines accompanied by
a few slender bristles, and has the terminal joint very narrow, and spini-
form. The inner ramus is extremely small, and scale-like.
The telson (fig. 17) is comparatively narrow, being almost twice as long
as it is broad, and scarcely tapering at all distally. It is divided by a deep
and narrow cleft into 2 halves, each of which carries, at the obtusely rounded
tip, 3 short spinules.
Occurrence. — Of this form, some specimens are contained in the col-
lection of Dr. Grimm, having been taken as early as in the year 1871 by
Prof. Kessler, at Astrachan, from Astacus leptodactylus, and erroneously
labelled Gammarus pulex. Some other specimens, for the most part not
yet fully grown, were collected by Dr. Grimm in the bay of Baku. More-
over a Single small specimen was taken last summer by Mr. Maximowicz,
in the bay of Karabugas.
Fam. COROPHIIDA.
Gen. Corophium, Latr.
Of this genus, which has previously been regarded as exclusively marine,
no less than 6 different Caspian species have been described by the author
in his 3rd article on the Amphipoda. A 7th species is now added, easily dis-
tinguishable from all the others.
25. Corophium spinulosum, G. O. Sars, n. sp.
(Pl. 12, figs. 18—25).
Specific Characters. — Body of the usual depressed form. Frontal edge
of cephalon not produced in the middle, lateral lobes narrowly rounded.
First pair of coxal plates with 4 slender apical bristles, and several smaller
ones anteriorly. Segments of urosome all well defined, and armed dorsally,
near the posterior edge, with a transverse series of slender spines. Superior
untenne rather slender and elongated, Ist joint of the peduncle about same
length as the 2nd, and armed below with 2 distant spines, flagellum longer
than the peduncle. Inferior antennz, as usual, much stronger in male than
$u3.-Mart. erp. 311. 61
482 @. 0. SARS,
in female, penultimate joint of the peduncle produced at the end to a long,
thumb-like projection having a very small secondary denticle inside near the
base, the projection, being in female rather narrow, spiniform, in male much
broader, lanceolate, and extending to the end of the last peduncular joint; the
latter without any lateral protuberance, but produced at the end to a some-
what blunted projection, which, however, in female is quite rudimentary.
Posterior gnathopoda with the dactylus not denticulate inside. Anterior
pairs of pereiopoda rather slender, with the meral joint but slightly ex-
panded. Last pair of pereiopoda with the outer joints narrow and partly
edged with strong spines. The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda very densely
spinous. Last pair of uropoda with the outer joint carrying several spines
in addition to the sete. Telson with an erect spine on each side of the base.
Length of adult female 91/, mm.
Remarks. — The present new species is prominently distinguishable by
the spinous armature of the urosome, not found in any of the other species,
and also some of the appendages, which are generally without spines, are
in this species provided with such, for instance the last pair of pereiopoda,
the telson and the last pair of uropoda. Its nearest ally would seem to be
C. chelicorne, but it also differs in several other points from this species,
for instance in the much more elongated superior antennee, and the likewise
more slender anterior pairs of pereiopoda, as also in the fact of the dacty-
lus of the posterior gnathopoda not being denticulated.
Description. — The length of a fully adult, ovigerous female measures
about 9'/, mm. and this form accordingly grows to a somewhat larger size
than C. chelicorne.
The general form of the body (see fig. 18) is that characteristic of the
genus, though perhaps somewhat more slender than in C. chelicorne.
The cephalon about equals in length the first 2 segments of the meso-
some combined, and has the frontal margin not at all produced in the middle,
but. only slightly arcuate. The lateral lobes are not very prominent, and are
narrowly rounded at the tip.
The Ist pair of coxal plates exhibit the usual triangular form, and carry
on the tip 4 slender setie, and along the anterior edge a number of much
smaller bristles.
The epimeral plates of the metasome, as in the other species, are ex-
tended laterally, and densely fringed with bristles.
The urosome (fig. 22) has all its 3 segments very distinctly defined, and
armed dorsally, at some distance from the posterior edge, with a transverse
row of spines, their number on the 2 anterior segments being from 6 to 10,
on the last, only 2. Besides these, each of the 2 anterior segments is armed
us.-Mar. erp. 312, 62
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 483
laterally, at the insertion of the uropoda, with a number of similar spines,
somewhat irregularly arranged.
The eyes are very small and rounded, being placed, as usual, at the
bases of the lateral lobes.
The superior antennie are of about same structure in the two sexes,
being rather slender and but sparsely setiferous. In the female they nearly
attain half the length of the body, and have the Ist joint of the peduncle
about as long as the 2nd, and armed below with 2 distant spines. The
flagellum somewhat exceeds the peduncle in length, and is composed of
about 14 articulations.
The inferior antennz are, as usual, somewhat different in the two sexes.
In the female (see figs. 18, 19) they are of moderate size, with the pen-
ultimate joint of the peduncle but slightly widening distally, and produced
at the end to a very acute spiniform process reaching about to the middle
of the last peduncular joint. The latter is somewhat shorter than the pen-
ultimate one, and simple cylindric, without any trace of a lateral denticle,
but with a very slight, nodiform prominence at the end inside. The flagellum
does not attain to quite the length of the last peduncular joint, but exhibits
the usual structure.
In the male these antenne (fig. 26) are much more strongly developed,
and are especially distinguished by the large size of the thumb-like process
issuing from the penultimate joint of the peduncle. This process is rather
broad at the base, of an almost lanceolate form, and extends as far as the
end of the last peduncular joint. It has, moreover, inside, near the base, a
distinct, though rather small, dentiform projection, of which only. a very
slight rudiment is found in the female. The last joint of the peduncle is
produced at the end inside to a well-defined conical projection, which is
crossed by the tip of the thumb-like process of the preceding joint, when
bent in against it, whereby these antennze acquire a complete cheliform
‘character, as is the case in both sexes of C. chelicorne.
The gnathopoda resemble in structure those in the other species, with
this difference, however, that the posterior ones (fig. 20) have the dactylus
smooth, with only a few slender hairs, whereas in all the other Caspian
species, it is coarsely denticulate inside.
The 2 anterior pairs of pereiopoda (fig. 21) are considerably more
slender than in C. chelicorne, more resembling in this respect those in C.
nobile, the meral joint being but very slightly expanded. This joint does
not, however, in either of the two sexes exhibit that dense supply of sets
characteristic of the last-named species. The dactylus is extremely slender
and elongated, even exceeding somewhat the propodal joint in length.
bu3,-Mar. erp. 313. 63
484 @. 0. SARS,
The last pair of pereiopoda (fig. 22) have the basal joint expanded in
the usual manner and densely clothed with long ciliated setee on both edges.
The outer joints are rather slender and are partly armed with short spines
in addition to the usual bristles.
The 2 anterior pairs of uropoda (see figs. 22, 23) are very densely
supplied with spines both on the basal part and the rami, their number
being considerably greater than in C. chelicorne.
The last pair of uropoda (fig. 24) are likewise distinguished by the pre-
sence of a number of spines on the lamellar terminal joint, which also
carries the usual slender set.
The telson (fig. 25) exhibits a shape similar to that in the other species,
but is prominently distinguishable by the presence of a rather conspicuous
erect spine on each side of its base, not found in any of the other species.
Occurrence. — A few specimens of this form were collected by Dr. Grimm
in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, from a depth of 25 fathoms.
List of Caspian Amphipoda
up to the present more closely examined.
(With statements of additional localities),
. Pseudalibrotus caspius, Gym.
» platyceras, Grm.
. Pontoporeia microphthalma, Grm.
. Boeckia spinosa, Grm. St. 65, 67 (Warpachowsk y).
. Gmelina costata, Grm, St. 78 (Warp.), sin. Karabugas.
» Kusnezowi, Sowinsky. St. 93 (Warp.).
» leviuscula, G. O. Sars.
» pusilla, G. O. 8.
9. Gmelinopsis tuberculata, G. 0. S.
10. » aurita, G. O.S.
11. Gammaracanthus caspius, Grm.
12. Amathillina cristata, Grm. St. 63, 69,78, 83 (\Varp.); off the mouth of Terek (Kusnezow).
13) » spinosa, Grm.
SAS. R wp
14. » affinis, G. O. 8. Sin. Karabugas.
15. » Maximowiezi, G. 0. 8.
16. » pusilla, G. O. S.
17. Gammarus caspius, Hichw. St. 78 (Warp.), Krasnowodsk, sin. Karabugas.
18. » hemobaphes, Eichw. St. 65, 67, 69, 75, 83,86 (Warp.), Krasnowodsk, sin. Kara-
bugas, off the mouth of Terek.
19. » Grimmi, G. O.S.
20. » subnudus, G. O. S.
| » macrocephalus, Grm.
22. » tenellus, G. O. S.
23. » placidus, Grm,
n3.-Mat. erp. 314. 64
to tw
ra ae
36.
CRUSTACKA CASPIA.
485
4. Gammarus Warpachowskyi, G. O. S. St. 78 (Warp.), sin. Karabugas.
» paucillus, Grm.
» Andrussowt, G. 0. S.
» minvtus, GO. S. sin. Karabugas.
» aralensis, U1j., var. caspia, St. 78 (Warp.), sin. Karabugas.
» macrurus, G. O. 8.
» compressus, G. O. S. St. 75 (Warp.).
» similis, G. O. 8.
» crassus, Grm, St. 78, 83 (Warp.), sin. Karabugas,
» abbreviatus, G. O. S. St. 75 (Warp.).
» obesus, G. O. S. St. 86, 90 (Warp.), sin. Karabugas.
» Weidemanni, G. O. 8.
» maeoticus, Sow.
» platycheir, G. O. 5.
38. Niphargoides caspius, Grm. St. 70 (Warp.), sin. Karabugas.
aa
KCOmoaonan
ow bor
» Grimm, G. O. 5.
» corpulentus, G. O.S.
» compactus, G. O. S.
» quadrimanus, G. O. 8.
» e@quimanus, G. O. 8.
. Pandorites podoceroides, Grm.
. Iphigenella acanthopoda, Grm.
. Cardiophilus Baert, G. 0. 8.
. Corophium nobile, G. 0. 8.
» chelicorne, G. O. 5.
» curvispinum, G. O. S. Krasnowodsk; sin. Karabugas.
» robustum, G. O. S. St. 63 (Warp.); sin. Karabugas.
» mucronatum, G. O. S. St. 59, 64, 72 (Warp.); sin. Karabugas,
» monodon, G. O. 8.
» spinulosum, G. O. 8.
Explanation of the plates.
PI. 1.
Pseudalibrotus caspius, Grimm.
. Female, seen from left side.
. Superior antenna.
. Inferior antenna.
Cephalon with the buccal mass, but
without the antenne, viewed from left
side.
. Anterior lip from left side.
. Posterior lip.
. Right mandible with palp.
. First maxilla.
. Second maxilla.
. Maxillipeds (right palp omitted).
. Anterior gnathopod with coxal plate.
lla. Propodos of same, more highly magni-
fied.
Fig. 12, Posterior gnathopod, without the coxal
plate.
» 12a, Propodos of same, more highly magni-
fied.
» 13. First pereiopod, with coxal plate.
» 14. Base of 2nd pereiopod, with coxa] plate.
» 15. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
» 16. Penultimate pereiopod (the 2 outer
joints omitted).
» 17. Last pereiopod.
» 18. Second uropod.
» 19. Last uropod,
» 20. Telson,
Pseudalibrotus platyceras, Grimm.
Fig. 21. Adult female, seen from left side.
»
22.
Proximal part of superior antenna,
ys.-Mar. erp. 315.
Fig. 23
65
. Propodos of anterior gnathopod.
33
Fig. 1. Female seen from left side. Fig. 5. Anterior gnathopod (basal joint not
» 2. Outer part of superior antenna. fully drawn).
» 8. Frontal part of cephalon, lateral view. | » 6. Outer part of posterior gnathopod.
» 4. Dorsal part of urosome, with telson} » 7, Last pereiopod.
and last uropod, lateral view.
Gmelina leviuscula, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 8. Adult male, seen from right side. Fig. 10. Anterior part of cephalon, lateral view.
» 9. Part of superior antenna, comprising | » 11. Last uropod.
extremity of peduncle, accessory ap-| » 12. Telson.
pendage, and base of flagellum.
7 Gmelina pusilla, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 13. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 18. Last pereiopod.
» 14. Cephalon with bases of the antenne,| » 19. Second uropod.
lateral view. » 20. Last uropod.
» 15. Superior antenna. » 21. Telson.
» 16. Anterior gnathopod with coxal plate.
» 17. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
incubatory and branchial lamelle.
Ved I},
cS Gmelinopsis tuberculata, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 1. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 10. Maxillipeds, without the left palp.
» 2 Cephalon, without antenne and oral| » 11, Anterior gnathopod with coxal plate,
parts, lateral view. » 12. Posterior gnathopod with coxal plate,
» 3. Superior antenna. incubatory and branchial lamelle.
» 3a. Accessory appendage, more highly| » 138. First pereiopod.
magnified. » 14. Antepenultimate pereiopod (outer part
» 4, Inferior antenna, not drawn).
» 5, Anterior lip. » 15. Penultimate pereiopod.
» 6. Posterior lip. » 16, Last pereiopod (outer part not drawn).
» 7. Left mandible with palp. » 17. Second uropod.
» 8. First maxilla. » 18, Last uropod.
» 9. Second maxilla. » 19. Telson.
Gmelinopsis aurita, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 20. Female, seen from right side. Fig, 23. Extremity of last segment of urosome,
» 21. Cephalon, seen from above. with telson; dorsal view. ,
» 22. Same with the antenne, lateral view. :
Pl 4;
Gammaracanthus caspius, Grimm.
Fig. 1. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 3. Anterior gnathopod.
» 2. Part of superior antenna, comprising | » 4. Posterior gnathopod (basal joint not
the last 2 joints of the peduncle, the fully drawn).
accessory appendage, and the base of | » 5. Extremity of Ist pereiopod.
the flagellum. » 6. Extremity of penultimate pereiopod.
Amathillina spinosa, Grimm.
Fig. 7. Adult male, seen from right side. Fig. 12. Posterior gnathopod of same.
» 8. Part of superior antenna, exhibiting | » 13. Penultimate pereiopod of female (the
the accessory appendage and the base outer joints not drawn). -
of the flagellum. » 14. Last pereiopod of same.
» 9. Anterior gnathopod. » 15. Last uropod.
» 10. Posterior gnathopod (the basal joint | » 16. Telson.
not fully drawn).
» 11, Anterior gnathopod of female, with
coxal plate.
u3.-Mar. crp., 316, 66
G. 0. SARS,
Pl. 2.
Pontoporeia microphthalma, Grimm.
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. |
Pl. 5.
487
Amathilina Maximowiczi, G. O. Sars.
. Last pereiopod.
. Anterior gnathopod of male.
. Posterior gnathopod of same.
Proximal part of penultimate pereio-
pod of male.
. Last pereiopod of same (the outer
joints omitted).
.. Last uropod.
. Extremity of last segment with the
telson, dorsal view.
Penultimate pereiopod.
Last pereiopod.
Last uropod.
Anterior gnathopod of male.
Posterior gnathopod of same (basal
joint not fully drawn).
Proximal part of last pereiopod of a
male specimen.
Posterior gnathopod of same, with
coxal plate, branchial and ineubatory
Last pereiopod.
Last uropod.
10a. Extremity of right lateral lobe of
1. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 9
2. Superior antenna. » 10,
3. Part of same, more highly magnified, | » 11
exhibiting the accessory appendage} » »
and the base of the flagellum.
4. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate. | » 12
5. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamelle. » 13
6. Coxal plate of 4th pair. » 14
7. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
8. Penultimate pereiopod.
Amathillina pusilla, G. O. Sars.
15. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 22.
16. Accessory appendage of superior an- | » 23.
tenna. » 24.
17. Same of a male specimen. » 25, Telson,
18. Anterior gnathopod of female. » ~ 26.
19. Posterior gnathopod of same (basal| » 27.
joint not fully drawn).
20. First pereiopod. » 28.
21. Antepenultimate pereiopod (extremity
omitted).
Pl. 6.
Gammarus Grimmi, G. O. Sars.
1. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 7.
2. Part of superior antenna, exhibiting
the accessory appendage and the base lamella.
of the flagellum. ». 8:
3. Dorsal part of urosome, lateral view. vie a:
4, Outer part of anterior male gnathopod. | » 10. Telson.
5. Posterior gnathopod of male. »
6. Anterior gnathopod of female, with
cessory appendage and the base of the| » 16.
flagellum. py alee
13. Anterior gnathopod. ye pst
14. Posterior gnathopod. » 19,
BENT
Gammarus macrocephalus,
1. Adult male, seen from left side. Fig. 6.
2. Part of superior antenna, comprising
3. Anterior gnathopod. ae
4. Posterior gnathopod. » 10.
5. First pereiopod. me ll:
us.-Mart. crp, 317.
. Adult female, seen from left side.
. Part of superior antenna, with the ac-
coxal plate.
same, more highly magnified.
Gammarus subnudus, G. O. Sars.
the last 2 joints of the peduncle, the | »
accessory appendage, and the base of | »
the flagellum.
67
Fig. 15.
7.
8.
Proximal part of antepenultimate _
pereiopod.
Penultimate pereiopod.
Last pereiopod.
Last uropod.
Telson.
Grimm.
Proximal part
pereiopod.
Same part of penultimate pereiopod.
Last pereiopod, without the outer
joints.
Last uropod,
Second uropod.
Telson.
of antepenultimate
33*
@. 0. SARS,
Gammarus tenellus, G. O. Sars.
. Adult female, seen from right side.
. Part of superior antenna, with the ac-
cessory appendage and the base of the
flagellum.
. Anterior gnathopod.
. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate,
branchial and incubatory lamelle.
. Second pereiopod with coxal plate.
. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
Pl.
Fig. 18. Penultimate pereiopod, without the
outer joints. 7
» 19, Last pereiopod.
» 20. Last uropod.
» 21. Second uropod.
» 22. Telson.
» 23, Anterior gnathopod of male, with
coxal plate.
» 24. Posterior gnathopod of same.
8.
Gammarus placidus, Grimm.
1. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 7. Proximal part of antepenultimate
2. Cephalon, without antennze and oral pereiopod, ;
parts; lateral view. » 8. Penultimate pereiopod, without the
3. Part of superior antenna. outer joints.
4. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.| » 9. Last pereiopod.
5. Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate, | » 10. Second uropod.
branchial and incubatory lamellz. » 11, Last uropod.
6. Second pereiopod, with coxal plate,| » 12. Telson.
branchial] and incubatory lamelle.
Gammarus platycheir, G. O. Sars.
14, Adult male, seen from left side. Fig. 17. Extremity of urosome, with left last
15. Outer part of superior antenna. uropod and telson; dorsal view.
16. Posterior gnathopod.
Pl. 9:
Gammarus Weidemanni, G. O. Sars.
1, Adult male, seen from left side. Fig. 6. Second pereiopod. ~
2. Superior antenna, » 7. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
3. Inferior antenna, » 8. Penultimate pereiopod.
3 (bis). Mandibular palp. » 9. Last pereiopod.
4. Anterior gnathopod of female, with| » 10. Last uropod.
coxal plate. » 11. Telson.
5. Posterior gnathopod of “same, with
coxal plate, branchial and incubatory
lamella. ;
Gammarus maeoticus, Sowinsky.
12, Adult male, seen from right side. Fig. 17. Posterior gnathopod of same.
13. Superior antenna. » 18. Second uropod.
14. Inferior antenna. » 19, Last uropod.
15. Mandible with palp. » 20. Telson.
16, Anterior gnathopod of male, with coxal
plate.
Pl. 10.
Gammarus pauxillus, Grimm.
1, Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 10, Last pereiopod.
2. Superior antenna. » 11. Urosome of male, seen from left side.
3. Inferior antenna. » 12. Last uropod of female.
4. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.| » 18. Telson.
5, Posterior gnathopod, with coxal plate, | » 14. Adult male, seen from left side.
branchial and incubatory lamelle. » 15. Cephalon of same, without antenne
6. First pereiopod. and oral parts; lateral view.
7. Coxal plate of 4th pair. » 16. Anterior gnathopod of same, with coxal
8, Antepenultimate pereiopod (outer part _ plate.
not drawn). » 17. Posterior gnathopod.
9. Penultimate pereiopod, without the
outer joints.
bus.-Mar. erp. 318. 68
“+
CRUSTACEA CASPIA. 489
Gammarus Andrussowi, G. O. Sars.
*£
Fig. 18, Adult female, seen from left side.
Fig. 22. Proximal part of penultimate pereio-
» 19. Superior antenna (extremity of flagel- pod.
lum not drawn). » 23, Last pereiopod.
» 20. Anterior gnathopod (basal joint not | » 24. Urosome, seen from right side,
fully drawn). » 25, Last uropod.
» 21, Posterior gnathopod (do.). » 26, Telson.
Pl. 11.
Niphargoides Grimmi, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 1. Adult male, seen from left side, Fig. 7. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
» 2. Superior antenna. » 8. Penultimate pereiopod.
» 3. Inferior antenna. » 9, Last pereiopod.
» 4, Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.| » 10. Second uropod.
» 5, Posterior gnathopod. » 11. Last uropod.
» 6, Second pereiopod, with coxal plate. » 12, Telson.
Cardiophilus Baeri, G. O. Sars.
Fig. 13. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 21. Anterior gnathopod, with coxal plate.
» 14. Superior antenna. » 22. Posterior gnathopod, with part of coxal
» 15. Inferior antenna. plate.
» 16. Right mandible with palp, and masti- | » 23. First pereiopod.
catory part of left one. » 24, Last pereiopod,
» 17. Posterior lip. » 25. Second uropod.
» 18. First maxilla. » 26. Last uropod.
» 19. Second maxilla, » 27. Telson.
» 20. Maxillipeds.
Pl, 12.
Iphigenella acanthopoda, Grimm.
Fig. 1. Adult female, seen from left side. Fig. 11, Posterior gnathopod (basal part not fully
» 2. Superior antenna. drawn).
» 8. Inferior antenna. » 12. First pereiopod.
» 4, Anterior lip. » 13. Antepenultimate pereiopod.
» 5, Posterior lip. » 14, Last pereiopod.
» 6. Left mandible with palp. » 14a. Propodal joint and dactylus of same,
» 7. First maxilla. more highly magnified.
» 8. Second maxilla. » 15, Second uropod.
» 9. Maxillipeds (left palp omitted). » 16. Last uropod.
» 10. Anterior gnathopod. » 17. Telson.
Corophium spinulosum, G, O. Sars.
Fig. 18. Adult female, seen from right side. Fig. 22. Last pereiopod. :
» 19. Part of inferior antenna of same,com-| » 22 (bis). Urosome, seen from above (the 2
prising the last 2 peduncular joints. anterior uropoda on left side omitted).
» 20. Posterior gnathopod. » 23, Second uropod.
» 20a. Dactylus of same, more highly magni- | » 24. Last uropod.
21
fied.
. First pereiopod,
——>t<
us.-Mar, orp. 319.
»
»
25.
26.
Telson.
Inferior antenna of male.
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iia
Ea
7
te
“. ae --
ice i be ne om
— ‘o.. _ .
a: ve s i} Se oe rr a
ee 3S :
we
7 ad. ive
i & |
"5 ee ay a 3 ead,
pee Mi eae) ee “5 eek.
¥ tad, Me aa or aT 9 ‘a a ae 4 wae me
ba ane,
r. ieee « f
rs “Wal a. +
ay oe ‘ ON hee Es i
< S at i eae iia a Py 7 ; eb SNe Ts S % a hes : yy tee ee i*
= <i etl ‘ ad To nem ans
: 1 ‘2 ed ea yy ie} kOe oe a =. ate @
RS ew a ee
a aS Te ieee
: oe a. , pe eee
4
sy
_
an!
fe, | ae! oy
aaa. See oer
. vie
7 “ a Ly sb ye é
Se ae yl
= he ay
ee VET AP
pier Pee ae
et 7 eee .
aul ine
+ ¥ be = , >
i ree eA . ee
¥
>
s & 7
‘ vai, ;
ee
1 i
ee ce
: aa et .
Aird oe aa
re! y
‘ag
“me
iwai™s 4
. oe . q
pa ne
ry ra
J
»
7
rar oe ae
Site fa
954 ee
PI.6.
sarEre etEZEEZ
; as naseo——e
G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
Gammarus Grimmi, G.0.Sars.
phipoda Suppl.
G.0.Sers autogr.
subnudus 6.0.Sars,
”
~
FERED 300 "arya FREI. _— Paar . }
tiene ones sites OS Rae Vm atanc :
at la Supp e-0- ars Crustacea caspia.
ZEx
me
-6.0.Sars autogr. = Gammarus macrocephalus, Grimm.
re tenellus, 6.0.Sars.
6.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
stg AmphipodaSuppi.
ALD fis j
SE
SELES i
Gammarus placidus, Grimm.
-G.0.Sars autogr.
platycheir, 6.0.Sars.
”
Geet ee ue PIAS ee ey pg a: ;
oe ee GO Sars Crustacea caspia.
_ Amphipoda Suppl. . me
ht
53 i Ree cen 4 EZ a
Ae a Ht
4 SS i
ee. 2 Pe Yi
Zp SS
= = = a
= St 4
G.0.Sars autogr. Gammarus Weidemanni, G.0.Sars.
meosticus, Sowinsky.
”
a -Amphipoda Suppl.
7
alse oi a.jautcgr. Gammarus pauxillus, Grimm.
Andrussowi, G.0.S5ars,
”
_*
’
’
”
Ba Os A PF peas, a rere Se ERD AE 1 oe LS pee ee Yay
E Ne 4 me er Ns eee a ay ee oj Sh ee i P a
Tan new NS Reet Ee eo are ieee S : a
Bre eat E Mh har tn YO ty 1 z
fae FE ey = :
eae as
-
fee re
6.0. Sars Crustacea caspia.
Amphipoda Suppl.
G.0.Sars autogr. Niphargoides Grimmi, OSes
Cardiophilus Baeri, G.0.Sars.
— hae ee eg Pesan al ve
rus
<=
“We Eig a Oe eS ea a ae ete
EME ue Sool G.0.Sars Crustacea caspia.
= BA Uh
Za
AN
i, Y
(Eg
t|
if
\
L /
G.0.Sers, autogr. Iphigenella acanthopoda, (Grimm).
r Corophium spinulosum, 6.0.Sars.
ey
Vien BAT
OPJIA BJIEHIE. — SOMMAIRE.
Mspaerenis. 135 UpOTOKOIOBD sacbraniit
Axkamemin. .
fr. 0. Capes. Kacuiiicnia paxoo6pasunia.
Marepiasnr 114 usy4eHia KapmuHorTOrH-
yeckoil mayHbt Kacnilickaro mopa. (Cb
‘12 Tam. pucyHKOB.) . 2
C. B. Wep6akost. Sanucka 0 HOBOMD Me-
Tork ouperbuenia nopepxunocry, neny-
cKaromen X-1ryan. ver ono PoTOTHTI-
uecKor Tabauuenw.). . . .
C. Metanbuvkosr. O norsomenin co.xeii
*Keabsa UUMeBAPUTeALHBIMD KAHAIOME
Tapakana (Blatta pie: (Cy pu-
CyHKOMB.). . « . we
A.A. Kynabxo. Ka a taace 0 *KeIIHBIXS
KAUMAANpAX’.
Crp.
. LXXIX
491
Pag.
Extraits des procés-verbaux des séances
de ?Académic . . UXXIX
G. 0. Sars. Crustacea Caspia. Contribu-
tions to the knowledge of the Carcino-
logical Fauna of the Caspian Sea, bee)
12 autographic plates.) . . .~ ~ 421
S$. Schterbakoff. Note sur une gavel mé-
thode pour déterminer la position de
la surface d’émission des rayons X.
(Avec une planche phototypique). . 491
§. Metainikoff. Sur Vabsorbtion de fer par
le tube digestif de la blatte (Blatta
orientalis). (Avec un dessin.) . 495
A. Kouliabko. Notice sur Ja question des
capillaires biliaires .
Haueyatano uo pacnopaxenito Umneratorcxoi Axagzemin Hayk.
Auptap 1896 r.
THNOPPAPIA UMMEPATOPCKOTi AKAZEMIM HAYKS.
Bac. Ocrp., 9 annia, Ne 12.
499
Henpentunsiit cexperaps, Akazemuns /7, Ty6poouns.
Dee Sabet
eed Aga yet
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